1、BSI Standards Publication Ergonomics Application document for International Standards on manual handling (ISO 11228-1, ISO 11228-2 and ISO 11228-3) and evaluation of static working postures (ISO 11226) PD ISO/TR 12295:2014National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TR 1
2、2295:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics, to Panel PH/9/-/4, Ergonomics Anthropometry and Biomechanics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not
3、 purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 82357 2 ICS 13.180 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal ob
4、ligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2014. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/TR 12295:2014 ISO 2014 Ergonomics Application document for International S
5、tandards on manual handling (ISO 11228-1, ISO 11228-2 and ISO 11228-3) and evaluation of static working postures (ISO 11226) Ergonomie Document pour lapplication des Normes Internationales sur la manutention manuelle (ISO 11228-1, ISO 11228-2 et ISO 11228-3) et lvaluation des positions statiques de
6、travail (ISO 11226) TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 12295 First edition 2014-04-01 Reference number ISO/TR 12295:2014(E) PD ISO/TR 12295:2014 ISO/TR 12295:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication
7、 may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of
8、the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland PD ISO/TR 12295:2014 ISO/TR 12295:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Sc
9、ope . 1 2 Normative references 2 3 Using the “Key Questions” and the “Quick Assessment” . 3 3.1 Step 1 Procedure to enter the standards: the “Key Questions” 3 3.2 Step 2 The “Quick Assessment” . 3 Annex A (informative) Application information for ISO 11228-1 .12 Annex B (informative) Application inf
10、ormation for ISO 11228-2 .32 Annex C (informative) Application information for ISO 11228-3 .45 Bibliography .58 PD ISO/TR 12295:2014 ISO/TR 12295:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The
11、work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-gover
12、nmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in
13、 the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives Attention is drawn to the possibi
14、lity that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of p
15、atent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as informa
16、tion about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 3, Anthropometry and biomechanics.iv ISO 2014 All rights reserve
17、d PD ISO/TR 12295:2014 ISO/TR 12295:2014(E) Introduction The ISO 11228 series and ISO 11226 establish ergonomic recommendations for different manual handling tasks and working postures. All their parts apply to occupational and non-occupational activities. The standards will provide information for
18、designers, employers, employees and others involved in work, job and product design, such as occupational health and safety professionals. ISO 11228 consists of the following parts, under the general title, Ergonomics Manual handling: Part 1: Lifting and carrying; Part 2: Pushing and pulling; Part 3
19、: Handling of low loads at high frequency. ISO 11226, Ergonomics Evaluation of static working postures, gives recommended limits for static working postures with no, or with minimal external force exertion, while taking into account body angles and duration. It is designed to provide guidance on the
20、 assessment of several task variables by evaluating the health risks for the working population. While ISO 11228 and ISO 11226 are each self-contained with respect to data and methods, users may need guidance in selecting or using the standards in their specific application. This Technical Report se
21、rves as an application guide that offers a simple risk assessment methodology for small and medium enterprises and for non-professional activities. For expert users, more detailed assessment methodologies are presented in the annexes. ISO 2014 All rights reserved v PD ISO/TR 12295:2014 Ergonomics Ap
22、plication document for International Standards on manual handling (ISO 11228-1, ISO 11228- 2 and ISO 11228-3) and evaluation of static working postures (ISO 11226) 1 Scope This Technical Report is an application document that guides users of the ISO 11228 series of International Standards, which add
23、ress manual handling, and ISO 11226, which deals with static working postures. Specifically, it guides the user and provides additional information in the selection and use of the appropriate standards. Depending upon whether specific risks are present, it is intended to assist the user to decide wh
24、ich standards should be applied. It has a dual scope: a) To provide all users, and particularly those who are not experts in ergonomics, with criteria and procedures: to identify the situations in which they can apply the standards of the ISO 11228 series and/or ISO 11226; according to the criteria
25、given in the relative standard, to provide a “quick assessment” method to easily recognize activities that are “certainly acceptable” or “certainly critical”. If an activity is “not acceptable” it is necessary to complete a detailed risk-assessment as set out in the standard, but it should be possib
26、le to continue with the subsequent actions. Where the quick- assessment method shows that the activity risk falls between the two exposure conditions then it is necessary to refer to the detailed methods for risk assessment set out in the relevant standard.This scope and approach is illustrated in t
27、he flowchart in Figure 1 and is described in the main text of this Technical Report.The user will be required to answer a short series of practical “key questions” to assist him or her in selecting and applying the appropriate standard(s).It is emphasized that the use of the quick-assessment method
