1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 10.6Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)FIFTH EDITION, AUGUST 2013Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstanc
2、es, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinfor
3、mation contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would n
4、ot infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with
5、this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven,
6、sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone fro
7、m using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in
8、fact conform to the applicable API standard.Users of this Standard should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business,scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.Where applicable, authorities having
9、jurisdiction should be consulted.Work sites and equipment operations may differ. Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipmentand premises in determining the appropriateness of applying the instructions. At all times users should employ soundbusiness, scientific, engineering, a
10、nd judgment safety when using this Standard.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train andequip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking theirobligations to comply with
11、 authorities having jurisdiction.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and condi-tions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety datasheet.All rights reserved. No pa
12、rt of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington,
13、 DC 20005.Copyright 2013 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontain
14、ed in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is ad
15、vised but not required in orderto conform to the specification.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the conten
16、t of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all
17、or any partof the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascer
18、tained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington,
19、DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Referenced Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Summary of Test Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Significance and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Reagents. . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Sampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . 38 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Precision and Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Annex A1 (Mandatory Informatioon) Procedure to Water-saturate Toulene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Figures1 Eight-Inch (203-mm) Centrifuge Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Procedure for Reading Water and Sediment When Using an A
27、STM 100-mL Cone-Shaped Centrifuge Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Tables1 Centrifuge Tube Calibration Tolerances for 203-mm (8-in.) Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Rotation Speeds Applicable for Centrifuges of Various Diameters of Swing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Expression of Results, mL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . 4vDesignation: D1796 111Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 10.6Standard Test Method forWater and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method(Laboratory Procedure)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1796; the number immediately following the designati
30、on indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agen
31、cies of the Department of Defense.1NOTEReferenced Documents and API information was editorially corrected in June 2013.1. Scope*1.1 This test method describes the laboratory determinationof water and sediment in fuel oils in the range from 0 to 30 %volume by means of the centrifuge procedure.NOTE 1W
32、ith some types of fuel oils such as residual fuel oils ordistillate fuel oils containing residual components, it is difficult to obtainwater or sediment contents with this test method. When this situation isencountered, Test Method D95 (API MPMS Chapter 10.5) or Test MethodD473 (API MPMS Chapter 10.
33、1) may be used.NOTE 2API MPMS Chapter 10.6 (Test Method D1796) along withAPI MPMS Chapter 10.3 (Test Method D4007) formerly superseded APIStandard 2548.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does
34、not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specificprecautionary statement
35、, see 6.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by Distillation (API MPMS Chapter10.5)D473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oilsby the Extraction Method (API MPMS Chapter 10.1)D4007 Test Method for Water and
36、Sediment in Crude Oil bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure) (APIMPMS Chapter 10.3)D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.1)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.2)D5854 Practice for Mix
37、ing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chap-ter 8.3)D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer TitrationE542 Practice for Calibration of Laboratory VolumetricApparatus2.2 A
38、PI Standards:3MPMS Chapter 8.1 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petro-leum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4057)MPMS Chapter 8.2 Practice for Automatic Sampling ofPetroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM PracticeD4177)MPMS Chapter 8.3 Practice for Mixing and Handling ofLiquid Samples of Petroleu
39、m and Petroleum Products(ASTM Practice D5854)MPMS Chapter 10.1 Test Method for Sediment in CrudeOils by the Extraction Method (ASTM Test MethodD473)MPMS Chapter 10.3 Test Method for Water and Sediment inCrude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Proce-dure) (ASTM Test Method D4007)MPMS Chapter 1
40、0.5 Test Method for Water in PetroleumProducts and Bituminous Materials by Distillation1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum Measure-ment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ o
41、n Hydro-carbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API).Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originallyapproved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D179604(2009).DOI: 10.1520/D1796-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.or
42、g, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Published as Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards. Available from theAmerican Petroleum Institute, 1220 L St., N.W., Washi
43、ngton, DC 20005.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1(ASTM Test Method D95)2.3 IP Standard:4Methods Book, Appendix B Specification for Methylben-zenes (Toluen
44、es)2.4 ISO Standard:5ISO 5272:1979 Toluene for Industrial UseSpecifications3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Equal volumes of fuel oil and water-saturated tolueneare placed in each of two cone-shaped centrifuge tubes. Aftercentrifugation, the volume of the higher density water andsediment layer at the bo
45、ttom of the tube is read.4. Significance and Use4.1 The water and sediment content of fuel oil is significantbecause it can cause corrosion of equipment and problems inprocessing. A determination of water and sediment content isrequired to measure accurately net volumes of actual fuel oil insales, t
46、axation, exchanges, and custody transfers.4.2 This test method may not be suitable for products thatcontain alcohols that are soluble in water. In cases where theimpact on the results may be significant, the user is advised toconsider using another test method, such as Test MethodD6304.5. Apparatus5
47、.1 Centrifuge:5.1.1 Use a centrifuge capable of spinning two or morefilled cone-shaped 203-mm (8-in.) centrifuge tubes at a speedthat can be controlled to give a relative centrifugal force (rcf)of between 500 and 800 at the tip of the tubes (see 5.1.6).5.1.2 The revolving head, trunnion rings, and t
48、runnion cups,including the cushions, shall be soundly constructed to with-stand the maximum centrifugal force capable of being deliv-ered by the power source. The trunnion cups and cushions shallfirmly support the tubes when the centrifuge is in motion. Thecentrifuge shall be enclosed by a metal shi
49、eld or case strongenough to eliminate danger if any breakage occurs.5.1.3 The centrifuge shall be heated and controlled thermo-statically to avoid unsafe conditions. It shall be capable ofmaintaining the sample temperature during the entire process at60 6 1C (140 6 1.8F). The thermostatic control shall becapable of maintaining the temperature within these limits andoperate safely if there is a flammable atmosphere.5.1.4 Electric powered and heated centrifuges must meet allsafety requirements for use in hazardous areas.NOTE 3Some heated centrifuges maintain the bowl at a p
