1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO 9186-3:2014 Graphical symbols Test methods Part 3: Method for testing symbol referent associationBS ISO 9186-3:2014 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 9186-3:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was entru
2、sted to Technical Committee PH/8, Graphical symbols. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The Brit
3、ish Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 76397 7 ICS 01.080.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31
4、October 2014. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO 9186-3:2014 ISO 2014 Graphical symbols Test methods Part 3: Method for testing symbol referent association Symboles graphiques Mthodes dessai Partie 3: Mthode pour les essais de reconnaissabilit des symboles INTERNATIONAL STA
5、NDARD ISO 9186-3 First edition 2014-10-01 Reference number ISO 9186-3:2014(E)BS ISO 9186-3:2014ISO 9186-3:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise
6、in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case
7、postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandBS ISO 9186-3:2014ISO 9186-3:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and d
8、efinitions . 1 4 Principle 2 5 Pre-test information . 3 6 Familiarity training 3 7 Symbol referent association test . 3 7.1 General . 3 7.2 Preparation of test material . 4 7.3 Respondents 5 7.4 Respondents task in the symbol referent association test 5 7.5 Analysis of the results of the symbol refe
9、rent association test . 5 7.6 Presentation of results . 5 7.7 Combination of the results from different countries . 6 7.8 Determination of the most frequently correctly associated variant . 6 Annex A (informative) Familiarity training . 7 Annex B (informative) Symbol referent association test . 8 Bi
10、bliography .14BS ISO 9186-3:2014ISO 9186-3:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Eac
11、h member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Internation
12、al Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different
13、 types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall no
14、t be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is in
15、formation given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) se
16、e the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 145, Graphical symbols ISO 9186 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphical symbols Test methods: Part 1: Method for testing comprehensibility Part 2: Method for tes
17、ting perceptual quality Part 3: Method for testing symbol referent associationiv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 9186-3:2014ISO 9186-3:2014(E) Introduction The reason for the publication of this International Standard is the increasing use of non-verbal presentation of information. Continued grow
18、th of international trade requires graphical symbols to be understood. This part of ISO 9186 specifies a method for assessing the referent association of graphical symbols by familiarizing people with a set of specialized referents and then testing what proportion of those people can associate a par
19、ticular graphical symbol with its referent. ISO 9186-1 specifies a method of testing what proportion of people can comprehend a graphical symbol correctly. ISO 9186-2 specifies a method of testing how well people can identify the elements which make up a graphical symbol. This part of ISO 9186 speci
20、fies a method of familiarizing people with a set of specialized referents and then testing what proportion of those people can associate a graphical symbol with its referent ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 9186-3:2014BS ISO 9186-3:2014Graphical symbols Test methods Part 3: Method for testing sy
21、mbol referent association 1 Scope This part of ISO 9186 specifies a method for testing the referent association of graphical symbols intended to communicate information to users who are familiar with what the symbol is intended to denote or represent (the referent). The referents can be specialized,
22、 so that the general public cannot be expected to be familiar with them without familiarity training. The intention is to develop graphical symbols which are correctly recognized by users familiar with the referents when no supplementary (i.e. explanatory) text is presented. When such a graphical sy
23、mbol cannot be obtained, it might be necessary to present a graphical symbol together with supplementary text explaining its meaning in the language of the intended users. NOTE 1 Alternatively, it could be necessary to inform people about the meaning of the graphical symbol by including its meaning
24、in manuals, instructions, or training. NOTE 2 ISO 9186-1 specifies a method for testing the comprehensibility of graphical symbols. ISO 9186-2 specifies a method for testing the perceptual quality of graphical symbols, the extent to which the elements of the graphical symbol can be correctly identif
25、ied. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
26、amendments) applies. ISO 9241-302, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 302: Terminology for electronic visual displays ISO 9241-400, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 400: Principles and requirements for physical input devices ISO 9241-5, Ergonomic requirements for office work with
27、 visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements ISO 9241-12, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 12: Presentation of information ISO 17724, Graphical symbols Vocabulary 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of t
28、his document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17724 and the following apply. 3.1 comprehension test procedure for quantifying the degree of understanding of a proposed graphical symbol INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 9186-3:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 9186-3:2014ISO 9186-3:2014(E
29、) 3.2 familiarity training procedure for ensuring that a group of people are familiar with what the symbol is intended to denote or represent 3.3 function full description of the symbols intended meaning 3.4 symbol referent association test procedure for assessing the degree to which the meaning of
