1、Materials and Fabrication of 11/4Cr-1/2Mo Steel Heavy Wall Pressure Vessels for High-pressure Hydrogen Service Operating at or Below 825 F (441 C)API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 934-C FIRST EDITION, MAY 2008Materials and Fabrication of 11/4Cr-1/2Mo Steel Heavy Wall Pressure Vessels for High-pressure Hydrog
2、en Service Operating at or Below 825 F (441 C)Downstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 934-C FIRST EDITION, MAY 2008Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be rev
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10、ashington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2008 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should an
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13、D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may b
14、e added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are
15、invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16、 . . . . . . 12 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms, Definitions, and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Base Metal Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 Material Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.2 Steel Making Practice . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 Chemical Composition Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 Heat
21、Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 Mechanical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . 56 Welding Consumable Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.1 Material Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.2 Mechanical Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Welding, Heat Treatment, and Production Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.1 General Welding Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 Welding Procedure Qualification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.3 Preheat and Dehydrogenation Heat Treatment (DHT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.4 Production Testing of Base Metal Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.5 Weld Overlay or Integral Clad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.6 Final Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Nondestructive Testing (NDE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.2 NDE Prior to Fabrication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.3 NDE During Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.4 NDE After Fabrication and Prior to Final PWHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.5 NDE After Final PWHT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.6 Positive Material Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Hydrostatic Testing . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1210 Preparation for Shipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1311 Documentation
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Figure 1 Location of Vickers Hardness Indentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 8Table 1 Base Metal Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4vIntroductionThis recommended practice applies to newly fabricated heavy wall pressure vessels in petroleum refining, petrochemical and
34、 chemical facilities in which hydrogen or hydrogen-containing fluids are processed at elevated temperature and pressure. It is based on decades of industry operating experience and the results of experimentation and testing conducted by independent manufacturers, fabricators, and users of heavy wall
35、 pressure vessels for this service.Licensors and owners of process units in which these heavy wall pressure vessels are to be used may modify and/or supplement this recommended practice with additional proprietary requirements.1Materials and Fabrication of 1 1/4Cr-1/2Mo Steel Heavy Wall Pressure Ves
36、sels for High-pressure Hydrogen Service Operating at or Below 825 F (441 C)1 ScopeThis recommended practice presents materials and fabrication requirements for new 1 1/4Cr-1/2Mo steel heavy wall pressure vessels and heat exchangers for high-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen service. It applies to
37、vessels that are designed, fabricated, certified, and documented in accordance with ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1 or Division 2. This document may also be used as a resource for equipment fabricated of 1Cr-1/2Mo Steel.This document may also be used as a resource when planning to modify an exis
38、ting heavy wall pressure vessel.The interior surfaces of these heavy wall pressure vessels may have an austenitic stainless steel or ferritic stainless steel weld overlay or cladding to provide additional corrosion resistance.For this recommended practice, the heavy wall is defined as shell thicknes
39、s 2 in. (50 mm) or greater but less or equal to 4 in. (100 mm). Integrally reinforced nozzles, flanges, tubesheets, bolted channel covers, etc. can be greater than 4 in. (100 mm). At shell or head thicknesses greater than 4 in. (100 mm), 1 1/4Cr-1/2Mo has been shown to have difficulty meeting the to
40、ughness requirements given in this document. Although outside of the scope of this document, it can be used as a resource for vessels down to 1 in. (25 mm) shell thickness with changes defined by the purchaser.This recommended practice is not intended for use for equipment operating above 825 F (441
41、 C) or in the creep range.2 ReferencesThe following referenced documents are cited in the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.API RP 582, Welding G
42、uidelines for the Chemical, Oil, and Gas IndustriesAPI RP 934-A, Materials and Fabrication of 2 1/4Cr-1Mo, 2 1/4Cr-1Mo-1/4V, 3Cr-1Mo, and 3Cr-1Mo-1/4V Steel Heavy Wall Pressure Vessels for High-temperature, High-pressure Hydrogen ServiceAPI TR 938-A, An Experimental Study of Causes and Repair of Cra
43、cking of 1 1/4Cr-1/2Mo Steel Equipment ASME1Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IIMaterials; Part AFerrous Material Specifications; Part C, Specification for Welding Rods, Electrodes and Filler Metals; Part DPropertiesASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VNondestructive ExaminationASME
44、 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIIIRules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, Division 1ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIIIRules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, Division 2Alternative RulesASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IXWelding and Brazing Qualificati
45、onsASME SA-20, Specification for General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels1ASME International, 3 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10016, www.asme.org.2 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 934-CASME SA-182, Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves
46、and Parts for High-Temperature ServiceASME SA-263, Standard Specification for Corrosion-Resisting Chromium Steel-Clad Plate, Sheet, and StripASME SA-264, Standard Specification for Stainless Chromium-Nickel Steel-Clad, Sheet and StripASME SA-335, Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-St
47、eel Pipe for High-Temperature ServiceASME SA-336, Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature PartsASME SA-369, Carbon and Ferritic Alloy Steel Forged and Bored Pipe for High-Temperature ServiceASME SA-387, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Allo
48、y Steel, Chromium-MolybdenumASME SA-435, Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel PlatesASME SA-578, Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Plain and Clad Steel Plates for Special ApplicationsASNT2RP SNT-TC-1A, Personnel Qualification and C
49、ertification in Nondestructive TestingASTM3G-146, Standard Practice for Evaluation of Disbonding of Bimetallic Stainless Alloy/Steel Plate for Use in High-Pressure, High-Temperature Refinery Hydrogen Service AWS4A4.2, Standard Procedures for Calibrating Magnetic Instruments to Measure the Delta Ferrite Content of Austenitic and Duplex Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steel Weld MetalAWS A4.3, Standard Methods for Determination of the Diffusible Hydrogen Content of Martensitic, Bainitic, and Ferritic Steel Weld Metal Produced by Arc WeldingWRC5Bulletin 342, Stainless Steel Wel
