1、Recommended Practices for Evaluation of Well PerforatorsAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 19B SECOND EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2006REAFFIRMED, APRIL 2011ADDENDUM 1, APRIL 2014ADDENDUM 2, DECEMBER 2014Recommended Practices for Evaluation of Well PerforatorsUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 19B SECOND EDITION,
2、 SEPTEMBER 2006REAFFIRMED, APRIL 2011ADDENDUM 1, APRIL 2014ADDENDUM 2, XXXX 2014SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs empl
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6、amage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publi-cation may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate
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9、the location, conditions, equipment, and substances involved in any given situation. Users of this Recommended Practice should consult with the appropriate authorities having jurisdiction.Users of this Recommended Practice should not rely exclusively on the information con-tained in this document. S
10、ound business, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein. Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to partic-ular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer
11、or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Where applicable, authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted.Work sites and equipment operations may differ. Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipment and premises in determining the appropriateness of
12、 applying the Recommended Practice. At all times users should employ sound business, scientific, engi-neering, and judgment safety when using this Recommended Practice.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their emplo
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14、, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2006 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThis document is under the jurisdiction of the API Subcommittee
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19、publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Stand
20、ards and Publications Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiCONTENTSPage0 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.2 Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.3 API Registered Perforator Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . .10.4 Reports and Advertisements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 EVALUATION OF PERFORATING SYSTEMS UNDER SURFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . .CONDITIONS, CONCRETE TARGETS11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.2 Test Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.3 Perforating System Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、.41.4 Charge Selection and Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41.5 Multi-Directional Firing Perforator Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.6 Uni-Directional Perforator Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.7 Test Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.8 Test Results Validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.9 Data Collec
26、tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.10 Data Recording and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61.11 Recertifying Published API RP 19B Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . .61.12 Special API RP 19B Section 1Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 EVALUATION OF PERFORATORS UNDER STRESS CONDITIONS, BEREA TARGETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . .132.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132.2 Berea Sandstone Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132.3 Preparation of Berea Sandstone for the Ta
29、rget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152.4 Test Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152.5 Test Conditions and Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163 E
30、VALUATION OF PERFORATOR SYSTEMS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS, STEEL TARGETS153.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193.2 Reference Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193.3 Test Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193.4 Perforating System Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193.5 Charge Selection and A
32、ging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.6 Gun Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.7 Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.8 Number of Shots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.9 Temperature Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.10 Test Fluid Environment
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.11 Temperature Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.12 Test Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.13 Data Collection and Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.14 Pressure Testing of the Gun System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234 EVALUATION OF PERFORATION FLOW PERFORMANC
36、E UNDER SIMULATED DOWNHOLE CONDITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244.2 Target Preparation and Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254.3 Target Evacuation and Saturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254.4 Target Characterization and Permeability Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264.5 Testing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274.6 Test Target Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324.7 General Perforation Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344.8
39、 Systems Calibration and Test Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354.9 Data Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364.10 Liquid Flow Data Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36vCONTENTSPage4.11 Gas Flow Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .394.12 Standard Test Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425 DEBRIS
41、 COLLECTION PROCEDURE FOR PERFORATING GUNS. . . . . . . . . . .455.1 Hollow Carrier Perforating Guns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455.2 Phase I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、. .455.3 Phase II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .465.4 Charge Case Debris Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475.5 Perforating Systems With Capsule Charges . . . . .
43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .506 EVALUATION OF PERFORATOR SYSTEMS TO DETERMINE SWELL . . . . . .526.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256.2 Shaped Charge Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526.3 Perforating System Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526.4 Casing Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526.
45、5 Testing Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526.6 Pre-Test Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526.7 Test Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536.8 Post Test Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536.9 Data Recording and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .537 REF
47、ERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53APPENDIX A API REGISTERED PERFORATOR SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55Figures1 Example Concrete Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Data SheetPerforating System Evaluation, API 19B, Section 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 Dual String Data Sheet Perforating Systems Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 Mixed Charges (Short Perforator) Data Sheet Perforating Systems Evaluation . .
49、 105a Mixed Charges (Regular Perforator, Part 1 of 2) Data Sheet Perforating Systems Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115b Mixed Charges (Regular Perforator, Part 2 of 2) Data Sheet Perforating Systems Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Section 2 Target Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Shooting End Fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
