1、Specification for the Fabrication of Structural Steel PipeAPI SPECIFICATION 2BSIXTH EDITION, JULY 2001EFFECTIVE DATE: JANUARY 1, 2002REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2012Specification for the Fabrication of Structural Steel PipeUpstream SegmentAPI SPECIFICATION 2BSIXTH EDITION, JULY 2001EFFECTIVE DATE: JANUARY 1
2、, 2002REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2012SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or supplie
3、rs towarn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning healthand safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed-eral laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticular mate
4、rials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer orsupplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, a
5、pparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least everyfive years. Sometimes
6、a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this reviewcycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as anoperative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Statusof the publication can be ascertained from the
7、standardization manager telephone (202)682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updatedquarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri-ate notification and partic
8、ipation in the developmental process and is designated as an APIstandard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developedshould be directed in writing to the standardization manager,
9、American Petroleum Institute,1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce ortranslate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the gen-eral manager.API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sou
10、nd engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit anyone from using a
11、ny other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the markingrequirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicablerequirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact con
12、form to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API P
13、ublishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2001 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThis specification is under the jurisdiction of the API Committee on Standardization ofOffshore Structures.The purpose of this specification is to provide standards for the fabrication
14、of structuralsteel pipe formed from plate steel and suitable for use in construction of welded offshorestructures.This specification shall become effective on the date printed on the cover but may beused voluntarily from the date of distribution. Fabricators interested in obtaining a monogram licens
15、e should either write the APIoffice 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005 for an application package or a copy ofthe Composite List of Manufacturers Licensed for Use of the API Monogram, Product No.G00006.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been madeby the
16、Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; how-ever, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with thispublication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or dam-age resulting from its use or for
17、the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulationwith which this publication may conflict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the general manager,Upstream Segment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.20005.iiiCONTENTSPage1 SCOPE 12 REF
18、ERENCES 13 DEFINITIONS 14 MATERIAL. 15 FABRICATION. 25.1 General . 25.2 Welding Procedure Qualification . 25.3 Welder and Welding Operator Qualification 25.4 Longitudinal Welds. 25.5 Girth Welds. 25.6 36 DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES 36.1 Diameter, Length, and Wall Thickness. 36.2 Roundness 36.3 Circumf
19、erence 36.4 Straightness 36.5 Pipe Ends 37 INSPECTION AND REPAIR . 37.1 Inspection. 37.2 Weld Inspection 37.3 Nondestructive Examination 37.4 Repair of Base Metal Imperfections 38 MARKING 4APPENDIX ASUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS. 6APPENDIX BMETRIC CONVERSION TABLE. 8FiguresA-1Plate Rolling Direction Or
20、ientation. 6Tables B-1Metric Conversion Table 8v-1Suggestions for Ordering API 2B PipeIn placing orders for steel pipe to be fabricated in accordance with API Specification 2B, the pur-chaser should specify the following on the purchase order: Specification API 2B Quantity As required Size Nominal l
21、ength, wall thickness, and outsidediameter ASTM (or other industry standard) Specification/Grade/designation for steel plate Supplementary requirements Delivery date and shipping instructions As requiredThe purchaser should state whether any of the following optional requirements are to apply: Mill
22、test certificate for steel plate End finish (specify, if not standard 30degree bevel) SRl, plate direction of rollingLongitudinal“S-lL”Transverse“S-lT” SR2, notch toughness (specify test temperatures and minimum energy requirements) SR3, 100% radiographic examination (joint can quality assurance) SR
23、4, matching weld toughness for designated plate materialNothing in this specification should be interpreted as indicating a preference by the committee forany optional requirement. In the selection of requirements, the purchaser must be guided by thepurchasers experience and by the service for which
24、 the pipe is intended.vi1Specification for the Fabrication of Structural Steel Pipe1 Scope1.1This specification covers the fabrication of structuralsteel pipe formed from plate steel with longitudinal and cir-cumferential butt-welded seams, typically in sizes 14 in. out-side diameter (OD) and larger
25、 (40 in. and larger for LWDS)with wall thickness 3/8in. and greater (up to a nominal 40 ftin length) suitable for use in construction of welded offshorestructures. The use of the ERW process or spiral welded pipeis not included in this specification. Pipe fabricated under thisspecification is intend
26、ed to be used primarily in piling andmain structural members, including tubular truss connections,where internal stiffeners are not usually required. 1.2Manufacturers desiring to apply the API Monogram tothe products covered by this specification shall demonstrateto the satisfaction of the American
27、Petroleum Institute a pro-gram of education, training, experience, and/or examinationassuring the manufacturers personnel are competent in weld-ing, inspection, nondestructive examination, and testingrequired or referenced by this specification. 2 ReferencesThe following specifications and standards
28、 become a part ofand shall be considered concurrently with this specification: ASTM1A 699General Requirements for Rolled SteelPlates, Shapes, Sheet Piling, and Bars for Structural Use A 20-99General Requirements for Delivery of SteelPlates for Pressure Vessels A 370-97 Mechanical Testing of Steel Pr
