1、raising standards worldwide NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BSI Standards Publication PD CEN/TR 13097:2010 Characterization of sludges Good practice for sludge utilisation in agriculturePD CEN/TR 13097:2010 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Do
2、cument is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 13097:2010. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/5, Sludge characterization. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to in
3、clude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2010 ISBN 978 0 580 68829 4 ICS 13.030.20; 65.080 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of th
4、e Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2010 Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD CEN/TR 13097:2010TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 13097 June 2010 ICS 13.030.20 Supersedes CR 13097:2001 English Version Characterization of sludges - Good
5、practice for sludge utilisation in agriculture Caractrisation des boues - Bonne pratique pour la valorisation des boues en agriculture Charakterisierung von Schlmmen - Leitfaden fr die Verfahrensweise bei der Verwendung von Schlmmen in der Landwirtschaft This Technical Report was approved by CEN on
6、9 February 2010. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 308. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembou
7、rg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights
8、of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 13097:2010: EPD CEN/TR 13097:2010 CEN/TR 13097:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Requirements .5 4.1 General 5 4.2 Preliminary p
9、rocedures .6 4.2.1 General 6 4.2.2 National regulations 6 4.2.3 Voluntary agreements .6 4.2.4 Quality assurance 6 4.2.5 Strategic evaluation .7 4.2.6 Sludge quality 8 4.2.7 Sludge type .9 4.2.8 Design of the sludge utilisation programme 9 4.3 Quality control (including environmental and agronomic da
10、ta) .9 4.3.1 Process control 9 4.3.2 Sludge sampling and analysis .9 4.3.3 Maintenance of sludge quality 11 4.3.4 Soil sampling and analysis 11 4.4 Assuring hygiene when sludges are used in agriculture . 12 4.4.1 General . 12 4.4.2 Hygiene control by application and relating sludge type to land use
11、. 13 4.5 Operation . 13 4.5.1 General . 13 4.5.2 Communication strategy and public relations 13 4.5.3 Operational planning 14 4.5.4 Storage . 14 4.5.5 Delivery 15 4.5.6 Application techniques 15 4.5.7 Nutrient management, application rate and times 17 4.5.8 Data recording . 18 4.5.9 Additional guida
12、nce to customers 18 4.6 Promotion of agricultural use 18 4.6.1 General . 18 4.6.2 Market development . 19 4.6.3 Agronomic support. 19 4.6.4 Marketing and selling procedures 19 4.7 Support procedures 20 4.7.1 Quality assurance . 20 4.7.2 Continuous improvement 20 4.7.3 Data and record keeping 20 Anne
13、x A (informative) Guides of good practice for use and disposal of sludges. 22 Bibliography . 23 PD CEN/TR 13097:2010 CEN/TR 13097:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 13097:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 308 “Characterisation of sludges”, the secretariat of which is held
14、by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CR 13097:2001. This document gives recommendations
15、for good practice but existing national regulations remain in force. PD CEN/TR 13097:2010 CEN/TR 13097:2010 (E) 4 1 Scope This Technical Report describes good practice for the use of sludges in agriculture (where national regulations permit). It is applicable to all of the sludges described in the s
16、cope of CEN/TC 308 (and any of the forms in which they may be presented - liquid, dewatered, dried, composted, etc.) i.e. sludges from: storm water handling; night soil; urban wastewater collecting systems; urban wastewater treatment plants; treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater
17、 (as defined in Directive 91/271/EC 1); water supply treatment plants; but excluding hazardous sludges from industry. Such sludges may be used on land as a source of plant nutrients, and/or soil improver, and/or alkaline amendment for crop production. Despite differences in the statutory controls be
18、tween sewage sludge and other sludges, the use of all types of sludge should follow good practice to maximise benefits for the crops or soils, to minimise potential risks of environmental contamination and adverse impacts on plant, animal and human health, and to ensure sustainability, energy effici
19、ency and cost-effectiveness. Sludge producers should be aware that if a sludge is used as a fertilising or alkaline amendment, national or EU fertiliser or liming regulations may apply. The document assumes that an evaluation of sludge utilisation has already been made, and a decision was taken that
20、 use of sludge within a land spreading policy is the best option. For evaluation and decisions for use of sludges, other documents have been developed (see CR 13714, CR 13846). Many countries and/or local administrations have regulations and/or standards and/or codes of practice applicable to the us
21、e of some of the types of sludge that are within the scope of this Technical Report, however it cannot, and does not, attempt to summarise or take account of these regulations, etc. because of their very wide range. It is thus essential that this Technical Report is read in the context of the condit
22、ions that prevail locally. NOTE Adoption in France in 2002 of a standard for standardized composts containing substances from wastewater treatment NF U44-095: Organic soil improvers Composts containing substances useful for agriculture, stemming from water treatment. 2 Normative references The follo
23、wing referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1085:2007, Wastewater treatment Vocabulary EN 12832:199
24、9, Characterization of sludges Utilisation and disposal of sludges Vocabulary CEN/TR 15809, Characterization of sludges Hygienic aspects Treatments PD CEN/TR 13097:2010 CEN/TR 13097:2010 (E) 5 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1085:2007,
25、 EN 12832:1999 and the following apply. 3.1 potentially toxic substances (PTS) substances which, when present in excess and in forms that are available to the subject in question, can be toxic (CEN/TR 15584) 3.2 BPEO best practicable environmental option 4 Requirements 4.1 General The purpose of thi
26、s Technical Report is to assist sludge utilisation operations to: a) achieve compliance with 86/278/EEC and other environmental legislation or codes of good practice which are relevant to the type and use of sludge or to the location of operations; b) gain and maintain the confidence of users, autho
27、rities responsible for monitoring regulatory compliance, food purchasing and/or processing companies and third parties which (amongst others) include members of the public (particularly those local to where the sludge is applied); c) make maximum use of the valuable constituents in the sludge; d) ha
