1、Recommended Practice for Subsea Capping Stacks API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 17W FIRST EDITION, JULY 2014 energ AM ERICAN PETROLEUM I NSTITUTE Special Notes API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regu
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15、ector. Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog
16、 of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org. iii Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative Ref
17、erences . . 1 3 Terms, Definitions, and Abbreviations . 2 3.1 Terms and Definitions . 2 3.2 Abbreviations 4 4 System Requirements 4 4.1 General . . 4 4.2 Subsea Capping Stack Categories . . . 5 4.3 Interface Descriptions . 6 4.4 System Design and Functional Requirements . 8 4.5 Manufacturing . 24 5
18、Use of a Subsea Capping Stack . . 28 5.1 Initial Actions . . 28 5.2 Equipment Notification and Callout . . 28 5.3 Well Condition Assessment . . . . . . . 29 5.4 Deploying the Subsea Capping Stack . 32 5.5 Operating Parameters . 35 5.6 Operating Personnel . 37 5.7 Logistics and Deployment Plans . 38
19、6 Preservation, Maintenance, and Testing . 39 6.1 Testing . . . 39 6.2 Maintenance . . . . . . 46 6.3 Inspections . . . . . . . . . 50 6.4 Preservation . . . . . . . . . . . 51 6.5 Testing, Maintenance, Inspection, and Preservation Personnel . 56 Annex A (informative) Subsea Well Capping Contingency
20、 Procedures . 58 Annex B (informative) Example Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Figures 1 Category 1 (Cap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 Category 2 (Cap and Flow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3 Example of Three Likely Subsea Capping Stack Attachment Points
21、 . . . . . . . . . . 30 Tables 1 Example of Pre-deployment Interface Testing Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2 Example Routine Testing Schedule . . . . . . 40 3 Example Non-routine Testing Schedule . . . . . . . . . 40 4 Example ROV Interface Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 5 Exampl
22、e Periodic Maintenance Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 6 Subsea Capping Stack Field Performance Report Example . . . . 48 v Recommended Practice for Subsea Capping Stacks 1 Scope This document provides subsea capping stack recommended practices for design, manufacture, and use. The
23、 document applies to the construction of new subsea capping stacks and can be used to improve existing subsea capping stacks. The document can aid in generating a basis of design (BOD) document as well as preservation, transportation, maintenance, testing documents, and operating instructions. This
24、document presents recommendations for neither procedures nor equipment for containment systems that may be connected to a subsea capping stack. All equipment and operations downstream of the subsea capping stack are considered part of a containment system and are not within the scope of this recomme
25、nded practice. Annex A contains a discussion of possible subsea capping contingency procedures. Annex 8 contains example procedures for deployment, well shut-in and recovery of a subsea capping stack. 2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
26、this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. The following referenced documents are useful in the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cit
27、ed applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. API Specification 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment API Specification 6AV1, Specification for Validation of Wellhead Surface Safety Valves and UndeTWater Sa
28、fety Valves for Offshore Service API Specification 7-1, Specification for Rotary Drill Stem Elements API Specification 7-2, Specification for Threading and Gauging of Rotary Shouldered Thread Connections API Specification 14A, Specification for Subsurface Safety Valve Equipment, 11th Edition, Octobe
29、r 2005, Reaffirmed 2012 API Specification 16A, Specification for Drill-Through Equipment API Specification 16C, Choke and Kill Systems API Specification 160, Specification for Control Systems for Drilling Well Control Equipment and Control Systems for Diverter Equipment API Recommended Practice 17A,
30、 Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems-General Requirements and Recommendations API Specification 170, Design and Operation of Subsea Production Equipment, 2nd Edition, May 201 1 API Recommended Practice 17G, Recommended Practice for Completion/Worl 2) As a minimum, the subsea capping st
31、ack should be capable of installation on an incident well that has an inclination of 2 from vertical. A mechanical stress analysis shall be performed to ensure all components below the subsea capping stack can withstand the bending moments and any other forces imposed by offset installation. 4.4.8.5
