1、raising standards worldwide NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BSI Standards Publication BS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012 Information technology - Real time locating systems (RTLS) Part 2: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocolBS ISO/IEC 2473
2、0-2:2012 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012. Together with BS ISO/IEC 24730-21:2012 and BS ISO/ IEC 24730-22:2012, it supersedes BS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2006 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to
3、 Technical Committee IST/34, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its
4、 correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012 ISBN 978 0 580 74399 3 ICS 35.040 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy an
5、d Strategy Committee on 30 June 2012. Amendments issued since publication Date T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012Reference number ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 24730-2 Second edition 2012-06-01 Information technology Real time locating systems (RTLS)
6、Part 2: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol Technologies de linformation Systmes de localisation en temps rel (RTLS) Partie 2: Protocole dinterface dair 2,4 GHz dtalement de spectre squence directe (DSSS) BS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012 ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012(E) COPYRIGHT PRO
7、TECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or I
8、SOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012 ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012(E) ISO
9、/IEC 2012 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of Inter
10、national Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison
11、 with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technic
12、al committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is dra
13、wn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 24730-2 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee
14、 SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. This second edition of ISO/IEC 24730-2, together with ISO/IEC 24730-21 and ISO/IEC 24730-22, cancels and replaces the first edition of ISO/IEC 24730-2:2006, which has been technically revised. ISO/IEC 24730 consists of the following parts
15、, under the general title Information technology Real time locating systems (RTLS): Part 1: Application program interface (API) Part 2: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol Part 21: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol: Transmitters o
16、perating with a single spread code and employing a DBPSK data encoding and BPSK spreading scheme Part 22: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol: Transmitters operating with multiple spread codes and employing a QPSK data encoding and Walsh offset QPSK (WOQPSK) spreadi
17、ng scheme Part 5: Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) at 2,4 GHz air interface Part 6: Ultra Wide Band Air Interface protocol Part 61: Low rate pulse repetition frequency Ultra Wide Band (UWB) air interface Part 62: High rate pulse repetition frequency Ultra Wide Band (UWB) air interface BS ISO/IEC 24730-2:
18、2012 ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012(E) iv ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reservedIntroduction ISO/IEC 24730 defines a single application program interface (API) for real time locating systems (RTLs) for use in asset management and is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage interoperability of products f
19、or the growing RTLS market. ISO/IEC 24730 also defines two air interface protocols, as follows: ISO/IEC 24730-2, based on a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and ISO/IEC 24730-5, based on a chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technique. This part of ISO/IEC 24730, the direct sequence spread spectrum (D
20、SSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol, establishes a technical standard for real time locating systems that operate at an internationally available 2,4 GHz frequency band and is intended to provide approximate location with frequent updates (for example, several times a minute). In order to be complia
21、nt with this part of ISO/IEC 24730, compliance with ISO/IEC 24730-1 is also required. Real time locating systems are wireless systems with the ability to locate the position of an item anywhere in a defined space (local/campus, wide area/regional, global) at a point in time that is, or is close to,
22、present time. Position is derived by measurements of the physical properties of the radio link. This part of ISO/IEC 24730 specifies the air interface for a system that locates an asset in a controlled area, e.g. warehouse, campus and airport, with accuracy to 3 m or less. There are two additional m
23、ethods of locating an object which are really RFID rather than RTLS: locating an asset by virtue of the fact that the asset has passed point A at a certain time and has not passed point B; locating an asset by virtue of providing a homing beacon whereby a person with a handheld device can find an as
24、set. The method of location is through identification and location, generally through multi-lateration. The different types are Time of Arrival (ToA) / Time of Flight Ranging Systems, Amplitude / Received Signal Strength Triangulation, Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA), and Angle of Arrival (AoA). T
25、his part of ISO/IEC 24730 defines the air interface protocol needed for the creation of an RTLS system. Although there are many types of location algorithms that could be used, one example of a location algorithm is provided in Annex A of ISO/IEC 24730-21. ISO/IEC 24730-22 defines the air interface
26、protocol needed for the reader synchronization essential for the location method based on timing information, such as Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA). Although there are many types of reader synchronization methods that could be used, an example of RTLS reader synchronization is provided in Annex
27、A of ISO/IEC 24730-22. BS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved 1Information technology Real time locating systems (RTLS) Part 2: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 24730 is
