1、BSI Standards Publication Electromagnetic performance of high voltage direct current (HVDC) overhead transmission lines PD IEC/TR 62681:2014National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC/TR 62681:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Comm
2、ittee PEL/22, Power electronics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Instit
3、ution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 71923 3 ICS 29.240.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2014. Amend
4、ments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD IEC/TR 62681:2014 IEC TR 62681 Edition 1.0 2014-08 TECHNICAL REPORT Electromagnetic performance of high voltage direct current (HVDC) overhead transmission lines INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION XD ICS 29.240
5、20 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-8322-1780-1 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside PD IEC/TR 62681:2014 2 IEC TR 62681:2014 IEC 2014 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 6 INTRODUCTION . 8 1 S
6、cope 9 2 Terms and definitions 9 3 Electric field and ion current 10 3.1 Description of the physical phenomena . 10 3.2 Calculation methods . 13 3.2.1 General . 13 3.2.2 Semi-analytic method 14 3.2.3 Finite element method . 16 3.2.4 BPA method 17 3.2.5 Empirical methods of EPRI 18 3.2.6 Recent progr
7、ess 18 3.3 Experimental data . 19 3.3.1 General . 19 3.3.2 Instrumentation and measurement methods . 19 3.3.3 Experimental results for electric field and ion current . 21 3.3.4 Discussion . 21 3.4 Implication for human and natural environment . 22 3.4.1 General . 22 3.4.2 Static electric field . 23
8、3.4.3 Research on space charge 23 3.4.4 Scientific review 28 3.5 Design practice of different countries 29 4 Magnetic field 30 4.1 Description of physical phenomena . 30 4.2 Magnetic field of HVDC transmission lines 31 5 Radio interference (radio noise) . 32 5.1 Description of radio interference phe
9、nomena of HVDC transmission system . 32 5.1.1 General . 32 5.1.2 Physical aspects of d.c. corona . 32 5.1.3 Mechanism of formation of a noise field of d.c. line 33 5.1.4 Characteristics of radio interference from d.c. line . 33 5.1.5 Factors influencing the RI from d.c. line . 34 5.2 Calculation met
10、hods . 36 5.2.1 EPRI empirical formula 36 5.2.2 IREQ empirical method 37 5.2.3 CISPR bipolar line RI prediction formula 38 5.2.4 Comparison of different prediction formula . 38 5.3 Experimental data . 38 5.3.1 Measurement apparatus and methods . 38 5.3.2 Experimental results for radio interference .
11、 39 5.4 Criteria of different countries . 39 6 Audible noise . 40 6.1 Basic principles of audible noise . 40 6.2 Description of physical phenomena . 41 PD IEC/TR 62681:2014IEC TR 62681:2014 IEC 2014 3 6.2.1 Lateral profiles . 42 6.2.2 Statistical distribution 44 6.2.3 Influencing factors . 45 6.2.4
12、Effect of altitude above sea level . 47 6.2.5 Concluding remarks . 47 6.3 Calculation methods . 48 6.3.1 General . 48 6.3.2 Theoretical analysis of audible noise propagation 48 6.3.3 Empirical formulas of audible noise . 49 6.3.4 Semi-empirical formulas of audible noise . 49 6.3.5 CEPRI (China) rese
13、arch results . 52 6.3.6 Concluding remarks . 52 6.4 Experimental data . 52 6.4.1 Measurement techniques and instrumentation . 52 6.4.2 Experimental results for audible noise . 53 6.5 Design practice of different countries 53 6.5.1 General . 53 6.5.2 The effect of audible noise on people 53 6.5.3 The
14、 audible noise level and induced complaints 54 6.5.4 Limit values of audible noise of HVDC transmission lines in different countries . 57 6.5.5 Recommended noise level limit 58 6.5.6 Main conclusion . 58 Annex A (informative) Experimental results for electric field and ion current. 59 A.1 Bonneville
15、 Power Administration 500 kV HVDC transmission line 59 A.2 FURNAS 600 kV HVDC transmission line 59 A.3 Manitoba Hydro 450 kV HVDC transmission line . 60 A.4 Hydro-Qubec New England 450 kV HVDC transmission line . 62 A.5 IREQ test line study of 450 kV HVDC line configuration 63 A.6 HVTRC test line st
16、udy of 400 kV HVDC line configuration . 64 A.7 Test study in China . 66 Annex B (informative) Experimental results for radio interference 68 B.1 Bonneville power administrations 1 100 kV direct current test project . 68 B.1.1 General . 68 B.1.2 Lateral profile 68 B.1.3 Influence of conductor gradien
17、t 69 B.1.4 Percent cumulative distribution 70 B.1.5 Influence of wind . 72 B.1.6 Spectrum . 72 B.2 Hydro-Qubec institute of research . 74 B.2.1 General . 74 B.2.2 Cumulative distribution 74 B.2.3 Spectrum . 75 B.2.4 Lateral profiles . 75 B.2.5 Cumulative distribution under different voltage 76 B.3 d
18、c. line of China . 76 Annex C (informative) Experimental results for audible noise . 78 Bibliography 81 PD IEC/TR 62681:2014 4 IEC TR 62681:2014 IEC 2014 Figure 1 Unipolar and bipolar space charge regions of a HVDC transmission line 1 . 11 Figure 2 Lateral profile of magnetic field on the ground of
19、 800 kV HVDC lines . 32 Figure 3 The corona current and radio interference field 33 Figure 4 RI tolerance tests: reception quality as a function of signal-to-noise ratio . 40 Figure 5 Attenuation of different weighting networks used in audible-noise measurements 14 . 41 Figure 6 Comparison of typica