28、is best completed using a participatory approach involving workers in the enterprise. Such involvement is considered essential to identify effectively priorities for dealing with the different hazard and risk conditions and, where necessary, to identify effective risk reduction measures. b) To provi
29、de all users, especially those who have sufficient experience in ergonomics, or are sufficiently familiar with the standards of the ISO 11228 series, with details and criteria for applying the risk assessment methods proposed in the original standards of the series. This information is fully consist
30、ent with the methods proposed in the standards, and does not introduce any change to the application of the mathematical risk level calculations defined in the existing standards. It has been collated from additional analyses to ease the use of the standards.This second part of the scope will be ach
31、ieved through Annexes A, B, and C related to ISO 11228-1, ISO 11228-2 and ISO 11228-3, respectively. These annexes provide information relevant to the practical application of methods and procedures presented in ISO 11228 series based on application experiences of the standards. Some modifications o
32、f the methods explained in the standards are described in the present Technical Report, which are intended to be supplemental to the users, TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 12295:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1 PD ISO/TR 12295:2014 ISO/TR 12295:2014(E) with a particular focus on applications where mul
33、tiple manual tasks are performed by the same worker(s).FIRST LEVEL: Key Questions The “Key Questions“ are designed to assess if there is any relevance of the basic conditions of the job to the specific standards. If there is a relevance, then the user is directed to the applicable “Quick Assessment“
34、 questions that will give an approximated indication of the magnitude of the potential hazard, either low/no risk or the presence of risk conditions. If hazards are indicated then the user is directed to the appropriate standard. Note Lifting and lowering are treated identically in the risk assessme
35、nts. SECOND LEVEL: Quick Assessment The “Quick Assessment“ aims to identify (without calculation) through the use of pre-defined scenarios, the presence of two extreme exposure conditions: absence of significant risk or presence of acceptable conditions; critical conditions (presence of significant
36、and unacceptable risk). UPPER LIMB REPETITIVE MOVEMENTS STATIC WORKING POSTURES MANUAL LIFTING/CARRYING PUSHING/PULLING NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES ABSENT/ACCEPTABLE No further action/periodically review PRESENT/NOT CRITICAL Go to the specific standard for a more detailed analysis CRITICAL CONDITION
37、S Reduce the risk immediately/For risk reduction options go to the specific standard MANUAL LIFTING ISO 11228-1 MANUAL CARRYING ISO 11228-1 PUSHING/PULLING ISO 11228-2 UPPER LIMB REPETITIVE MOVEMENTS ISO 11228-3 STATIC WORKING POSTURES ISO 11226 Figure 1 The different levels of approach to ISO 11226
38、 and the ISO 11228 series 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
39、ISO 11226, Ergonomics Evaluation of static working postures ISO 11228-1, Ergonomics Manual handling Part 1: Lifting and carrying ISO 11228-2, Ergonomics Manual handling Part 2: Pushing and pulling ISO 11228-3, Ergonomics Manual handling Part 3: Handling of low loads at high frequency ISO 12100, Safe
40、ty of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reduction2 ISO 2014 All rights reserved PD ISO/TR 12295:2014 ISO/TR 12295:2014(E) 3 Using the “Key Questions” and the “Quick Assessment” Follow the steps below and answer each of the key questions. 3.1 Step 1 Procedure to enter t
41、he standards: the “Key Questions” In Step 1 the “Key Questions” will direct you to the relevant standard or standards that are appropriate for your job conditions. “Key Questions” are designed to identify if hazards are present and whether a further analysis (using relevant standards) is necessary.
42、See Table 1. Table 1 The key questions 1 Application of ISO 11228-1 Is there manual lifting/lowering or carrying of an object of 3 kg or more present? NO YES if NO, then this standard is not relevant, go to the next “Key Questions“ regarding the other standards If YES then go to step 2 “ Quick Asses
43、sment“ 2 Application of ISO 11228-2 Is there a two-handed whole-body pushing and pulling of loads present? NO YES if NO, then this standard is not relevant, go to the next “Key Questions“ regarding the other standards If YES then go to step 2 “Quick Assessment“ 3 Are there one or more repetitive tas
44、ks of the upper limbs with a total duration of 1 hour or more per shift? Where the deinition of “repetitive task” is: m m 50% m. NO YES If NO, then this standard is not relevant, go to the next “Key Questions“ regarding the other standards If YES then go to step 2 “Quick Assessment“ 4 6 Are there st
45、atic or awkward working postures of the HEAD/NECK, TRUNK and/or UPPER AND LOWER LIMBS maintained for more than 4 seconds consecutively and repeated for a signiicant part of the working time? For example: - HEAD/NECK ( / / , ) - TRUNK( / /, , ) - UPPER LIMBS ( ( ) v ,( ) v ,/ ( ) , ( ) m m , x mxx ,
46、/ / ) LOWER LIMBS ( q ) m m 4 v m NO YES if NO, then this standard is not relevant If YES then go to step 2 “Quick Assessment“ 3.2 Step 2 The “Quick Assessment” The “Quick Assessment” aims to identify, without the need for calculation, the presence of two opposite exposure conditions: the absence of
47、 risk or acceptable risk; the presence of a relevant risk (or the presence of extremely hazardous risk factors that are not acceptable), also labelled as critical conditions (critical code). When either of these conditions is met, it is not necessary to make a more detailed estimation of the exposure level using the corresponding standard (the applicable standard can still provide ideas and ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3 PD ISO/TR 12295:2014 ISO/TR 12295:2014(E) information for the correction of the risk factors). However, when none of the
