API PUBL 351-1999 Overview of Soil Permeability Test Methods《土壤渗透率测试方法的概述》.pdf
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1、American Petroleum I Institute c OVERVIEW OF SOIL s REGULATORY AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT PUBLICATION NUMBER 35 1 APRIL 1999 STD-APIIPETRO PUBL 351-ENGL 1999 W 0732290 Ob15401 437 W American Petroleum Institute American Petroleum Institute Environmental, Health, and Safety Mission and Guiding Principles MIS
2、SION The members of the American Petroleum Institute are dedicated to continuous efforts to improve the compatibility of our operations with the environment while economically developing energy resources and supplying high quality products and services to consumers. We recognize our responsibility t
3、o work with the public, the government, and others to develop and to use natural resources in an environmentally sound manner while protecting the health and safety of our employees and the public. To meet these responsibilities, API members pledge to manage our businesses according to the following
4、 principles using sound science to prioritize risks and to implement cost-effective management practices: PRINCIPLES o o o o o o o To recognize. and to respond to community concerns about our raw materiais, products and operations. To operate our plants and facilities, and to handle our raw material
5、s and products in a mnner that protects the environment, and the safety and heGth of our employees and the public. . To make safety, health and environmental considerations a priority in our planning, and our development of new products and processes. To advise promptly, appropriate officials, emplo
6、yees, customers and the public of information on significant industry-related safety, health and environmental hazards, and to recommend protective measures. To counsel customers, transporters and others in the safe use, transporiation and disposal of our raw materials, products and waste materiais.
7、 To economically develop and produce natural resources and to conserve those resources by using energy efficiently. To extend knowledge by conducting or supporting research on th safety, health and environmental effects of our raw materials, products, processes and waste materials. To commit to redu
8、ce overall emission and waste generation. To work with others to resolve probiems created by handling and disposal of hazardous substances from our operations. * .To participate with gavernment and o$ers in creating responsible laws, regulations and standards to safeguard the community, workplace an
9、d environment. To promote these principles and practices by sharing experiences and offering assistance to others who produce, handle, use, transport or dispose of similar raw materiais, petroleum products and wastes. STD-APIiPETRO PUBL 351-ENGL 1999 0732290 Ob15402 373 Overview of Coil Permeability
10、 Test Methods Regulatory Affairs Department API PUBLICATION NUMBER 351 PREPARED UNDER CONTRACT BY: SPEC CONSULTING SERVICES 427 CLIFTON CORPORATE PARK CLIFTON PARK, NEW YORK 12065 GIANNA AIEZZA AND JOSEPH BURKE APRIL 1999 American Petroleum Institute STD-API/PETRO PUBL 351-ENGL 1999 0732290 0615403
11、2OT FOREWORD API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWD. API IS NOT UNDERTAKING To MEET THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS, MANUFAC- TURERS, OR SUPPLIERS TO WARN AND PROPERLY TRAIN
12、 AND EQUIP THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OTHERS EXPOSED, CONCERNING HEALTH AND S-TY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, NOR UNDERTAKING THEIR OBLIGATIONS UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS. NOTHING CONTAINED IN ANY API PUBLICATION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS GRANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANU- FACTU
13、RE, SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD, APPARATUS, OR PRODUCT COV- ERED BY LETTERS PATENT. NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED IN ITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF LETTERS PATENT. THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST LIABIL- All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored n a retr
14、ieval system or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permissionfiom the publishe: Contact the publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20O5. Copyright Q 1999 American Petroleum institute iii , .
15、 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE ARE RECOGNIZED FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS OF TIME AND EXPERTISE DURING THIS STUDY AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS REPORT: API STAFF CONTACT E Dee Gavora, Regulatory Affairs Department MEMBERS OF THE STO RAGE TANK TASK FORCE SUBCOMMIITEE Don Gilson, Product Chairman,
16、 Chevron Products Company Jerry Engelhardt, Santa Fe Pacific Pipeline Company Jerry Garteiser, Exxon Company, USA George Lloyd, Shell Oil Company William Martin, ARCO Products Company Gene Milunec, Mobil Oil Corporation James Moore, Amoco Oil Company Philip Myers, Chevron Research and Technology Ran
17、dall Steele, BP Oil Company James Stevenson, Phillips Pipeline Company John Thomas, Shell Oil Company Alan Wolf, Exxon Research and Engineering Company iv STD.API/PETRO PUBL 35L-ENGL 1999 0732270 ObL5Y05 082 2 . LA BOR TABLE OF CONTENTS Section EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . e5-1 1 . INTRODUCTION 1-1 Scope of
18、Rep0 rt 1-1 Organization of Report 1-2 A Note of Caution 1-2 Recommendations for Method Selection . 1-3 Hydraulic Conductivity vs . Permeability. 1-4 Collection and Handling of Soil Samples 1-6 Horizontal and Vertical Permeability 1-6 Saturated vs . Unsaturated Soil . 1-7 Other Properties of Soils 1
19、-7 TORY METHODS . 2-1 Introduction 2-1 Constant Head Test 2-1 Falling Head Test . 2-3 Grain Size Analysis 2-5 Flexible Wall Permeameter (Triaxial Test) 2-5 3 . FIELD METHODS . 3-1 Introduction 3-1 Slug Test (Hvorslev?s Method) 3-1 Borehole Test . 3-3 Gulf Oil Field Test . 3-4 Well Pumping Test 3-5 P
20、iezometer Method 3-7 Infiltrometers 3-9 Single-Ring Infiltrometers . 3-9 Open Double-Ring Idiltrometers 3-10 Sealed Double-Ring Infiltrometers 3-10 STD.API/PETRO PUBL 351-ENGL 1999 m 0732290 Ob15406 TI9 m 3 . FIELD METHODS continued Double Tube Test Method . 3-11 Air-Entry Penneameter 3. 12 REFERENC
21、ES R-1 Appendix A DEFINITIONS A- 1 Appendix B Appendix C LIST OF VARIABLES B-1 CONVERSION FACTORS . C-1 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 . 1 1-2 2-1 3-1 Range of Values of Permeability 1-4 Viscosities of Selected Fluids . 1-5 Laboratory Methods for Testing Permeability . 2-7 Field Methods for Testing Permeabi
22、lity . 3-15 Fime 2- 1 2-2 2-3 3- 1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-7 3-8 LIST OF FIGURES Page Constant Head Test 2-3 Falling Head Test . 2-4 Trimal Test . 2-6 Slug Test (Hvorslevs Method) . 3-2 Borehole Test . 3-4 Gulf Oil Field Test . 3-5 Well Pumping Test 3-7 Piezometer Method 3-8 Double-Ring Infiltrometer
23、. 3-10 Double-Tube Method 3-12 Air-Entry Permeameter 3-14 STD-APIIPETRO PUBL 35la-ENGL 1997 - 0732290 Ob15407 755 H EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report presents some of the available test methods for determining the coefficient of permeability for earthen secondary containment systems at aboveground stora
24、ge tank facilities. It provides the guidance necessary for operators of an aboveground storage tank facility to select an appropriate test method to determine soil permeability. The presented permeability test methods are categorized into laboratory or field methods. A brief overview and applicable
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