1、Recommended Practice for the Pressure Testing of Steel Pipelines for the Transportation of Gas, Petroleum Gas, Hazardous Liquids, Highly Volatile Liquids, or Carbon DioxideAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1110 SIXTH EDITION, FEBRUARY 2013Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a genera
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16、ertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washing
17、ton, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms, Definitions, and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Pressure Test Planning Process .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 Guidelines for Planning a Pressure Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 Pressure Test Medium . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.3 Pressure Test Equipment and Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.4 Location and Us
22、e of Test Measuring Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Pressure Test Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.1 General . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.2 Qualification of Contractor and Operator Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.3 Lin
24、e Fill and Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.4 Initial Pressurization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . 175.5 The Test Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.6 Pressure Test Failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195.7 Searching for Leaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195.8 Pressure Test Acceptance Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205.9 Depressurization, Displacement, and Disposal of the Test Medium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.10 Drying Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Pressure Test Records and Drawings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226.2 Pressure Test Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226.3 Pressure Test Drawings . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Figures1 I
31、mpact of Test Pressure on Margin of Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 PressureVolume Plot with Residual Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17vIntroducti
32、onThis recommended practice (RP) provides guidelines for pressure testing steel pipelines for the transportation of gas, petroleum gas, hazardous liquids, highly volatile liquids, or carbon dioxide. The RP provides guidance so that:a) pipeline operators can select a pressure test suitable for the co
33、nditions under which the test will be conductedthis includes, but is not limited to, pipeline material characteristics, pipeline operating conditions, and various types of anomalies or other risk factors that may be present;b) pressure tests are planned in order to meet the overall objectives of the
34、 pressure test;c) site-specific procedures are developed and followed during all phases of the pressure testing process;d) pressure tests consider both personnel safety and environmental impacts;e) pressure tests are implemented by qualified personnel;f) pressure tests are conducted in order to meet
35、 stated acceptance criteria and pressure test objectives;g) pressure test records are developed, completed, and retained for the useful life of the facility.Users of this RP should be aware that further or differing requirements may be necessary for some applications. Nothing in this RP is intended
36、to inhibit the use of engineering solutions that are not covered by the RP. This may be particularly applicable where there is innovative developing technology. Where an alternative is offered, the RP may be used, provided any and all variations from the RP are identified and documented.The guiding
37、principles of this RP as as follows.a) This RP provides a consistent means of preparing, assessing, using, and verifying pressure test results in order to help insure that the objectives of the pressure test are met. It also provides guidance for meeting the requirements of Integrity Management as s
38、tated in API 1160 and ASME B31.8S. b) This RP is not technology specific. It accommodates present and future technologies used for pressure testing steel pipelines.c) This RP is performance-based and provides guidelines for the qualification of the pressure testing processes. It does not, however, d
39、efine how to meet those guidelines.d) This RP provides guidelines for documenting important information during each phase of the pressure testing process.e) Wherever possible, this RP utilizes existing terms and definitions from other applicable industry documents. Definitions of terms used in this
40、RP are listed in Section 3.f) The use of a pressure testing process to manage the integrity of pipelines requires an appropriate amount of interaction between the provider of the inspection service (service provider), if one is used, and the beneficiary of the service (operator). This RP provides gu
41、idelines that will enable service providers and operators to clearly define the areas of cooperation required and thus facilitate the satisfactory outcome of the pressure testing process. Although many operators use service providers during various phases of the pressure testing process, it is impor
42、tant to note that the operator is ultimately responsible for:a) identifying specific risks (threats) to be assessed as part of the pressure testing process,b) choosing the proper pressure test in order to assess identified risks (threats), andc) confirming and verifying pressure test results.vi1Reco
43、mmended Practice for the Pressure Testing of Steel Pipelinesfor the Transportation of Gas, Petroleum Gas, Hazardous Liquids, Highly Volatile Liquids or Carbon Dioxide1 ScopeThis RP applies to all parts of a pipeline or pipeline facility including line pipe, pump station piping, terminal piping, comp
44、ressor station piping, metering station piping, delivery station piping, regulator station piping, appurtenances connected to line pipe, appurtenances connected to facility piping, fabricated assemblies, valves, tees, elbows, reducers, flanges, and any other pipeline equipment or appurtenances.This
45、RP does not apply to pumping units, compressor units, breakout tanks, pressure vessels, control piping, sample piping, instrument piping/tubing, or any component or piping system for which other codes specify pressure testing requirements (i.e. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, piping systems co
46、vered by building codes, etc.).Although this RP contains guidelines that are based on sound engineering judgment, it is important to note that certain governmental requirements may differ from the guidelines presented in this document. This RP does not address piping systems that are pressure tested
47、 with natural gas, nitrogen, or air. 2 Normative ReferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
48、 applies.API Standard 1160, Managing System Integrity for Hazardous Liquid PipelinesASME B31.4 1, Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other LiquidsASME B31.8:2007, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping SystemsASME B31.8S, Managing System Integrity of Gas Pipelines3 Terms,
49、Definitions, and Abbreviations3.1 Terms and DefinitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.3.1.1 anomalyA deviation from the norm in pipe material, coatings, or welds.3.1.2 appurtenanceA component attached to the pipeline (e.g. valve, tee, instrument connection, supports, anchors, etc.).3.1.3 bendA physical configuration that changes pipeline direction.1ASME International, 3 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10016-5990, www.asme.org.2 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 11103.1.4 carbon dioxideA fluid consisting of more than 90 % carbon dioxide molecules compressed to
