1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO 8243:2013 Cigarettes SamplingBS ISO 8243:2013 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 8243:2013. It supersedes BS ISO 8243:2006 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Com
2、mittee AW/40, Tobacco and tobacco products. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Stand
3、ards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013 ISBN 978 0 580 79520 6 ICS 65.160 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2013. A
4、mendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO 8243:2013 ISO 2013 Cigarettes Sampling Cigarettes chantillonnage INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8243 Fifth edition 2013-07-01 Reference number ISO 8243:2013(E)BS ISO 8243:2013ISO 8243:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED D
5、OCUMENT ISO 2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission
6、 can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandBS ISO 8243:2013ISO 8243:201
7、3(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Sampling mode: At one time . 3 4.1 Procedure for sampling at the point of sale . 3 4.2 Procedure for sampling at the factory 5 5 Sampling mode: Over a pe
8、riod of time 6 5.1 General . 6 5.2 Procedure for sampling over a period of time at the factory 6 6 Statistical evaluation and reporting . 6 6.1 Statistical evaluation 6 6.2 Outliers 6 6.3 Confidence interval . 7 6.4 Applications to the verification of cigarettes yields 7 7 Sampling report. 8 Annex A
9、 (informative) Flow chart illustration of the sampling in Clauses 4 and 5 9 Annex B (informative) Sources of variability concerning the choice of sampling procedures .10 Bibliography .11BS ISO 8243:2013ISO 8243:2013(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
10、federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that c
11、ommittee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this documen
12、t and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives,
13、 Part 2. www.iso.org/directives Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the
14、 document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 126,
15、Tobacco and tobacco products. This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition ( ISO 8243:2006), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 8243:2013ISO 8243:2013(E) Introduction It is difficult to recommend a detailed method of sampling cigarettes, suitable f
16、or every purpose. The objective of sampling is clearly to provide a representative sample but the problem arises because the specific purpose for which tests are required affects the recommendation. Existing national standards, rules, regulations and laws were taken into account when preparing this
17、International Standard and two different procedures, both of which are simple and reliable, are described: sampling at the point of sale; sampling at producers premises or importers and distributors warehouses. Sampling is carried out “at one point in time” (e.g. cigarettes available for distributio
18、n from a factory/warehouse or available at a retail outlet on the market on a scheduled day). When a sample is required which represents cigarettes available over an appreciable period of time (e.g. cigarettes representing several months production) a number of sub-period samples will be taken in a
19、series of samplings, and the results combined. Since this International Standard was originally written in 1981, its role in providing a basis of sampling cigarettes for the verification of on-pack declarations of smoke constituent yields has become increasingly important. For this reason a guide to
20、 the statistical evaluation and reporting of results is included to clarify the statistical basis of the confidence intervals for nicotine-free dry particulate matter (NFDPM), nicotine and carbon monoxide (CO) that are listed in Table 3. Sampling according to Clauses 4 and 5 of this International St
21、andard provides a representative cigarette sample that might be used for other testing purposes. The sources of variability arising in cigarette manufacture and in the determination of smoke constituent components are described in Annex B and in ISO/TR 22305. It is recommended that determinations of
22、 smoke constituent yields should be made on the population manufactured for sale, sampled at manufacturers factories or importers warehouses and that because of variations in cigarette manufacture the “sampling over a period of time” mode should be used wherever possible. ISO 2013 All rights reserve
23、d vBS ISO 8243:2013BS ISO 8243:2013Cigarettes Sampling 1 Scope This International Standard specifies two methods of providing representative samples of a population of cigarettes manufactured for sale. Different procedures are specified (see Table 1) according to whether sampling is undertaken at th
24、e point of sale or at a factory. a) Sampling “at one point in time” provides for appraisal of the chosen properties of the cigarettes on that occasion. Sampling is carried out within as short a period as possible. b) Sampling “over a period of time” provides for on-going appraisals. It can be consid
25、ered for practical purposes as a series of samples each taken “at one point in time”. Table 1 Sampling possibilities Sampling procedures Sampling mode At one time (instantaneous) Over a period (continuous) A At point of sale Subclause 4.1 a B At a factory Subclause 4.2 Clause 5 aProcedure A over a p
26、eriod of time is possible but is not specified in this International Standard. This International Standard provides information on the statistical basis for the treatment of data and gives estimates, based on practical experience, of the typical confidence intervals for nicotine-free dry particulate
27、 matter (NFDPM), nicotine and CO yields which may be found when a product is sampled in accordance with this International Standard and smoked in accordance with the procedures specified in ISO 3308, ISO 3402, ISO 4387, ISO 8454, ISO 10315, ISO 10362-1 and ISO 10362-2. 2 Normative references The fol
28、lowing documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 4387, Ciga
29、rettes Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement
