1、BSI Standards Publication Study Report on Electromagnetic Interference between Electrical Equipment/Systems in the Frequency Range Below 150 kHz PD CLC/TR 50627:2015National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of CLC/TR50627:2015. The UK participation in its preparation was ent
2、rusted to Technical Committee PEL/205, Mains signalling. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The
3、British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 85332 6 ICS 33.100.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee
4、on 31 December 2015. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CLC/TR 50627:2015 TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CLC/TR 50627 November 2015 ICS 33.100.01 English Version Study Report on Electromagnetic Interference between Electric
5、al Equipment/Systems in the Frequency Range Below 150 kHz Rapport dtude sur les perturbations lectromagntiques entre les quipements / systmes lectriques entre eux dans la plage des frquences infrieure 150 kHZ Studienbericht ber elektromagnetische Interferenz zwischen elektrische Betriebsmittel/Syste
6、me im Frequenzbereich unter 150 kHz This Technical Report was approved by CENELEC on 2015-11-02. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
7、Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normali
8、sation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. CLC/TR 50627:2015 E PD CLC/TR 50627:2015CLC/
9、TR 50627:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 General 6 3 The frequency range from 2 kHz to 150 kHz . 8 3.1 Challenges in terms of EMI . 8 3.2 Frequency utilization . 10 3.3 The impact of voltage / current shapes . 12 3.4 Interaction of equipment . 16 4 Emissions,
10、measurement and test results 16 4.1 General 16 4.2 Noise measured in a block of flats 17 4.3 Lighting equipment . 17 4.3.1 General 17 4.3.2 Compact lamps 17 4.3.3 Fluorescent lamps . 18 4.3.4 LEDs 19 4.4 Portable mains powered tools 20 4.5.1 General 21 4.5.2 Austrian lab tests on inverters . 22 4.5.
11、3 Active Infeed Converters 22 4.5.4 PV inverters 24 4.5.5 Italian lab and field measurements 25 4.5.6 Power electronics in an Intelligent Distribution Station 27 4.6 Power supplies. 28 4.6.1 General 28 4.6.2 Power supply with PLC signal on DC side 28 4.6.3 Power supply of a TV receiver 28 4.6.5 Powe
12、r supplies in communication technology 29 4.7 Other equipment Rectifier in a cell tower . 31 5 EMI cases, measurement and test results 32 5.1 General 32 5.2 EMI due to conducted emissions . 33 5.2.1 EMI to lighting equipment . 33 5.2.2 EMI to electricity meters . 33 5.2.3 EMI to mains communicating
13、systems (MCS) 34 5.2.4 EMI to medical equipment 50 6 Standardization for the frequency range 2 kHz to 150 kHz. Conformity and time . 57 6.1 Standardization situation 57 6.2 Conformity and time 62 7 Options for improved safeguarding EMC . 62 7.1 For equipment / systems in general 62 7.1.1 Filter appl
14、ication 62 7.1.2 Move from PLC to RF 63 7.1.3 Frequency allocation management 63 7.1.4 Move to broadband lines 64 7.1.5 Notching on transmitter side vs. selectivity on receiver side . 65 7.2 For PLC in particular Move to higher frequencies. 67 8 Conclusions . 69 PD CLC/TR 50627:2015CLC/TR 50627:2015
15、 (E) 3 9 Recommendations . 74 Annex A (informative) Acronyms and abbreviations . 77 Bibliography . 80 PD CLC/TR 50627:2015CLC/TR 50627:2015 (E) 4 European foreword This document (CLC/TR 50627:2015) has been prepared by CLC/SC 205A “Mains communicating systems“. Attention is drawn to the possibility
16、that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Asso
17、ciation. This Technical Report provides useful information for standards related to the following European Mandate(s): M/441, M/490. This Technical Report is based on the Study Report “Electromagnetic Interference between Electrical Equipment / Systems in the Frequency Range below 150 kHz” of SC 205
18、A (SC 205A/Sec0339/R:April 2013) (second edition) 1b, with some update according to the developments that have taken place since. PD CLC/TR 50627:2015CLC/TR 50627:2015 (E) 5 Introduction In April 2010, CLC/SC 205A 1)published their first Study Report on “Electromagnetic Interference between Electric
19、al Equipment in the Frequency Range below 150 kHz” 1a. Related studies had been made and information gathered due to first cases of EM interference, with Touch-dimmer lamps (TDLs) as an EMI victim, an inverter as an EMI source, and automated meter reading systems using powerline communication (AMR-
