1、BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS PL 4:2005 Properties of unsaturated polyester resins for low pressure laminating of high strength fibre reinforced composites Specification ICS 59.100; 83.120 BS PL 4:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strateg
2、y Committee on 8 June 2005 BSI 8 June 2005 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ACE/65 Draft for comment 04/30115926 DC ISBN 0 580 45899 7 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Techn
3、ical Committee ACE/65, Inspection and testing requirements for non-metallic materials, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Hydromechanics Research Group British Plastics Federation Society of British Aerospace Companies Ltd. Co-opted members The following bodies were also repre
4、sented in the drafting of this standard, through panel ACE/65/-/64, Structural reinforced plastic: Defence Science and Technology Laboratory Co-opted members Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affectedBS PL 4:2005 BSI 8 June 2005 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside fron
5、t cover Foreword ii 1S c o p e 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 1 4 Material 2 5 Properties 2 6 Quality of material 4 7 Marking, labelling and packaging 4 Annex A (normative) Preparation of laminates 5 Table 1 Physical properties of the resin and resin system 2 Table 2 Mechanical p
6、roperties of laminates 3 Table 3 Electrical properties 3BS PL 4:2005 ii BSI 8 June 2005 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of ACE/65/-/64. With BS PL 5, this document supersedes DTD 5537A, January 1981, which was declared obsolescent by the Ministry of Defence from
7、1st April 1999. Test methods associated with this specification are published separately as BS PL 5. This British Standard calls for the use of substances and/or procedures that may be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and does not abs
8、olve the user from legal obligations relating to health and safety at any stage. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself
9、confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.BS PL 4:2005 BSI 8 June 2005 1 1 Scope
10、This British Standard specifies requirements for unsaturated polyester-type synthetic resins (modified or unmodified), with a suitable curing agent for use in the impregnation of high strength glass fibre capable of moulding at low pressure during the curing process. NOTE Modified resins may contain
11、 constituents such as thixotropic agents, fire retardants, pigments and fillers. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the reference cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
12、 referenced document (including any amendments) applies. BS 1595, Propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol) for industrial use. BS 3396-3, Woven glass fibre fabrics for plastics reinforcement Part 3: Specification for finished fabrics for use with polyester resin systems. BS ISO 1817 (BS 903-A16), Rubber, vul
13、canized Determination of the effect of liquids. BS PL 5, Unsaturated polyester resins for low pressure laminating of high strength fibre reinforced composites Test methods. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 low-pressure
14、moulding process in which the applied pressure during the curing operation is within the range of 0 to 1.4 MPa 3.2 unsaturated polyester resin solution of styrene (or other reactive monomer or mixture of monomers) of a polymer in which the structural units are linked by ester groupings obtained by c
15、ondensation of one or more polycarboxylic acids (and if desired a minor portion of a monocarboxylic acid) with one or more polyhydric alcohols (and if desired a minor proportion of a monohydric alcohol). At least one of the acids or alcohols is ethylenically unsaturated 3.3 curing agent additive suc
16、h as a catalyst and/or an accelerator added to the base resin to enhance the rate of curing 3.4 resin system resin catalyst and/or accelerator mixed in ratios as specified within the manufacturers controlled documentation 3.5 storage life shelf life time period at a specified temperature under which
17、 the resin/curing agents, stored in their original unopened containers when tested will meet the requirements of this specification 3.6 pot life time period between mixing the resin and the resin setting to a soft gel, during which the resin is in a workable state 3.7 curing cycle time/temperature/p
18、ressure application profile, including rate of heat up and cool down as specified within the manufacturers controlled documentationBS PL 4:2005 2 BSI 8 June 2005 4 Material 4.1 Manufacturing control The resin shall be formulated and manufactured to issue-controlled documentation, which shall form pa
19、rt of the contract between purchaser and manufacturer. Changes to the formulation or manufacturing process shall not be made without due consideration being given that the modified material meets all the requirements of the standard. 4.2 Grades and options The resin shall be supplied as: Grade M, fo
20、r use where mechanical properties only are of primary importance; or Grade E, for use where both mechanical and electrical properties are of primary importance. 4.3 Classification and coding Each grade of resin shall be classified according to maximum service temperature. Class MA and EA, for use at
21、 temperatures not exceeding 70 C. Class MB and EB, for use at temperatures not exceeding 90 C. Class MC and EC, for use at temperatures not exceeding 150 C. Class MD and ED, for use at temperatures not exceeding 200 C. Class MF and EF, for use at temperatures not exceeding 260 C. 5 Properties 5.1 Re
22、sin and resin system physical and mechanical properties The resin and resin system shall meet the requirements specified in Table 1 when tested in accordance with BS PL 5. The manufacturer shall specify: a) the proportions of individual constituents within the catalysed resin system; b) the mixing s
23、equence; and c) the maximum pot life of the catalysed resin at an ambient temperature of 25 C. The resin shall meet the requirements of Table 1 when stored in its original sealed tin at a maximum temperature of 25 C for a time period specified by the manufacturer. The resin shall meet the requiremen
24、ts of Table 1 when stored in its original sealed tin at a maximum temperature of 40 C for a time period specified by the manufacturer. Table 1 Physical properties of the resin and resin system Material Test Test requirement Resin Density at 25 C Nominal value 0.01 % Viscosity at 25 C Nominal value 2
25、0 % Acid value, mg KOH/g Nominal value 4 % Resin system a Gelation time at 25 C Nominal value 20 % Gelation time at 82 C b Nominal value 20 % Fully cured resin Barcol hardness, minimum c 35 NOTE Nominal value is that value specified by the manufacturer in the controlled documentation for the materia
