1、PUBLICLY AVAILABLE SPECIFICATION PAS 028:2002 Marine safety helmets ICS 13.340.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWPAS 028:2002 This Publicly Available Specification was published on 17 May 2002 BSI 17 May 2002 ISBN 0 580 37263 4 Amendments issued since publicati
2、on Amd. No. Date CommentsPAS 028:2002 BSI 17 May 2002 i Contents Page Foreword ii Introduction 1 1S c o p e 1 2 Normative references 1 3T e r m s a n d d e f i n i t i o n s 1 4M a t e r i a l s 2 5 Construction 2 6 Performance requirements 3 7T e s t i n g 3 8 Marking 16 9 Information and instructi
3、ons 16 Bibliography 17 Figure 1 Example of headform with marked-up helmet shown in the normal wearing position, showing extent of protection and test area 6 Figure 2 Example of apparatus for testing the shock absorption characteristics of a helmet by the falling headform method 10 Figure 3 Headblock
4、 for penetration resistance tests 11 Figure 4 Example of apparatus for the retention system strength test 13 Figure 5 Example of apparatus for the retention system effectiveness test 15 Table 1 Sizes of headforms for testing 4 Table 2 Test sequence 5 Table 3 Pre-test conditioning 7 Table 4 Striker c
5、haracteristics 11PAS 028:2002 ii BSI 17 May 2002 Foreword This Publicly Available Specification has been published to provide an interim specification in the absence of a British or European standard specifying performance criteria for marine safety helmets for use by occupants of small, fast craft.
6、 This Publicly Available Specification is not to be regarded as a British Standard. It will be withdrawn upon publication of its content in, or as, a British Standard. Acknowledgement is given to the following organizations who were consulted in the development of this specification: Royal National
7、Lifeboat Institution The Metropolitan Police Service Gecko Gear Ministry of Defence Police BSI Product Services This Publicly Available Specification has been prepared and published by BSI which retains its ownership and copyright. BSI reserves the right to withdraw or amend this Publicly Available
8、Specification on receipt of authoritative advice that it is appropriate to do so. This Publicly Available Specification will be reviewed at intervals not exceeding 2 years and any amendments arising from the review will be published in an amended Publicly Available Specification and publicized in Up
9、date Standards. Product certification. Users of this Publicly Available Specification are advised to consider the desirability of third-party certification of product conformity with this Publicly Available Specification. Appropriate conformity attestation arrangements are described in BS EN 45004.
10、Users seeking assistance in identifying appropriate conformity assessment bodies or schemes may ask BSI to forward their enquiries to the relevant association. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
11、Compliance with a Publicly Available Specification does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 17 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates w
12、hen the document was last issued.PAS 028:2002 BSI 17 May 2002 1 Introduction This Publicly Available Specification specifies the requirements for marine safety helmets for use by occupants of small, fast craft. Wearers need to be made aware that the protection given by a helmet in an accident depend
13、s on the circumstances of the accident and wearing a helmet cannot always prevent death, injury or long-term disability. A proportion of the energy of an impact is absorbed by the helmet thereby reducing the force of the blow sustained by the head. The structure of the helmet may be damaged in absor
14、bing this energy and any helmet that sustains a severe blow needs to be replaced even if damage is not apparent. 1 Scope This Publicly Available Specification specifies the performance requirements and test methods for marine safety helmets intended to be worn by users of small, fast craft. It inclu
15、des the following: construction, including extent of protection; shock absorption properties; penetration resistance; retention system strength and effectiveness; buoyancy; marking and information. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of thi
16、s document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. BS EN 960:1995, Headforms for use in the testing of protective helmets. BS AU 228-1a:2000, Impact tests on road vehicles Specifi
17、cation for measurement techniques and general instrumentation. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Publicly Available Specification the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 shell materials that provide the hard outer form of the helmet 3.2 retention system complete assembly by mea
18、ns of which the helmet is maintained in position on the head, including any devices for adjustment of the system or to enhance the wearers comfort 3.3 chin strap part of the retention system consisting of a strap of material that passes under the wearers chin 3.4 peak extension from the basic form o