29、oducts E 23-98Notched Bar Impact Testing of MetallicMaterials AWS2D1.1-2000Structural Welding CodeSteel 3 DefinitionsFor the purpose of this standard, the following definitionsapply:3.1 can:A section of structural steel pipe with no girthseam. 3.2 fabricator:The person, firm, company, or corpora-tio
30、n executing the contract or agreement with the purchaser tofabricate the structural steel pipe under this specification. 3.3 girth weld:A circumferential butt-welded seamlying in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis ofthe pipe, used to join tubular sections into lengths ofstraight pipe.3.4
31、 longitudinal seam:A butt-welded seam which par-allels the axis of the pipe.3.5 longitudinally welded double seam (LWDS)pipe:A can with two longitudinal seams, one of which maybe made in the flat plate condition. 3.6 manufacturer:The firm, company, or corporation-furnishing plate steel used in the f
32、abrication of the structuralsteel pipe.3.7 mill pipe:A structural steel pipe consisting of multiplecans joined by girth welds. 3.8 pile:A cylindrical tubular member fabricated fromone or more lengths of structural steel pipe, usually driventhrough a leg or sleeve of an offshore platform, that carrie
33、svertical loads and resists lateral forces. 3.9 pipe weld:A longitudinal seam made after the platehas been formed into pipe. 3.10 plate weld:A longitudinal seam made between flatplates which are subsequently formed into pipe. 3.11 purchaser:The person, firm, company, or corpora-tion entering into a
34、contract or agreement for the purchase ofstructural steel pipe fabricated under this specification. 3.12 single seam welded pipe:A can with one longitu-dinal seam, produced by a continuous welding process. 3.13 structural steel pipe:A cylindrical tubular mem-ber formed from steel plate, having a uni
35、form material and wallthickness, with longitudinal and/or circumferential butt weldedseams, comprising of the following types: can, single seamwelded pipe, longitudinally welded double seam (LWDS) andmill pipe.4 Material4.1Pipe furnished to this specification shall be fabricatedfrom plate steel as s
36、pecified by the purchaser. 4.2The purchaser shall specify the grade and quality ofplate steel to be used. When the plate steel is furnished by thefabricator, a mill test certificate must be available and shall befurnished to the purchaser upon request. All plate shall bear1ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
37、e, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428.2American Welding Society, 550 N.W. Le Jeune Road, Miami, Florida33126.SPECIFICATIONFORTHEFABRICATIONOFSTRUCTURALSTEELPIPE2mill identification numbers, including sections cut to sizefrom the original mill-produced plate. Note: Ultrasonic inspection, as a supp
38、lementary requirement to the designatedplate specification, may be specified, if desired, when structural steel pipe is tobe used in the fabrication of tubular joint cans in T, Y, and/or K connectionswhere freedom from laminations and/or other internal defections is required.5 Fabrication5.1 GENERAL
39、5.1.1Forming pipe furnished to this specification shall nor-mally be formed below 400F, that is, cold formed. Warmforming (between 800F and 1200F or 50F below the tem-pering temperature of quenched and tempered steels) may beemployed provided forming procedures for heat treated orTMCP steel are qual
40、ified to demonstrate the mechanicalstrength properties required by the original plate specificationare met in the warm formed condition. Hot forming (abovethe upper critical temperature) may also be employed pro-vided the forming procedure is qualified to demonstrate allmechanical properties require
41、d by the original plate specifica-tions are met. 5.1.2The purchaser may specify Supplementary Require-ment 1 if the rolled direction of the plate is desired to be ori-ented in a specific direction during the forming of the pipe,and the pipe shall be so identified. 5.1.3All welding shall be in accord
42、ance with AWS D1.1-2000, Structural Welding CodeSteel. Unless otherwiseapproved by the purchaser, the submerged arc welding pro-cess shall be employed for all weldingexcept tack welds,root passes and repair welding where other AWS approvedprocesses may be utilized. All welds shall be complete jointp
43、enetration groove welds produced by employing AWS D1.1prequalified joint details, or other joint configurations quali-fied by procedure qualification testing.Welding electrodes and fluxes shall conform to applicableAWS specifications and shall be selected to match the mini-mum ultimate strength of t
44、he base material, and to provide aminimum of 20 ft-lbs Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact energyat 0F. Matching CVN toughness may be specified by invok-ing Supplementary Requirement S4. If the AWS specification requirement for the electrodes andfluxes to be employes is less than the foregoing, or if thewel
45、ding procedure falls outside the range of essential vari-ables tested in the AWS specification, then Charpy test speci-mens shall be removed from a simulated production weld andtested in accordance with Annex III of AWS D1.1. The deposited weld metal shall possess an energy value notless than indica
46、ted. The foregoing requirements shall applyseparately to the final condition of plate welds, pipe welds,and girth welds. All welding shall conform to the minimum workmanshipstandards of Section 5 of AWS D1.1.5.2 WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATIONThe welding procedures shall be established in accor-danc
47、e with AWS D1.1. Written pre qualified welding proce-dures may be employed by the fabricator provided theprocedure complies with all requirements (joint detail, fillermetal, and so forth) for pre qualified status detailed inAppendix IV of AWS D1.1. More stringent Charpy V-notchtoughness in the weld
48、and/or heat affected zones thanrequired in 5.1.3 above may be obtained, if desired, by spec-ification of Supplementary Requirement (SR2).The welding procedures shall be established in accor-dance with AWS D1.1. Written pre qualified welding proce-dures may be employed by the fabricator provided thep
49、rocedure complies with all requirements (joint detail, fillermetal, etc.) for pre qualified status detailed in Appendix IVof AWS D.1.1 More stringent CVN toughness in the weldand/or heat affected zones than required in Par. 3.3. abovemay be obtained, if desired, by specification of Supplemen-tary Requirement S2.The foregoing requirements shall apply separately toplate welds, pipe welds and girth welds.5.3 WELDER AND WELDING OPERATOR QUALIFICATIONWelders and welding operators shall be qualified in accor-dance with AWS D1.1, Chapter 4, Part B or C, as applica-ble