30、a symbol can be recognized when the symbol alone is presented 3.5 referent facility, control, display, concept, or object that a graphical symbol is intended to represent 3.6 variant alternative graphical symbol design for a given referent 4 Principle Symbols for specialized referents are used to de
31、note or represent facilities, controls, displays, concepts, or objects. Many different referents/graphical symbols can be within the working environment and on equipment operated by specialist users. The method for testing comprehensibility described in ISO 9186-1, which involves presenting particip
32、ants with a symbol and asking them to say what they think it means, is not appropriate for testing a symbol for a specialized referent which is not familiar to the participants. This is because they might respond “dont know” because they are ignorant of the referent, not because the symbol does not
33、provide a clear representation of its referent. It is, therefore, necessary to use a different method for testing symbols for specialized referents, a method which includes an initial stage in which respondents are familiarized with the referents and demonstrate familiarity before the symbols are te
34、sted. This is referred to as familiarity training. When the respondent is familiar with specialized referents, symbols can be tested by presenting them to the respondents together with a list of the familiarized referents and asking them which, if any, of the referents is indicated by the symbol. Th
35、is is called the symbol referent association test. In order to avoid later responses being unduly influenced by earlier ones, and to reduce the ability to make a correct response by a process of elimination, the test should include some items in which none of the familiarized referents presented is
36、the one intended to be represented by the symbol. Every test question should include the possible answer “none of these”. The size of the set of symbols to be tested depends on the context in which the symbols are used. For example, the set might be all the symbols found on a particular item of equi
37、pment or on a number of items of equipment in a particular location. In a set, there are typically many symbols to be tested.2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 9186-3:2014ISO 9186-3:2014(E) 5 Pre-test information Before embarking on testing, the submitter shall obtain a copy of whatever forms are
38、required by the standards organization for submitting the graphical symbol for standardization and shall ensure that they are in a position to provide whatever information is required on those forms. NOTE 1 Application forms for submission of public information symbols for standardization by ISO/TC
39、145 are available on www.iso.org/tc145/SC1orfromtheISO/TC145/SC1 secretary. Application forms for submission of safety symbols for standardization by ISO/TC 145 are available on www.iso.org/tc145/SC2orfromtheISO/TC145/ SC2 secretary. Application forms for submission of symbols on equipment for stand
40、ardization by ISO/TC 145 are available on www.iso.org/tc145/SC3orfromtheISO/TC145/SC3 secretary. NOTE 2 If necessary, the secretary of the relevant standards committee can provide supporting information such as whether testing can be required in a number of countries, whether there are any requireme
41、nts regarding the format in which symbols are to be submitted. The submitter shall ensure that the symbol variant or variants to be tested have been designed in accordance with the relevant design principles and design criteria. NOTE 3 Design principles and design criteria for graphical symbols are
42、specified in ISO 3864, ISO 22727, and IEC/ISO 80416. NOTE 4 A standards organization can require a minimum number of symbols or variants to be tested. Where the test is to be conducted in a number of countries, the submitter shall ensure that all materials, including computer presentations when they
43、 are used, are of the same standard. With both paper and computer presentation, it is essential that all presentations are of an equivalent legibility and that all images are of an equivalent quality. 6 Familiarity training A person familiar with the referents relevant to the set of symbols under co
44、nsideration should construct a list of all referents, each entry in the list being paired with a simple description of what the referent means (its function) if the referent meaning is not commonly known. NOTE An example of a list of referents and their functions is provided in Table A.1. Potential
45、respondents on the referent association test of the symbols should be presented with the list of referents and their functions and asked to read through the list or study it until they feel they are familiar with all the entries. When they consider themselves familiar with the list contents, they sh
46、ould be tested on their familiarity by presenting to them a list of the referents in a random order and asking them to state what the referent means. The person marking the test should decide for each response whether it shows correct understanding of the referents function. The respondent should be
47、 accepted as a member of the symbol referent association test respondent group if they show understanding of all the referents in the list. A respondent can go through the familiarity procedure and take the familiarity test again until understanding of all the referents is achieved. At least 25 resp
48、ondents who have demonstrated understanding of the referents are required for the symbol referent association test. 7 Symbol referent association test 7.1 General Carry out the test using either a printed presentation or computer screen presentation, depending on which is the most practicable. Compu
49、ter screen presentations include internet presentations. NOTE For the description of the test using a computer screen presentation, the word “page” is used for a predefined presentation of text and/or graphic elements and their layout on a computer screen. For screen presentations, use a screen size such that the test pages are clearly legible to the respondents. Each test page content shall fit legibly on the screen in its entirety or with only vertical scrolling required. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 9186-3:
