1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO 9186-1:2014 Graphical symbols Test methods Part 1: Method for testing comprehensibilityBS ISO 9186-1:2014 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 9186-1:2014. It supersedes BS ISO 9186-1:2007 which is withdrawn. The UK
2、 participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PH/8, Graphical symbols. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are respon
3、sible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 78007 3 ICS 01.080.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Sta
4、ndards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2014. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO 9186-1:2014 ISO 2014 Graphical symbols Test methods Part 1: Method for testing comprehensibility Symboles graphiques Mthodes dessai Partie 1: Mthode de vrification de la comprhensibili
5、t INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9186-1 Second edition 2014-03-15 Reference number ISO 9186-1:2014(E)BS ISO 9186-1:2014ISO 9186-1:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
6、 utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO co
7、pyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandBS ISO 9186-1:2014ISO 9186-1:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative referen
8、ces 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Principle 2 5 Preliminary steps 2 6 Comprehension test 3 6.1 General . 3 6.2 Preparation of test material . 3 6.3 Respondents 6 6.4 Respondents task in the comprehension test . 6 6.5 Analysis of the results of the comprehension test 6 6.6 Categorizing the results
9、. 7 6.7 Analysing the categorization of responses . 7 6.8 Presentation of results . 8 6.9 Combination of the results from different countries . 9 6.10 Determination of the most comprehensible variant 9 Annex A (normative) Comprehension test .10 Bibliography .18BS ISO 9186-1:2014ISO 9186-1:2014(E) Fo
10、reword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a tec
11、hnical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o
12、f electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This documen
13、t was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
14、 patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does
15、 not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informa
16、tion The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 145, Graphical symbols. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 9186-1:2007), which has been technically revised. Annex B has been removed. ISO 9186 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphical s
17、ymbols Test methods: Part 1: Method for testing comprehensibility Part 2: Method for testing perceptual quality Part 3: Method for testing referent associationiv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 9186-1:2014ISO 9186-1:2014(E) Introduction The reason for the publication of this part of ISO 9186 is t
18、he increasing use of non-verbal presentation of information in buildings and other places, and for services to the public. Continued growth of international travel, tourism, and trade requires graphical symbols to be understood. This part of ISO 9186 specifies methods for assessing the comprehensibi
19、lity of graphical symbols. This part of ISO 9186 is intended to be used by all Technical Committees within ISO charged with developing specific graphical symbols for their industry, to ensure that there is only one symbol for each meaning. It is also intended to be used by any other organization con
20、cerned with establishing the comprehensibility of graphical symbols. This part of ISO 9186 specifies a method of testing what proportion of people can comprehend a graphical symbol correctly. ISO 9186-2 specifies a method of testing how well people can identify the elements which make up a graphical
21、 symbol. ISO 9186-3 specifies a method of testing what proportion of people who are familiar with a number of referents relevant to a graphical symbol can associate the graphical symbol with its referent. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 9186-1:2014BS ISO 9186-1:2014Graphical symbols Test method
22、s Part 1: Method for testing comprehensibility 1 Scope This part of ISO 9186 specifies a method for testing the comprehensibility of graphical symbols. It provides a measure of the extent to which a variant of a graphical symbol communicates its intended message. The purpose of this part of ISO 9186
23、 is to ensure that graphical symbols and signs using graphical symbols are readily understood. The intention is to encourage the development of graphical symbols which are correctly understood by users when no supplementary (i.e. explanatory) text is presented. When such a graphical symbol cannot be
24、 developed, it might be necessary to present a graphical symbol together with supplementary text explaining its meaning in the language of the intended users. NOTE 1 Alternatively, it could be necessary to inform people about the meaning of the graphical symbol by including its meaning in manuals, i
25、nstructions, or training. NOTE 2 ISO 9186-2 specifies a method for testing the perceptual quality of graphical symbols by measuring the extent to which the elements of the graphical symbol can be correctly identified. ISO 9186-3 is under development; it is intended to specify a method of testing the
26、 association of graphical symbols with their referents and be applicable to those situations where the viewer tested might initially be unfamiliar with the referents. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensabl
27、e for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9241-303, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 303: Requirements for electronic visual displays ISO 9241-4
28、00, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 400: Principles and requirements for physical input devices ISO 9241-5, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements ISO 9241-12, Ergonomic requirements for office work
29、 with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 12: Presentation of information ISO 17724, Graphical symbols Vocabulary 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in ISO 17724 and the following apply. 3.1 comprehension test procedure for quantifying the degree
30、 of understanding of a proposed graphical symbol 3.2 function meaning of a referent which the symbol is intended to convey INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 9186-1:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 9186-1:2014ISO 9186-1:2014(E) 3.3 referent idea or object that a graphical symbol is intended to
31、represent 3.4 variant alternative graphical symbol design for a given referent 4 Principle Variants of referents are assessed for the ease with which they can be understood by carrying out the comprehension test on them. In the comprehension test, each respondent is presented with one variant for an
32、y single referent and asked “What do you think this symbol means?” To clarify the answer to this question or if the referents being tested require some specific action, each person may be asked a second question, “What action should you take in response to this symbol?” Each variant is scored in ter
33、ms of the percentage of correct answers. NOTE 1 The findings from the comprehensibility testing can be used by the submitter of the variants as supporting information when variants are submitted for standardization. NOTE 2 The submitter of the variants might intend to submit a variant as a proposal
34、for standardization by organizations such as ISO, CEN, and national or international standards bodies. These organizations can require that testing for comprehensibility is conducted in a minimum number of countries and can lay down the score which is essential for a variant to attain before it can
35、be recommended as the most acceptable one for that referent. NOTE 3 This part of ISO 9186 refers to testing using printed or screen presentation of the materials. Screen presentation can involve conducting the test using the internet. Guidance on administering the test over the internet is given in
36、6.2.8 and 6.3.5. 5 Preliminary steps Before embarking on testing, the submitters shall obtain a copy of whatever forms are required by the standards organization for submitting the graphical symbol for standardization and shall ensure that they will be in a position to provide whatever information i
37、s required on those forms. NOTE 1 Application forms for submission of public information symbols for standardization by ISO/TC 145/SC 1 and criteria of acceptance are available on www.iso.org/tc145/sc1 or from the ISO/TC 145/SC 1 secretary. Application forms for submission of safety signs for standa
38、rdization by ISO/TC 145/SC 2 and criteria of acceptance are available on www.iso.org/tc145/sc2 or from the ISO/TC 145/SC 2 secretary. Application forms for submission of symbols on equipment for standardization by ISO/TC 145/SC 3 are available on www.iso.org/tc145/sc3 or from the ISO/TC 145/SC 3 sec
39、retary. NOTE 2 If necessary, the secretary of the relevant standards committee can provide supporting information. For example, the minimum comprehension scores required before a variant can be recommended for standardization, whether testing is required in a number of countries. There may also be r
40、equirements regarding the format in which symbols should be submitted. The submitters shall ensure that the symbol variant or variants to be tested have been designed in accordance with the relevant design principles and design criteria. NOTE 3 Design principles and design criteria for public inform
41、ation symbols for standardization in ISO 7001 are specified in ISO 22727; design principles and design criteria for safety signs for standardization in ISO 7010 are specified in ISO 3864-1 and ISO 3864-3; design principles and design criteria for graphical symbols for use on equipment for standardiz
42、ation in ISO 7000 are specified in IEC 80416-1 and ISO 80416-2. It is recommended that three is the maximum number of variants for any one referent in the comprehension test. NOTE 4 A standards organization can require a minimum number of referents or variants to be tested.2 ISO 2014 All rights rese
43、rvedBS ISO 9186-1:2014ISO 9186-1:2014(E) Where the test is to be conducted in a number of countries, the submitters shall ensure that all materials, including computer presentations when they are used, are of the same quality. With both paper and computer presentation it is essential that all presen
44、tations are of an equivalent legibility and that all images are of an equivalent quality. 6 Comprehension test 6.1 General Carry out the test using either printed presentation or computer screen presentation, depending on which is most practicable. Computer screen presentation includes internet pres
45、entation (see 6.2.8). NOTE 1 The word “page” is used for a predefined presentation of text and/or graphic elements and their layout on a sheet of paper or a computer screen. NOTE 2 When necessary (e.g. due to a respondent having difficulty with reading), the test administrator can read the instructi
46、ons to the respondent who can give responses orally so that the test administrator can enter them. 6.2 Preparation of test material 6.2.1 Variants should be black on white. Colour should only be used if it is an integral part of the coding of information, for example when safety graphical symbols ar
47、e being tested. If a coloured variant is used, it is necessary to ensure the contrast between figure and background is sufficient for the variant to be readily visible, and that the colours and contrast levels are reproduced accurately in the materials presented to respondents. Print or display one
48、variant for one referent on one single test page (size A5 or larger). When multiple graphical symbols are tested as a set on a single signboard, print or display the set on one test sheet Inform the respondents in words or pictorial form of the general context in which they would expect to see the s
49、ymbol. If the context is given in words, they shall be in a language in which the respondent is fluent. Present this information adjacent to the graphical symbol on each test page. NOTE 1 Context can be provided in words by using a phrase such as “at an airport” or “on the wall of a public building”, or it can be provided in pictorial form by presenting a photograph showing in its actual location a sign bearing the graphical symbol. A photographic context is preferable, but if a photograph is used, careful consideration s
