1、Specification for Wire RopeAPI SPECIFICATION 9ATWENTY-SIXTH EDITION, MAY 2011EFFECTIVE DATE: NOVEMBER 1, 2011 ERRATA, OCTOBER 2012 REAFFIRMED, APRIL 2016Specification for Wire RopeUpstream SegmentAPI SPECIFICATION 9ATWENTY-SIXTH EDITION, MAY 2011EFFECTIVE DATE: NOVEMBER 1, 2011ERRATA, OCTOBER 2012RE
2、AFFIRMED, APRIL 2016Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assi
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5、y and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities h
6、aving jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where
7、these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible f
8、or complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
9、by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2011 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API pu
10、blication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of
11、letters patent.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions
12、concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any partof the material published herein shou
13、ld also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telepho
14、ne (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiv Contents Page Sp
15、ecial Notes 2 Foreword iii Introduction . vii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative References . 1 3 Terms and Definitions . 2 4 Requirements . 2 4.1 Material . 2 4.2 Rope Manufacture . 3 4.3 Diameter . 5 4.4 Lay Length 6 4.5 Breaking Force. 6 4.6 Length . 8 5 Verification of Requirements and Test Methods 8 5.1 Pro
16、cesses Requiring Validation. 8 5.2 Stranded Ropes and Spiral Ropes 8 5.3 Tests on Well-measuring Wire . 10 5.4 Tests on Well-servicing Strands 10 5.5 Facilities for Witnessing Tests . 10 6 Information for Use . 10 6.1 Certificate . 10 6.2 Packaging and Marking 11 Annex A (normative) Dimensional and
17、Mechanical Properties of Round Wires (Before Rope Fabrication) 12 Annex B (normative) Methods of Wire Testing for Levels 2, 3, 4, and 5 22 Annex C (normative) Tables of Breaking Forces for the More Common Classes, Sizes, and Grades of Stranded Ropes Up to and Including 60 mm Diameter . 24 Annex D (n
18、ormative) Physical Dimensions and Mechanical Properties of Well-servicing Strand . 41 Annex E (informative) Large Diameter Ropes 42 Annex F (normative) Calculation of Minimum Breaking Force for Ropes in Accordance with Annex CRope Grades 1770, 1960, and 2160 . 44 Annex G (normative) Sampling and Acc
19、eptance Criteria for Type Testing of Ropes Produced in Series 46 Annex H (normative) Determination of Breaking Force (Method 1) . 48 Annex I (informative) Tests on Wires from the Rope (if Specified by the Purchaser) . 49 Annex J (informative) Requirements for Bright or Drawn Galvanized Well-measurin
20、g Wire 52 Annex K (informative) Information with Enquiry or Order 53 Annex L (informative) Use of the API Monogram by Licensees . 54 Bibliography 57 vi Figures 1 Method of Measuring Rope Diameter 8 Tables 1 Range of Wire Tensile Strength Grades 2 2 Tolerances on Rope Diameter (Stranded Rope) . 5 3 P
21、ermissible Differences Between Any Two Diameter Measurements . 5 4 Breaking Force Testing Requirements 7 A.1 Permitted Variations in Tensile Strength . 12 A.2 Diameter Tolerances, Minimum Number of Torsions, and Minimum Masses of Zinc for Tensile Strength Grades 1370 N/mm2, 1570 N/mm2, 1770 N/mm2, 1
22、960 N/mm2, and 2160 N/mm2. 13 A.3 Diameter Tolerances for Bright and Drawn Galvanized Wires 15 A.4 Diameter Tolerances for Final Galvanized Wires . 15 A.5 Minimum Breaking Force and Minimum Number of Torsions for Levels 2, 3, 4, and 5 16 A.6 Minimum masses of Zinc for Drawn Galvanized Wire Levels 2,
23、 3, 4, and 5 . 21 A.7 Minimum Masses of Zinc for Final Galvanized Wire Levels 2, 3, 4, and 5 . 21 B.1 Applied Tension for Torsion Tests . 23 C.1 Class 6 7 Fiber Core 25 C.2 Class 6 7 Steel Core 26 C.3 Class 6 19M Fiber Core . 27 C.4 Class 6 19M Steel Core . 28 C.5 Class 6 37M Fiber Core . 29 C.6 Cla
