1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 9.2Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by Pressure HydrometerTHIRD EDITION, DECEMBER 2012Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 9.2Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbon
2、s by Pressure HydrometerMeasurement CoordinationTHIRD EDITION, DECEMBER 2012Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees
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15、ington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Referenced Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Summary of Test Method . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Significance and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Apparatus . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Reference Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . 48 Sampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Verification of Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 Calculation and Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 Precision and Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Annex A.1 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Summary of Changes . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Figures1 Pressure Hydrometer Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . 3vDesignation: D1657 121Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 9.2Standard Test Method forDensity or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons byPressure Hydrometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1657; the number immediately following the designation indicate
25、s the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTECorrected API MPMS naming convention throughout edito
26、rially in October 2012.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the densityor relative density of light hydrocarbons including liquefiedpetroleum gases (LPG) having Reid vapor pressures exceeding101.325 kPa (14.696 psi).1.2 The prescribed apparatus should not be used for mate-rials
27、having vapor pressures higher than 1.4 MPa (200 psi) atthe test temperature. This pressure limit is dictated by the typeof equipment. Higher pressures can apply to other equipmentdesigns.1.3 The initial pressure hydrometer readings obtained areuncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measure-
28、ments. Readings are measured on a hydrometer at either thereference temperature or at another convenient temperature,and readings are corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermalglass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effectsand to the reference temperature by means of calculatio
29、ns andAdjunct to D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables(API MPMS Chapter 11.1) or API MPMS Chapter 11.2.4 (GPATP-27), as applicable.1.4 Values determined as density or relative density can beconverted to equivalent values in the other units or alternativereference temperatures by means of Inte
30、rconversion Proce-dures API MPMS Chapter 11.5, or Adjunct to D1250 Guide forPetroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1) orAPI MPMS Chapter 11.2.4 (GPA TP-27), as applicable.1.5 The calculations required in Section 11 shall be appliedto the initial pressure hydrometer reading with observatio
31、nsand results reported as required by Section 11 prior to use in asubsequent calculation procedure (measurement ticketcalculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volumedetermination).1.6 Annex A1 contains a procedure for verifying or certify-ing the equipment for this test method.1.7 The v
32、alues in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.US Customary values shown in adjacent parentheses are forinformation only and may not be exactly equivalent. Both SIand customary units have been rounded so that they may not beexactly equivalent.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all o
33、f thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1250 Guide for Use of
34、the Petroleum Measurement TablesD1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP)Gases, Manual MethodD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer Method (API MPMS Chapter 9.1)E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Gla
35、ss ThermometersE100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers2.2 API Standards:3MPMS Chapter 9.1 Test Method for Density, RelativeDensity, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer Method (ASTM TestMethod D1298)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committe
36、e D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and the API Committee on PetroleumMeasurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ, thejoint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer(Joint ASTM-API).Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published August
37、2012. Originallyapproved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D165702(2007).DOI: 10.1520/D1657-12E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to t
38、he standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
39、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1MPMS Chapter 11.1 Temperature and Pressure Volume Cor-rection Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Prod-ucts and Lubricating Oils (Adjunct to ASTM D1250)MPMS Chapter 11.2.2 Compressibility Factors for Hydro-carbons: 0.350-0.0637 Relative Density (
40、60F/60F) and-50F to 140F Metering TemperatureMPMS Chapter 11.2.2M Compressibility Factors for Hydro-carbons: 350-637 Kilograms per Cubic Meter Density15C and -46C to 60C Metering TemperaturesMPMS Chapter 11.2.4 Temperature Correction for the Vol-ume of NGL and LPG Tables 23E, 24E, 53E, 54E, 59Eand 6
41、0E (joint standard with GPA TP-27)MPMS Chapter 11.5 Density/Weight/Volume Intraconver-sion2.3 GPA Standards:4GPA Technical Publication TP-27 Temperature Correctionfor the Volume of NGL and LPG, Tables 23E, 24E, 53E,54E, 59E and 60E (joint standard with API MPMSChapter 11.2.4)2.4 ASTM Adjuncts:Adjunc
42、t to D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables(API MPMS Chapter 11.1)53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 density, nthe mass of liquid per unit volume at 15Cand its saturation pressure with the standard unit of measure-ment being kilograms per cubic metre.3.1.1.1 DiscussionOther reference tempera
43、tures, such as20C may be used for some products or in some locations. Lesspreferred units of measurement; for example, kg/Lor g/mL, arestill in use.3.1.2 relative density (specific gravity), nthe ratio of themass of a given volume of liquid at a specific temperature tothe mass of an equal volume of
44、pure water at the same ordifferent temperature. Both reference temperatures shall beexplicitly stated.3.1.2.1 DiscussionCommon reference temperatures in-clude 60/60F, 20/20C, 20/4C. The historic deprecated term“specific gravity” may still be found.3.1.3 thermohydrometer, na glass hydrometer with a s
45、elf-contained mercury thermometer.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The apparatus is purged with a portion of the samplebefore filling with the portion to be used for testing. Thepressure cylinder is filled to a level at which the enclosedhydrometer floats freely, and the cylinder is then placed in acons
46、tant-temperature bath (if needed). When the temperaturehas reached equilibrium, the hydrometer reading and thetemperature of the sample are read. The observed hydrometerreading is corrected for the meniscus effect, alternate calibra-tion temperature effects and reduced to the reference tempera-ture
47、by means of the volume correction factors or tables asapplicable by use of the appropriate Adjunct to D1250 Guidefor Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1)or API MPMS Chapter 11.2.4 (GPA TP-27), as applicable, andobserved temperature from the thermometer.5. Significance and Use5.1 The
48、density or relative density of light hydrocarbons andliquefied petroleum gases is used in custody transfer quantitycalculations or to satisfy transportation, storage, and regulatoryrequirements.6. Apparatus6.1 Hydrometers, graduated in density with a range from500 to 650 kg/m3, or in relative densit
49、y with a range from0.500 to 0.650, and conforming to the dimensions in Specifi-cation E100.6.1.1 Thermohydrometers, for field applications, thermohy-drometers may be more convenient than hydrometers withseparate thermometers. They shall conform to SpecificationE100, Thermohydrometer Nos. 101H or 310H.6.1.1.1 Thermohydrometers shall be of suitable range andhave dimensions to float freely within the pressure hydrometercylinder with clearances of 5 mm at the wall and 25 mm at thetop and bottom.6.1.1.2 The test report shall state that a thermohydrometerwas used.6.