20、PLC) figuring as EMI victims as well as sources. Following this first CLC/SC 205A Study Report, its second edition 1b and, based on it, this Technical Report aims at: a) highlighting the broad relevance of recognized electromagnetic interference for safeguarding EMC also in the frequency range 2 kHz
21、 150 kHz; b) extending knowledge about: 1) EMI cases having been observed between electrical equipment in the frequency range 2 kHz to 150 kHz, with an emphasis on interference between: i) electrical equipment and its non-intentional emissions (NIE); ii) mains communicating systems (MCS) using (powe
22、rline communication) PLC technology with intentional signal injection for the transmission of information over the electricity supply network; 2) different mechanisms causing interference to electrical equipment due to non-intentional or intentional voltage/current components in the considered frequ
23、ency range; as a basis for evaluating the need for closing the recognized gap in standardization as highlighted in the first edition, and considering the recent developments; that: c) without evaluating certain types of electrical equipment concerning applied technology or priority; d) and with rega
24、rd to: 1) problems having occurred with operational equipment of distribution network operators (DNOs), in particular related to smart metering and smart grids control and monitoring equipment; 2) complaints by network users to deliverers and subsequently by deliverers to DNOs or by network users di
25、rectly to their DNO, about degradation or loss of function of certain electrical equipment; 3) in both cases network users as well as deliverers are primarily annoyed by the troubles they are experiencing with electrical equipment they have traded or bought, trusting in its interference-free operabi
26、lity, which they expect due to the CE mark. This TR is based on: e) reports on EMI cases and, following related complaints, investigations performed by an accredited test house, universities, DNOs, manufacturers and consultants; f) measurements performed by an accredited test house, universities, DN
27、Os, manufacturers and consultants. In both cases to extend knowledge of emissions from different equipment in the considered frequency range, in case of the occurrence of EMI: 1) to identify the actual interference source; 2) to clarify the interference mechanism; 3) to evaluate mitigation measures;
28、 g) the present standardization situation and its actual development. 1) CLC/SC 205A Mains communicating systems. PD CLC/TR 50627:2015CLC/TR 50627:2015 (E) 6 1 Scope This Technical Report is based on two Study Reports of CLC/SC 205A, having been worked out by their Task Force EMI 1a1b and provides t
29、he results and findings of these documents. It was created with the help and input from a broad range of involved stakeholders: network operators, equipment manufacturers, universities, accredited test houses and consultants. Beside the actual standardization situation it reflects the current emissi
30、on situation found in supply networks and installations and describes electromagnetic interference (EMI) cases from twelve countries; investigation and analysis of the latter show a wide range of different types of electrical devices to be considered as a source or a victim of related EMI. This Tech
31、nical Report highlights the occurrence of high levels of non-intentional emissions (NIE) in the considered frequency range, including values up to and exceeding the standardized limits for intentional signals from mains communicating systems (MCS), which also implies a high potential to cause EMI to
32、 other electrical equipment. On the other hand, several types of equipment show susceptibility to related emissions, being insufficiently immune. The Technical Report addresses the following issues: a number of different types of electrical equipment are generating such emissions and/or are suscepti
33、ble, to such, thus representing EMI potential, as a source or a victim of such EMI; the interaction of electrical equipment in a certain supply area respectively installation, with its complex and volatile impedance character, as having an additional EMI potential; that besides NIE from general elec
34、trical equipment and signals from MCS and technically being quite different from emissions; the fact that besides the conducted interference also radiated interference from NIE or signals from MCS, through the magnetic H-field following to related currents on the mains, is to be considered, what is
35、of some importance also for the interference-free operation of broadcast time-signal systems or electronic circuits controlled by such; the ageing of electronic components in electric equipment, which causes increased emissions and EMI to other electrical equipment as a result of not showing the sam