28、ve a long term sustainable solution with minimum cost and maximum benefit to the environment consistent with the above. Considerations of treatment, source control of pollutants and preparation of sludges are discussed in CEN/TR 13714, CEN/TR 15473 and CEN/TR 15809. The widely recognised waste manag
29、ement hierarchy recommends, in general, the utilisation of sludge as preferable to disposal options such as landfill. Where agricultural land is available and conveniently accessible, this is usually the best practicable environmental option. Sludges usually contain nutrients, organic matter and tra
30、ce elements, which are beneficial to the growth of crops (including energy crops and grass) and to the fertility, structure and/or texture of soils. They are therefore valued by farmers. Sludges may contain contaminants, and/or pathogens, and may be odorous. Consequently, the whole process (from sou
31、rce control of potential pollutants, through sludge treatment, to sludge application and the way the land is farmed) should be controlled to avoid adverse impacts on the environment, or on plant, animal and human health. Such safe controlled use of sludge on land can be considered a component of sus
32、tainable development. Many European countries have developed guidelines and regulations for the safe use of sewage sludge. These have been placed on a common statutory basis in the European Union through the implementation of the EU Directive 86/278/EEC which requires certain limit values for PTSs i
33、n soil and sludge. Other EU legislation encourages the utilisation of suitable industrial sludges on land provided measures are taken to avoid endangering human health or harming the environment (91/156/EEC 3 amending Directive 75/442/EEC on waste). However, unlike the situation for sewage sludge, t
34、here is little detailed information available and there is less legislative control for these other sludges. In the past the emphasis has been on preventing chemical pollution, but whilst this is still essential, the modern agenda also includes hygiene PD CEN/TR 13097:2010 CEN/TR 13097:2010 (E) 6 (C
35、EN/TR 15809), and the need to demonstrate safety through quality assurance and independent validation. European legislation has effectively eliminated many hazardous substances from products and the environment. The REACH programme 4 continues the control on hazardous substances at source. In order
36、to establish and maintain cost-effective, safe and sustainable operations using sludge in agriculture, certain procedures should be established for effective operational management, to meet legal requirements and to address the concerns of stakeholders. This document has been constructed in an order
37、 that attempts to reflect the logical steps of a successful (which also means sustainable) sludge utilisation operation. It starts with the initial steps in designing an operation, and then considers the quality control, design, etc., before moving on to the day-to-day operations. Although marketing
38、 (finding outlets) and support are also continuing activities they are treated in separate sections because they are general and not particular to each individual outlet. Despite this linear structure, continuous improvement is recognised as an important component, which therefore implies the cycle
39、of design, operate, review, refine, operate, review, etc. 4.2 Preliminary procedures 4.2.1 General This section discusses the more significant procedures and considerations for setting up a new programme to use sludge in agriculture or modifying an existing one. These would include understanding the
40、 relevant regulations within which the sludge is used, the quantity of the sludge, the quality of the sludge, whether there are programmes for ensuring sludge quality, and whether there would be demand for the sludge; including whether there are competing materials, e.g. animal manure or compost and
41、 biogas residues of other materials. 4.2.2 National regulations In the case of sewage sludge, national regulations set quality standards for the receiving soil and may set standards for the sludge. The specific values and combinations of control mechanisms vary between countries, and a combination o
42、f sludge, waste management, water and general agricultural and environmental regulations may apply. Few countries have comprehensive regulations to control all sludges that may have similar environmental impacts. Those using sludges should make themselves aware of the regulations that apply in the a
43、reas where they are working. CEN/TC 308 has compared and discussed different sludge treatment operating parameters in CR 13846. 4.2.3 Voluntary agreements In some countries, some sludge producers have gone beyond national regulations by voluntarily entering agreements with interested parties (such a
44、s food retailers and processors, farmers and landowners). These agreements have addressed the question of perception and increased the acceptance of using sludge in agriculture. Any applications of sludge should be consistent with these agreements. 4.2.4 Quality assurance It is recommended that ther
45、e should be a quality assurance system for the whole process from source control of potential pollutants, through sludge treatment and spreading, and finally to how the land is farmed. To prove transparency and ensure the confidence of stakeholders, it is desirable that this is validated by an indep
46、endent audit. PD CEN/TR 13097:2010 CEN/TR 13097:2010 (E) 7 The principal criteria should include: a) sludge quality, particularly: control of potential pollutants from point sources; sampling and analysis strategy to monitor sludge quality (PTSs, pathogens and its fermentability (i.e. potential to p
47、roduce bad odours); treatment of sludge. b) soil quality, particularly: a soil sampling strategy to monitor soil quality for the concentrations of specified PTSs, often in relation to certain soil conditions, such as pH, soil type and content of organic matter and/or cation exchange capacity, in ord
48、er that limit values are not exceeded. c) sludge application rate, particularly: average quantity of PTSs that can be applied to the land and over what period, usually in terms of kg PTS/hay (or multiple of years), or mg PTS/kg nutrients; amount of sludge dry solids that can be applied per year or m
49、ultiple of years; quantity of nutrients which can be applied in accordance with the content of soil and the need of crops grown; timing of and method of applying the sludge and after-use of the land and crops; these are generally designed to protect animals and food consumers from pathogen transfer, and/or conserve plant nutrients, and/or reduce the risk of run-off. It is a general legal requiremen