19、f that part of the helmet that would come above the eyes of the wearer 3.5 chin cup cup mounted on the retention system to locate the strap on the point of the wearers chin 3.6 visor transparent eye-protector extending over the eyes and all or part of the facePAS 028:2002 2 BSI 17 May 2002 4 Materia
20、ls The helmets shall be constructed from materials that are known not to deteriorate under the following conditions: ageing; exposure to sun; extremes of temperature; exposure to fresh or salt water. Metal parts, for example those used to fasten the chin strap to the shell, either shall be made from
21、 a metal that is known to be resistant to corrosion on exposure to salt water, or shall be protected against corrosion, for example by electro-plating. For those parts of the helmet coming into contact with the skin, materials known not to undergo alteration arising from the effects of sweat and toi
22、letries shall be used. Materials known to cause skin allergies shall not be used. For stitching, thread shall be used that is known to be resistant to rotting when exposed to salt water. 5 Construction 5.1 General The helmet shall comprise a shell with any necessary protective liner secured within i
23、t and shall be fitted with a retention system conforming to 5.4. The shell shall not extend more than 10 mm beyond the protective liner. 5.2 Extent of protection When assessed in accordance with 7.6 the entire edge of the helmet shall extend at least as far as the FF plane (see Figure 1). NOTE The s
24、hell may be pierced by holes to allow ventilation and the draining of water. 5.3 Finish All edges shall be smooth and rounded. There shall be no rigid projections on the inside of the helmet. Any external projection shall not exceed 5 mm and shall be smoothly faired to the adjacent surface. 5.4 Rete
25、ntion system A retention system shall be permanently fixed to the helmet and shall incorporate a chin strap not less than 18 mm wide. Fastening and adjustment devices shall be permanently fitted to adjust and maintain tension in the system. The fastening and adjustment devices shall have no sharp ed
26、ges. NOTE 1 The fastening and adjustment devices may be combined. The retention system shall be such that it can be freed by deliberate action only. The fastening device shall be coloured red or orange or shall have a retro-reflective label affixed to it. NOTE 2 It is permissible for the retention s
27、ystem to include padding or other means of enhancing comfort for the wearer. 5.5 Mass The mass of the helmet excluding accessories shall not exceed 700 g. 5.6 Peak The helmet shall not include an integral peak. If a peak is to be supplied as an accessory, appropriate fixings shall be provided on the
28、 helmet. 5.7 Chin cup If the chin strap includes a chin cup it shall be made from flexible material.PAS 028:2002 BSI 17 May 2002 3 6 Performance requirements 6.1 Shock absorption 6.1.1 Rigid mode test Crown and off-crown impacts When helmets which have been conditioned in accordance with 7.7 are tes
29、ted in accordance with 7.8.1 the force transmitted to the headform shall not exceed 12.5 kN. 6.1.2 Falling headform test Off-crown impacts When helmets which have been conditioned in accordance with 7.7 are tested in accordance with 7.8.2 the deceleration shall not exceed 250g at any time, and the t
30、otal time during which it exceeds 150g shall be not greater than 5 ms. The helmet shall remain on the headform and the retention system shall remain fastened. 6.2 Penetration resistance 6.2.1 Crown penetration When helmets which have been conditioned in accordance with 7.7 are tested in accordance w
31、ith 7.9.3.1 the point of the striker shall not contact the surface of the headform. 6.2.2 Off-crown penetration When helmets which have been conditioned in accordance with 7.7 are tested in accordance with 7.9.3.2 the point of the striker shall not contact the surface of the headform. 6.3 Retention
32、system strength and effectiveness 6.3.1 Retention system strength When helmets which have been conditioned in accordance with 7.7 are tested in accordance with 7.10 the dynamic extension of the chin strap (including slippage of the fastening device), shall not exceed 35 mm and the residual extension
33、, with the weight at rest on the end stop, shall not exceed 25 mm. Damage to the retention system shall not be deemed to be grounds for rejection of the helmet provided that the extension does not exceed the specified limits. NOTE In this test, slippage of the fastening device may be measured and re
34、corded separately from other components of the extension. However, no upper limit for the slippage of the fastening device as a separate parameter is specified in this document. 6.3.2 Retention system effectiveness When tested in accordance with 7.11 the helmet shall remain on the headform. 6.4 Buoy