28、 comprised of this main document and two additional parts, ISO/IEC 24730-21 and ISO/IEC 24730-22, and defines a networked location system that provides X-Y coordinates and data telemetry. The system utilizes real time locating systems (RTLS) transmitters that autonomously generate a direct sequence
29、spread spectrum radio frequency beacon. These devices can be field programmable and support an optional exciter mode that allows modification of the rate of location update and location of the RTLS device. This part of ISO/IEC 24730 defines these modes, but does not define the means by which they ar
30、e accomplished. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 24
31、730-1, Information technology Real time locating systems (RTLS) Part 1: Application program interface (API) ISO/IEC 18000-4:2008, Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information tec
32、hnology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 1: General terms relating to AIDC ISO/IEC 19762-3, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 3: Radio frequency identification (RFID) ISO
33、/IEC 15963, Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Unique identification for RF tags ISO/IEC 8802-11:2005, Information technology Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks Specific requirements Part 11: Wireles
34、s LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications ISO/IEC 24730-21:2011, Information technology Real time locating systems (RTLS) Part 21: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol: Transmitters operating with a single spread code and employing a D
35、BPSK data encoding and BPSK spreading scheme ISO/IEC 24730-22:2011, Information technology Real time locating systems (RTLS) Part 22: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol: Transmitters operating with multiple spread codes and employing a QPSK data encoding and Walsh
36、offset QPSK (WOQPSK) spreading scheme BS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012 ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-1, ISO/IEC 19762-3 and the following apply. 3.1 air interface conductor-
37、free medium, usually air, between a transmitter and the receiver through which communication, e.g. data and telemetry, is achieved by means of a modulated inductive or propagated electromagnetic field 3.2 beacon feature of an RTLS system architecture that utilizes transmitters that “blink“ to produc
38、e a signal, and fixed position readers that receive those signals, thereby determining the x, y location of the transmissions 3.3 exciter device that transmits a signal that alters the behaviour of an RTLS transmitter 3.4 host applications customers management information systems 3.5 open field path
39、 from transmitter to receiver is LOS (Line Of Sight) 3.6 real time locating system (RTLS) set of radio frequency receivers and associated computing equipment used to determine the position of a transmitting device relative to the placement of the aforementioned receivers that is capable of reporting
40、 that position within several minutes of the transmission used for determining the position of the transmission NOTE Refer to Figure 1 for clarity regarding elements of RTLS infrastructure. Figure 1 Elements of RTLS infrastructure BS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012 ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All righ
41、ts reserved 33.7 RTLS infrastructure system components existing between the air interface protocol and the RTLS server API 3.8 RTLS reader device that receives signals from an RTLS transmitter or reference tag 3.9 RTLS reference tag always on powered radio device that utilizes the protocols specifie
42、d in ISO/IEC 24730-2, mainly for the RTLS reader synchronization 3.10 RTLS server computing device that aggregates data from the readers and determines location of transmitters 3.11 RTLS transmitter battery powered radio device that utilizes the protocols specified in ISO/IEC 24730-2 NOTE The term t
43、ransmitter is used interchangeably with the term tag. 3.12 sub-blink message that is transmitted one or multiple times in a “blink“ 3.13 tag blink radio frequency transmission(s) from an RTLS transmitter that may consist of one or multiple duplicate messages 3.14 upconvert change a baseband signal t
44、o a higher frequency signal 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 19762-1, ISO/IEC 19762-3 and the following apply. BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check DBPSK Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying
45、DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum EB Event Blink EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power EXB EXciter Blink FSK Frequency Shift Keying LOS Line of Sight BS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012 ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reservedMSB Most Significant Bit OOK On-Off Keying PN Pseudo Noise
46、 QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying RSS Received Signal Strength RTLS Real Time Locating Systems TIB Timed Interval Blink WOQPSK Walsh Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying 5 Requirements 5.1 Frequency range This part of ISO/IEC 24730 addresses real time locating systems (RTLS) operating in the 2,400
47、 GHz to 2,4835 GHz frequencies. 5.2 2,4 GHz spread spectrum air interface attributes The minimum feature set shall include the following: RTLS transmitters and reference tags shall autonomously generate a direct sequence spread spectrum radio frequency beacon. Transmission shall be at a power level
48、that can facilitate reception at ranges of at least 300 m open- field separation between the transmitter and receiver when operating within the parameters described in Table 1 of ISO/IEC 24730-21 and in from Table 1 to Table 2 of ISO/IEC 24730-22. RTLS transmitters and reference tags shall be fully
49、compliant with local regulatory requirements. Class 1 RF transmissions are low power and electro-magnetically compatible with, shall not interfere (not cause any measurable difference in throughput) and shall co-exist with existing standardized ISO/IEC 8802-11:2005 wireless communication networks. They are also systems that co-exist with ISO/IEC 18000-4:2008, and shall not exceed the maximum power of 10 dBm EIRP and the requirements of the local regulat