30、 method ISO 8454, Cigarettes Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke NDIR method ISO 10315, Cigarettes Determination of nicotine in smoke condensates Gas-chromatographic method 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and defin
31、itions apply. 3.1 factory place of manufacture or its associated distribution depots or the warehouse of an importer INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 8243:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 8243:2013ISO 8243:2013(E) 3.2 sale unit quantity of cigarettes ready to be offered for sale to the public
32、 Note 1 to entry: The commonly sold packet of 20 cigarettes is used as the basis of this International Standard, but cigarettes are also sold loose and in other size packets. 3.3 carton commercial package available within a factory EXAMPLE Packets of 20 cigarettes are usually put into cartons of 200
33、 cigarettes. 3.4 place of purchase town, village or district within the area to be sampled, or that part of the area where the cigarettes are available Note 1 to entry: Examples of boundaries are those of cantons, local government districts, electoral areas, postal code areas or any boundaries in ac
34、cordance with the geographical context, or others. 3.5 sampling point specific location representing different kinds of sampling points (e.g. shop, specialist tobacco shop, auto- vending machine, supermarket, place in warehouse, place in factory) from which an increment is to be taken 3.6 population
35、 aggregate of sale units to be sampled Note 1 to entry: The definition includes different sub-populations, three of which are given in 3.6.1, 3.6.2 and 3.6.4. 3.6.1 population available to consumers aggregate of sale units in retail outlets in a given area, at any time in a given time period 3.6.2 p
36、opulation manufactured for sale aggregate of sale units at a factory 3.6.3 str a tifi ca ti o n division of a population into mutually exclusive and exhaustive sub-populations (called strata), which are thought to be more homogeneous, with respect to the characteristics investigated, than the total
37、population 3.6.4 st ra t if i ed sam p ling in a population that can be divided into different mutually exclusive and exhaustive sub-populations (called strata), sampling carried out in such a way that specified proportions of the sample are drawn from the different strata and each stratum is sample
38、d with at least one sampling unit 3.7 increment sample of cigarettes taken at one time, at one sampling point 3.8 sub-increment individual groups of cigarettes making up an increment 3.9 sub-period sample increment taken when sampling over a period of time2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 8243:20
39、13ISO 8243:2013(E) 3.10 laboratory sample sample intended for laboratory inspection or testing 3.11 test sample cigarettes for test taken at random from the laboratory sample and which are representative of each of the increments making up the laboratory sample 3.12 test portion group of cigarettes
40、randomly selected from the test sample for a determination 3.13 lot definite quantity of some product, material or service, collected together and submitted for examination Note 1 to entry: An inspection lot may consist of several batches or parts of batches. 4 Sampling mode: At one time 4.1 Procedu
41、re for sampling at the point of sale 4.1.1 Selection of the number and choice of sampling points The number of sale units to be taken and the number of places of purchase to be randomly sampled is determined by the size of the area in which the cigarettes are sold. Select the appropriate numbers acc
42、ording to Table 2. Table 2 Sampling requirements Total number of sampling points Number of sampling points to be randomly sampled Number of sale units to be taken at each sampling point for each laboratory sample 20 20 2 10 20 10 4 5 10 5 8 4 4 10 3 3 14 2 2 20 1 1 40 If the sampling requirements in
43、 Table 2 cannot be fulfilled, an alternative may be used with a justification in the sampling report. This may be independent of the size of the sales area, and not at random, but is satisfactory provided that a representative sample is taken. When used, a total of at least 40 sale units, when possi
44、ble, shall be obtained. NOTE Table 2 is applicable to a sample of 800 cigarettes. The choice of 800 cigarettes per sample has been the result of balancing various factors which influence the homogeneity of samples and should be large enough to obtain reliable results. Even though there was no single
45、 statistical rationale at the time the standard was developed, such sample size has proven to be sufficiently large to adequately represent a production batch and to carry out various analytical tests from the same sample. If there is more than one testing laboratory then the number of sale units is
46、 increased appropriately. It is necessary to make sure that each laboratory sample is representative of the population, e.g. if more than one carton is sampled they should be subdivided between the laboratory samples. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 8243:2013ISO 8243:2013(E) When a sale unit do
47、es not consist of a packet of 20 cigarettes, adjust the number of sale units sampled to produce the required number of cigarettes. In case of more laboratories, special attention shall be given to the fact that each laboratory has a matched sample. The sampling points from which the sale unit shall
48、be obtained are to be distributed throughout the place of purchase. The choice of sampling points shall, whenever possible, reflect the pattern of retail distribution of cigarettes in that sampling place to be sampled. This is usually done by defining several kinds of sampling points for each sampli
49、ng scheme. Each kind of sampling point is randomly sampled throughout the place of purchase and, in total, the increment shall make up a defined proportion of the whole sample. Sampling shall only be carried out at another kind of sampling point after two unsuccessful attempts have been made at the specified points. 4.1.2 Constitution of the laboratory sample 4.1.2.1 From each sale unit take cigarettes in equal proportions for the laboratory samples (see Table 2). 4.1.2.2 If cigarettes of the same name and characterist