20、l audible noise frequency spectra 129 42 Figure 7 Lateral profiles of the AN . 43 Figure 8 Lateral profiles of the AN from a bipolar HVDC-line equipped with 8 4,6 cm (8 1,8 in) conductor bundles energized with 1 050 kV 32 43 Figure 9 Lateral profiles of fair-weather A-weighted sound level . 44 Figur
21、e 10 All weather distribution of AN and RI at +15 m lateral distance of the positive pole from the upgraded Pacific NW/SW HVDC Intertie 32 45 Figure 11 Statistical distributions of fair weather Aweighted sound level measured at 27 m lateral distance from the line center during spring 1980 45 Figure
22、12 Audible noise complaint guidelines 12 54 Figure 13 Measured lateral profile of audible noise on a 330 kV AC transmission line 149 . 55 Figure 14 Subjective evaluation of d.c. transmission line audible noise; EPRI test center study 1974 31 55 Figure 15 Subjective evaluation of d.c. transmission li
23、ne audible noise; OSU study 1975 31 56 Figure 16 Results of the operators subjective evaluation of AN from HVDC lines 57 Figure 17 Results of subjective evaluation of AN from d.c. lines . 57 Figure A.1 Electric field and ion current distributions for Manitoba Hydro 450 kV Line 37 . 61 Figure A.2 Cum
24、ulative distribution of electric field for Manitoba Hydro 450 kV Line 37 62 Figure A.3 Cumulative distribution of ion current density for Manitoba Hydro 450 kV line 37 62 Figure A.4 Test result for total electric field at different humidity 117 . 67 Figure A.5 Comparison between the calculation resu
25、lt and test result for the total electric field (minimum conductor height is 18 m) 117 . 67 Figure B.1 Connection for 3-section d.c. test line 121 68 Figure B.2 Typical RI lateral profile at 600kV, 4 30,5 mm conductor, 11,2 m pole spacing, 15,2 m average height 12 . 69 Figure B.3 Simultaneous RI lat
26、eral, midspan, in clear weather and light wind for three configurations, bipolar 400 kV 121 69 Figure B.4 RI at 834kHz as a function of bipolar line voltage 4 30,5 mm conductor, 11,2 m pole spacing, 15,2 m average height . 70 Figure B.5 Percent cumulative distribution for fair weather, 2 46 mm, 18,3
27、 m pole spacing, 600 kV 70 Figure B.6 Percent cumulative distribution for rain weather, 2 46 mm, 18,3 m pole spacing, 600 kV 71 Figure B.7 Percent cumulative distribution for fair weather, 4 30,5 mm, 13,2 m pole spacing, 600 kV 71 PD IEC/TR 62681:2014IEC TR 62681:2014 IEC 2014 5 Figure B.8 Percent c
28、umulative distribution for rain weather, 4 30,5 mm, 13,2 m pole spacing, 600 kV 72 Figure B.9 Radio interference frequency spectrum . 73 Figure B.10 RI vs. frequency at 400 kV 121 . 73 Figure B.11 Cumulative distribution of RI measured at 15 m from the positive pole 122 . 74 Figure B.12 Conducted RI
29、 frequency spectrum measured with the line terminated at one end 122 75 Figure B.13 Lateral profile of RI 122 76 Figure B.14 Annual cumulative distribution of RI measured at 15 m from the positive pole 122 . 76 Figure B.15 Comparison between calculation result and test result for RI lateral profile
30、117 77 Figure C.1 Examples of statistical distributions of fair weather audible noise. dB(A) measured at 27 m from line center of a bipolar HVDC test line 14 . 79 Table 1 Electric field and ion current limits of 800 kV d.c. lines in China 30 Table 2 Electric field limits of d.c. lines in United Stat
31、es of America 119 30 Table 3 Electric field and ion current limits of d.c. lines in Canada . 30 Table 4 Electric field limits of d.c. lines in Brazil . 30 Table 5 Parameters of the IREQ excitation function 120 38 Table 6 Comparison of the EPRI and CISPR formula . 38 Table 7 Parameters defining regre
32、ssion equation for generated acoustic power density 51 Table 8 Typical sound attenuation (in decibels) provided by buildings 155 . 58 Table A.1 BPA 500 kV line: statistical summary of all-weather ground-level electric field intensity and ion current density 32 . 59 Table A.2 FURNAS 600 kV line: stat
33、istical summary of ground-level electric field intensity and ion current density 36 . 60 Table A.3 Hydro-QubecNew England 450 kV HVDC transmission line. Bath, NH; 1990-1992 (fair weather), 1992 (rain), All-season measurements of static electric E- field in kV/m 39 . 63 Table A.4 Hydro-Qubec New Engl
34、and 450 kV HVDC Transmission Line. Bath, NH; 1990-1992, All-season fair-weather measurements of ion concentrations in kions/cm 3 39 63 Table A.5 IREQ 450 kV test line: statistical summary of ground-level electric field intensity and ion current density 41 . 64 Table A.6 HVTRC 400 kV test line: stati
35、stical summary of peak electric field and ion currents 42 . 65 Table A.7 Statistic results for the test data of total electric field at ground (50 % value) 117 . 66 Table B.1 Influence of wind on RI 72 Table B.2 Statistical representation of the long term RI performance of the tested conductor bundl
36、e 122 . 75 Table B.3 RI at 0,5 MHz at lateral 20m from positive pole (fair weather) 77 Table C.1 Audible Noise Levels of HVDC Lines according to 119 and 150 . 80 PD IEC/TR 62681:2014 6 IEC TR 62681:2014 IEC 2014 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ ELECTROMAGNETIC PERFORMANCE OF HIGH VOLTAGE
37、DIRECT CURRENT (HVDC) OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation
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49、technical committee 115: High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission for d.c. voltages above 100 kV. The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 115/71/DTR 115/84/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can b