24、ss 6 37M Steel Core . 30 C.7 Class 6 19 Fiber Core 31 C.8 Class 6 19 Steel Core 32 C.9 Class 6 36 Fiber Core 33 C.10 Class 6 36 Steel Core 34 C.11 Class 8 19 Steel Core 35 C.12 Class 8 36 Steel Core 36 C.13 Class 18 7 . 37 C.14 Class 34(M) 7 . 38 C.15 Class 35(W) 7 . 39 C.16 Class 6 V25TS Steel Core
25、 . 40 D.1 Diameters, Diameter Tolerances, and Minimum Breaking Forces . 41 E.1 ClassLarge Diameter, Six-stranded Rope 42 E.2 ClassLarge Diameter Spiral Strand 43 E.3 ClassLarge Diameter Full-locked Coil 43 F.1 Factors for Stranded Wire Ropes for General Lifting Applications 45 H.1 Test Lengths . 48
26、I.1 Permissible Reduction of Minimum Mass of Zinc-coating of Wires for Stranded Ropes 51 J.1 Diameters, Diameter Tolerances, Minimum Breaking Forces, Torsions, and Elongation . 52 vii Introduction This standard was developed in response to worldwide demand for minimum specifications for ropes for us
27、e on equipment and machinery associated with the petroleum and natural gas industries. In recognition of equipment already in use and originally designed to accommodate rope sizes (nominal rope diameters) based on “English” units, some of the more common “converted SI unit” sizes have also been incl
28、uded. In addition, and in recognition of equipment already in use and designed to operate with ropes having specific rope grades (e.g. IPS), based on “U.S.” wire levels, these grades have also been included in order to give prominence to the required minimum values of breaking force associated with
29、these grades and help to ensure that existing design safety levels are maintained. Having due regard to size and breaking force for a particular rope class or construction, in some cases it is possible to safely substitute a U.S. customary size and grade with one based solely on SI units and grade,
30、and vice-versa. To assist in this process, this standard gives a size range for each nominal rope diameter and equivalent minimum breaking forces (converted from U.S. customary units) for comparison, although it is recommended that the equipment designer or rope manufacturer (or other competent pers
31、on) is consulted prior to ordering a substitute rope. It should also be noted that a particular design of rope may be capable of offering a higher breaking force value than the one specified either in the relevant table in this standard or by the manufacturer in their catalogue. In such cases, a hig
32、her minimum breaking force value (or actual breaking force value if the rope has already been manufactured and tested) may be provided by the manufacturer before an order is placed. Designers of new equipment are encouraged to select ropes having the preferred SI units and grades. To complement this
33、 standard, ISO 17893 covering definitions, designation, and classification has been prepared. 1 Specification for Wire Rope 1 Scope This standard specifies the minimum requirements and terms of acceptance for the manufacture and testing of steel wire ropes not exceeding rope grade 2160 for the petro
34、leum and natural gas industries. The following products are covered by this specification: wire rope, bright- or drawn-galvanized wire rope, well-measuring wire, and well-measuring strand. Typical applications include tubing lines, rod hanger lines, sand lines, cable-tool drilling and clean out line
35、s, cable tool casing lines, rotary drilling lines, winch lines, horse head pumping unit lines, torpedo lines, mast-raising lines, guideline tensioner lines, riser tensioner lines, and mooring and anchor lines. Ropes for lifting slings and cranes, and wire for well-measuring and strand for well-servi
36、cing, are also included. The minimum breaking forces for the more common sizes, grades, and constructions of stranded rope are given in tables. However, this standard does not restrict itself to the classes covered by those tables. Other types, such as ropes with compacted strands and compacted (swa