26、l. a The resin system shall be fully catalysed in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. b Material subjected to a room temperature or curing process below 82 C shall not be subjected to the gelation test at 82 C. c The Barcol hardness shall be carried out on a cast plaque of fully catalyse
27、d resin (100 100 4 mm) that has been mixed, cured and were necessary post-cured in accordance with the manufacturers instruction.BS PL 4:2005 BSI 8 June 2005 3 5.2 Laminated resin system physical and mechanical properties Laminate test plaques shall be manufactured in accordance with Annex A using g
28、lass fabric conforming to BS 3396-3 grade S. They shall meet the requirements of Table 2 when tested in accordance with BS PL 5. The resin manufacturer shall specify the type of glass fabric to be used in the manufacture of the test plaques. Test specimens showing signs of damage such as cracking, c
29、razing, delamination or other signs of physical damage resulting from preparation or conditioning shall not be tested. Table 2 Mechanical properties of laminates 5.3 Electrical properties Laminate test plaques shall be manufactured in accordance with Annex A using glass fabric conforming to BS 3396-
30、3 grade S and E type resins. They shall meet the requirements of Table 3 when tested in accordance with BS PL 5. The resin manufacturer shall specify the type of glass fabric to be used in the manufacture of the test plaques. Table 3 Electrical properties Test Test requirement Flexural strength, MPa
31、 (minimum) 380 Flexural strength after heat aging, MPa (minimum) aa) after (30 1) minb) after (192 4) h 140 170 Flexural strength after weathering, MPa (minimum) 310 Resistance to watera) flexural strength after immersion, MPa (minimum)b) absorption of water, mg (maximum)c) leaching in water, mg (ma
32、ximum) 310805 Resistance to fluids ba) retention of flexural strength, per cent of original value (minimum)b) change in weight, per cent of original value80 0.5 Rate of burning, mm/min (maximum) 25 Glass content, % (62.5 2.5) a Heat aging shall be carried out at the maximum service temperature for t
33、he grade of resin under test. The tolerance on aging temperature shall be 2 C for temperatures up to and including 150 C and 5 C for all other temperatures. b Resistance to fluids shall be determined by conditioning test specimens in the following aircraft liquids: a) iso-propyl alcohol conforming t
34、o BS 1595; b) standard rubber test fluid a mixture of 30 parts by volume of pure toluene (analytical reagent quality) and 70 parts by volume of pure iso-octane (2,2,5-trimethyl pentane); c) liquid 101 conforming to BS ISO 1817 (BS 903-A16); d) tri-n-butyl phosphate (density 0.975 to 0.976 g/ml; refr
35、active index 1.424 to 1.425; acidity (as H 3 PO 4 ) 0.15 % maximum. Test Test requirement Before storage After storage for 21 days at (20 2) C and (90 2) RH in an enclosed chamber Permittivity 4.4 (maximum) 5.5 (maximum) and not more than 25 % higher than before storage Loss tangent 0.02 (maximum) 0
36、.025 (maximum) and not more than 25 % higher than before storageBS PL 4:2005 4 BSI 8 June 2005 6 Quality of material A representative sample of each manufactured batch of resin and curing agent shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of Table 1. 7 Marking, labelling and packaging 1) The
37、labelling of the resin shall consist of the following details in the following order: a) the number and date of this standard, i.e. BS PL 4:2005; b) the classification of the resin, e.g. Class MA; c) the manufacturers name or trade mark, e.g. AB and Co.; d) the date of manufacture; e) the batch numb
38、er; f) the preferred storage temperature; g) the maximum storage life in months from date of dispatch. 1) Marking BS PL 4:2005 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements
39、 of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the claimants responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third-party certification of conformity.BS PL 4:2005 BSI 8 June 2005 5 Annex A (normative) Preparation of laminates Cut 12 pieces of fabric of approximate size 300 mm 300
40、 mm. Cover two smooth and scratch free flat plates (400 mm 400 mm) with a sheet of regenerated cellulose film or a suitable release film or release agent. Dry the glass fabric in a ventilated oven for a minimum of one hour at (100 5) C, cool it in a desiccator and use it immediately on removal. Carr
41、y out both the impregnation and building up of the laminate in a room temperature of 17 C to 25 C. The warp direction of the fabric in any ply shall be parallel to the weft direction in the adjacent ply of the laminate. Impregnate the fabric with resin to give a final glass content of 60 % to 65 % o
42、f the total weight. The wet impregnated fabric shall be uniformly translucent to demonstrate thorough impregnation. Based on the weight of glass fabric to be used, catalyse an excess weight of resin (for example 1.5 times the weight of fabric) to produce a void-free laminate. Catalyse the resin in a
43、ccordance with the manufacturers instructions and use it immediately in the following manner. Pour approximately one twelfth of the catalysed resin on to the cellulose film and place one ply of glass fabric on top. Using a knife blade squeegee roller or other device, apply pressure to the fabric unt
44、il it is wetted with resin and becomes evenly coated and uniformly translucent. This operation shall be performed with one to two minutes per ply. Repeat the same procedure rotating the ply 90 in relation to the previous layer. Immediately cover the top ply with cellulose film and the second flat pl
45、ate. Place stops three millimetres thick between the upper and lower plates. Within five minutes of completion of the assembly, place the completed assembly between platens of a press, close and adjust it to apply a positive pressure of 0.05 to 0.10 MPa. Cure in accordance with the manufacturers ins
46、tructions. If required, carry out post cure in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. NOTE The height of the stops may be adjusted to accommodate variations in the weight of glass fabric used. Adjustment of the height allows laminates to be prepared that will have a final glass content with
47、in the range of this specification.BS PL 4:2005 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporat
48、ed by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone fi
49、nding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9000. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7400. BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of stan