32、 Deployment and Recovery from Rig or Vessel 4.4.8.5.1 General Subsea capping stack deployment methods should be considered during design and based upon vessel and rig specific limitation/capabilities with respect to the operating environment. Such issues to be addressed are: vessel mobilization (doc
33、kside/offshore); testing and preparation support needed; offshore transfer of capping stack (if applicable); 20 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 17W onboard dynamic loads/outboard dynamic loads; splash zone loads; equipment relocating (carts, skids, etc.) onboard (if applicable); crane capacity and capabili
34、ty; height limitations; footprint for moonpool access (if applicable); ROV support needed of initial deployment; ROV tooling interfaces are checked and verified; key interfaces should be marked for easy ROV identification purposes of components and valve positions; sea-fastening of equipmenUJoad con
35、trol during lifting, offloading, and demobilization of capping stack; landing speeds (compensation effectiveness). 4.4.8.5.2 Running Tool Interface The subsea capping stack deployment system should consist of a running tool or rigging that can be configured for deployment on drill pipe from a rig or
36、 on wire from a vessel. If the deployment system is not a universal design that allows for deployment on drill pipe and wire, two deployment systems should be developed to allow for flexibility. The deployment system should be designed to allow wellbore fluid flow through to assist with landing and
37、latching operation. The deployment system running tool shall include an ROV activated connecUdisconnect feature for easy retrieval and reinstallation as required. The subsea capping stack running tool shall not create a restriction to flow in the vertical flow path of the incident well. Its design s
38、hould minimize the impact of impinging flow. 4.4.8.5.3 Installation Aids Landing a subsea capping stack onto a flowing subsea well has some similarities to landing a subsea tree onto a subsea wellhead and should include soft landing precautions to prevent equipment damage. However, additional soft l
39、anding precautions may be implemented to address the forces and motions associated with capping an incident well. To control these additional forces and motions vertical and lateral guidance systems may be required. This additional control is especially important for landing on a non-vertical well o
40、r if vertical access is impaired. The forces imposed by the incident well flow stream must be considered when designing the soft landing system. If additional lateral control is required, some options include: two or more guide wires attached to the well system guideposts (available on some subsea w
41、ell systems) and threaded through corresponding guideline tubes on the subsea capping stack that can provide effective centering of the subsea capping stack when guidelines are tensioned; pull-down cables attached to the subsea capping stack run through pulleys attached to the well and back to a sui
42、table active heave compensated winch on available service vessel that can provide effective vertical pull-down force to close the final gap between the subsea capping stack connector and the well mandrel. RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR SUBSEA CAPPING STACKS 21 4.4.8.6 Design for Environmental and Weather
43、Conditions The subsea capping stack should be designed with consideration of offshore weather and environmental conditions to enable the largest possible deployment and operability window. Designs should mitigate the effects of the following: waves-height, wavelength, frequency, direction, period; w
44、eather-air temperature, wind speed, direction, period; water-depth, visibility, temperature; current-velocity, profile, direction; seabed-soil strength, depth profile, bearing capacity, topography, hazards, density, marine growth. 4.4.8.7 Verticallntervention Access to the vertical interface at the
45、top of the subsea capping stack for post-installation well activities should be included in the BOD. These design considerations include, at a minimum, the strength of the interface component, strength of the subsea capping stack, strength of the damaged equipment below the subsea capping stack, str
46、ength of the wellhead, and the ID of the subsea capping stacks vertical bore. Load cases and a calculated mechanical and fatigue analysis should be performed by the operator for the incident well and used to determine the appropriateness of any vertical intervention plan. In addition, a documented r
47、isk assessment should be performed to evaluate the appropriateness, feasibility, and additional risks associated with any vertical intervention. Post-installation vertical intervention activities could include installation of an additional subsea capping stack or temporary flow riser. For more extensive wire line or tubular interventions, an appropriate BOP shall be installed above