37、ged) ropes, may also conform with its requirements. The minimum breaking force values for these ropes are provided by the manufacturer. For information only, other tables present the minimum breaking forces for large diameter stranded and spiral ropes (i.e. spiral strand and locked coil), while appr
38、oximate nominal length masses for the more common stranded rope constructions and large diameter stranded and spiral ropes are also given. 2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited ap
39、plies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2232:1990 1, Round drawn wire for general purpose non-alloy steel wire ropes and for large diameter steel wire ropesSpecifications ISO 4345, Steel wire ropesFiber main coresSpecificat
40、ion ISO 4346, Steel wire ropes for general purposesLubricantsBasic requirements ISO 6892-1, Metallic materialsTensile testingMethod of test a room temperature ISO 7500-1, Metallic materialsVerification of static uniaxial testing machinesPart 1: Tension/compression testing machinesVerification and ca
41、libration of the force-measuring system ISO 7800, Metallic materialsWireSimple torsion test ISO 7801, Metallic materialsWireReverse bend test ISO 17893, Steel wire ropesVocabulary, designation and classification 1International Organization for Standardization, 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale
42、56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, www.iso.org. 2 SPECIFICATION FOR WIRE ROPE 3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17893 apply. 4 Requirements 4.1 Material 4.1.1 Wire The wires for stranded ropes and well-servicing strand of carbon steel
43、 shall, before rope fabrication, conform to the diameter, tensile, torsion, and when applicable, zinc-coating requirements specified in Annex A. The methods of test for wires of tensile strength grades 1370 N/mm2, 1570 N/mm2, 1770 N/mm2, 1960 N/mm2, and 2160 N/mm2shall be in accordance with those gi
44、ven in ISO 2232. The methods of test for wires of tensile strength grades Levels 2, 3, 4, and 5 shall be in accordance with Annex B. For those ropes where a rope grade is applicable, the tensile strength grade of the wires shall be subject to the limits given in Table 1. NOTE The minimum breaking fo
45、rce values of those ropes of grades 1770, 1960, and 2160 as covered by the tables are calculated on the basis of rope grade and not individual wire tensile strength grades or levels. Table 1Range of Wire Tensile Strength Grades Rope Grade Wire Tensile Strength Grades N/mm21770 1570 or Level 2 to 196
46、0 or Level 4 1960 1770 or Level 3 to 2160 or Level 5 2160 1960 or Level 4 to 2160 or Level 5 IPS Level 2 or 1570 to Level 4 or 1960 EIP Level 3 or 1770 to Level 5 or 2160 EEIP Level 4 or 1960 to Level 5 or 2160 For those ropes (e.g. larger diameter ropes) where a rope grade is not applicable, the te
47、nsile strength grades of the wires shall be one, or a combination, of those given in Annex A. All wires of the same nominal diameter in the same wire layer shall be of the same tensile strength grade. Well-measuring wire and wires used in the manufacture of well-servicing strand shall normally be of
48、 carbon steel but other materials (e.g. stainless steel) may be used. The purchaser should specify any particular material requirements. 4.1.2 Core Cores of stranded ropes shall normally be of steel or fiber, although other types, such as composites (e.g. steel plus fibers or plastics) or cores made
49、 of solid polymer, may also be supplied. The purchaser should specify the type of core. Fiber cores shall conform to ISO 4345. API SPECIFICATION 9A 3 The fiber cores for single-layer stranded ropes larger than 8 mm diameter shall be doubly closed (i.e. from yarn into strand and from strand into rope). Natural fiber cores shall be treated with an impregnating compound to inhibit rotting and decay. Steel cores shall be either an independent wire rope (IWRC) or wire strand (WSC). Steel cores of single-layer stranded ropes larger tha