36、e EMC characteristics as before being placed on the market, therefore no longer being able to conform with EMC requirements; the additional aspect of differential mode operation, which should be considered for related immunity and testing specifications. These findings confirm that EMI in this frequ
37、ency range is not limited to single types of equipment like inverters or MCS; instead a more general electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problem concerning a larger spectrum of electrical equipment is identified. Although a case-by-case mitigation of related EMI cases might be seen as appropriate, t
38、he increasing application of technologies and systems with related EMI potential requires a more general solution, through standardization, taking a balanced viewpoint of EMC and economics into account. With regard to the actual standardization situation, a review of the actual EMC and Product stand
39、ards based on the reported results seems to be advisable. After initiating the work in CLC/SC 205A, the now ongoing work in IEC SC 77A, as well as the publication of a related Technical Report on testing electricity meters 2 by CLC/TC 13 and of the new Immunity testing standard EN 61000-4-19 99, app
40、ear as right steps into the right direction but needing further, extended efforts. As stated on European as well as on international EMC standardization level, the availability of compatibility levels for the considered frequency range appears as a key-requirement for future considerations on settin
41、g related emission limits and immunity requirements in various standards. A fundamental basis for the co- existence of intentional signals from MCS and NIE needs to be found. 2 General When talking about EMI in the frequency range 2 kHz to 150 kHz it is appropriate to highlight the development of el
42、ectricity application respectively the use of the electricity supply network during the past decades, which is characteristic for the todays given situation; this development has led to: PD CLC/TR 50627:2015CLC/TR 50627:2015 (E) 7 a) a thorough increase of comfort in the application of electrical en
43、ergy, including the realization of some energy saving effects, in particular through the application of power electronics, and with that, a somehow changed use of the electricity supply network; b) the deployment of smart metering, in Europe using in the large majority of cases PLC for data transmis
44、sion, with at present: 1) more than 50 m PLC endpoints in Europe, from some ten thousand AMR-PLC in Austria to 36 m in Italy; 2) an expected amount of such smart meters of around 85 m by 2013, 155 m smart meters by the end of 2016 and 250 m smart meters by the end of 2020 3, 4; 3) an intermediate st
45、atus of related projects from beginning of rollout (Spain) to 99 % (Italy); c) a further extended use of the supply network for operational electricity suppliers information transmission purposes, in particular with regard to the intended deployment of smart metering and smart grid solutions 5, 6, c
46、omprising the installation of about 200 m smart meters in the next 5 years 7 years with a cumulative investment of up to 40 bn for smart meters and about 280 bn for other measures to realize smart grids 7; that technically accompanied by the superposition of additional voltage components on the prac
47、tically pure sine wave of the mains voltage. As a consequence, dependant on the different types of connected equipment/systems at a certain time, apparatus/systems using electric energy; distributed generation units (DGU) with its ancillary systems; MCS; the original sine wave of the supply develops
48、 towards a somehow different shape, which shall be considered for its possibly disturbing effect on the operation of electrical equipment; with regard to the different types of such emissions, figuring as disturbances causing EMI, i.e. intentional emissions, i.e. signals; non-intentional emissions o
49、r a combination of both ones; and following to the cumulative effect of the additional voltage components, for ensuring EMC, the need for appropriate setting of compatibility levels as well as of emission limits and immunity requirements (see also 64) is given. Apart from the technical aspects, but connected with it to a certain extent, several EU Directives and Standardization Mandates (see e.g. 5 12) figure as a background for these changes in the use of electricity supply networks. This has also b