35、ancy When the helmet is released at the end of the salt water immersion in accordance with 7.7.5, the helmet shall float to the surface of the water. 7 Testing 7.1 Headforms Headforms conforming to BS EN 960:1995 shall be used. The sizes of the headforms used shall be as given in Table 1. Headforms
36、for helmet sizing assessment, determination of extent of protection, marking-out of test area, retention system effectiveness and retention system strength tests shall conform to BS EN 960:1995, 2.3, 2.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3.1 and 4.3.2, as applicable and to BS EN 960:1995, Clause 5 item b). Headforms for
37、 the shock absorption test shall conform to BS EN 960:1995, 2.1, Clause 3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and Clause 5 item b).PAS 028:2002 4 BSI 17 May 2002 Table 1 Sizes of headforms for testing 7.2 Sampling Helmets shall be tested in the condition in which they are offered for sale, including any holes in the she
38、ll (for ventilation and drainage, and for attachment of accessories), any other means of attachment of any accessories provided by the helmet manufacturer (for example a visor), and marking and labelling. No helmet that has been subjected to any test shall be offered for sale or used under any circu
39、mstances. For each helmet type at least 12 helmets shall be tested. These shall comprise three helmets of the largest size, three helmets of the smallest size and one helmet of each other available size. If this gives a total of less than 12 helmets then the remainder shall be selected by the manufa
40、cturer to give a total sample of 12 helmets. The helmets in the sample shall be numbered 1 to 12 in the following order. The three largest helmets shall be numbered 1, 2 and 3; the three smallest helmets shall be numbered 10, 11 and 12; the intermediate sized helmets shall be numbered 4 to 9 in decr
41、easing order of size. 7.3 Test sequence Inspection, pre-test conditioning, and testing shall be carried out in the order shown in Table 2, on helmets from the sample as indicated in Table 2. Helmet size (claimed or actual se eN o t e1 ) Headforms for helmet sizing assessments Headforms for extent of
42、 protection, marking-out and retention system effectiveness Headforms for falling headform shock absorption and retention system strength tests Headforms for rigid mode shock absorption tests Size a Code letter Size a Code letter Size a Code letter Size a Code letter mm mm mm mm mm 500 500 A 500 A 5
43、00 A 510 b B 510 510 B 500 A 500 A 510 B 520 520 C 520 C 500 A 510 B 530 530 D 520 C 500 A 530 D 540 540 E 540 E 540 E 530 D 550 550 F 540 E 540 E 550 F 560 560 G 560 G 540 E 550 F 570 570 J 570 J 570 J 570 J 580 580 K 580 K 570 J 570 J 590 590 L 580 K 570 J 590 L 600 600 M 600 M 600 M 590 L 610 610
44、 N 600 M 600 M 610 N 620 620 O 620 O 620 O 610 N 630 630 P 620 O 620 O 610 N 640 640 Q 640 Q 620 O 610 N NOTE 1 Helmet size is the claimed size in the case of headforms for helmet size assessment and is the actual size, based on the size of headform the helmet is found to fit (see 7.5), in the case
45、of headforms for all other tests. NOTE 2 Headform code letters are as given in BS EN 960:1995. a The headform size is the circumference of the headform measured at the reference plane (see Figure 1). b The headform specified for this test is currently not available in a 500 mm size. The use of a 510
46、 mm headform to test a 500 mm size helmet has been found to be possible and to yield a valid result. However, a user needing a 510 mm size helmet would not be expected to wear a 500 mm size as it would be too tight for comfort.PAS 028:2002 BSI 17 May 2002 5 Table 2 Test sequence 7.4 Assessment of co
47、nstruction The helmet shall be inspected and measured as specified in Table 2 to assess conformity to the requirements specified in Clause 5. The helmet shall be weighed and the mass in grams, rounded off to the nearest 10 g, shall be recorded. For helmets that have been subjected to conditioning by
48、 immersion in salt water (see 7.7.5), after removal from the water the helmet shall be allowed to drain for 5 min to 10 min and then weighed. The mass in grams, rounded off to the nearest 10 g, shall be recorded. NOTE This measurement is required for information only. An upper limit for the mass of
49、the helmet after salt water immersion is not specified in this document. 7.5 Sizing of helmets Each helmet shall be placed on a headform of the size the helmet is claimed to be, as specified in Table 1, and shall be positioned at the attitude at which it would be worn. If the helmet does not fit, the size of headform it does fit shall be determined and the helmet size shall be redesignated accordingly. 7.6 Determination of extent of protection and test area The helmet shall be placed on a headform of the appropriate size on t
