1、Guide for Proportioning Concrete Mixtures with Ground Limestone and Other Mineral FillersReported by ACI Committee 211ACI 211.7R-15First PrintingMay 2015ISBN: 978-1-942727-15-6Guide for Proportioning Concrete Mixtures with Ground Limestone and Other Mineral FillersCopyright by the American Concrete
2、Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of ACI.The technical committees responsible for ACI committee repo
3、rts and standards strive to avoid ambiguities, omissions, and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACI documents occasionally find information or requirements that may be subject to more than one interpretation or may be incomplete or incorrect. Users who have suggestio
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8、 and safety practices appropriate to the specific circumstances involved with its use. ACI does not make any representations with regard to health and safety issues and the use of this document. The user must determine the applicability of all regulatory limitations before applying the document and
9、must comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including but not limited to, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) health and safety standards.Participation by governmental representatives in the work of the American Concrete Institute and in the development of In
10、stitute standards does not constitute governmental endorsement of ACI or the standards that it develops.Order information: ACI documents are available in print, by download, on CD-ROM, through electronic subscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI.Most ACI standards and committee
11、reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual of Concrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331Phone: +1.248.848.3700Fax: +1.248.848.3701www.concrete.orgThe use of ground limestone and other mineral fillers can enhance the per
12、formance, economy, and sustainability of concrete mixtures. Modifications to the conventional proportioning method in ACI 211.1 are needed to incorporate these materials. This document describes ground limestone and other mineral fillers, including their properties, characterization, and qualificati
13、on, and effects on concrete properties and sustainability. Recommendations are provided for proportioning concrete mixtures with these materials.Keywords: dust-of-fracture; ground limestone; mineral fillers; mixture proportioning; paste volume; powder content; proportioning.CONTENTSCHAPTER 1INTRODUC
14、TION, p. 2CHAPTER 2DEFINITIONS, p. 2CHAPTER 3CONSTITUENT MATERIALS, p. 23.1Introduction, p. 23.2Ground limestone, p. 33.3Dust-of-fracture mineral filler, p. 3CHAPTER 4GROUND LIMESTONE AND MINERAL FILLER CHARACTERIZATION AND QUALIFICATION, p. 34.1Introduction, p. 34.2Morphology (shape, angularity, an
15、d texture), p. 34.3Mineralogy, p. 34.4Particle size and particle size distribution, p. 34.5Deleterious materials, p. 4Gary F. Knight, ChairTimothy S. Folks, Vice ChairEd T. McGuire, SecretaryACI 211.7R-15Guide for Proportioning Concrete Mixtures with Ground Limestone and Other Mineral FillersReporte
16、d by ACI Committee 211William L. BarringerKatie J. BartojayMuhammed P. A. BasheerJames C. BlankenshipCasimir J. BognackiMichael J. BoyleRamon L. CarrasquilloBryan R. CastlesTeck L. ChuaJames E. CookJohn F. CookDavid A. CrockerD. Gene DanielKirk K. DeadrickDonald E. DixonDarrell F. ElliotDavid W. Fow
17、lerG. Terry HarrisRichard D. HillDavid L. HollingsworthSaid IravaniTarif M. JaberRobert S. JenkinsJoe KelleyEric P. KoehlerFrank A. KozeliskiDarmawan LudirdjaAllyn C. LukeKevin A. MacDonaldGary R. MassWarren E. McPherson Jr.Jon I. MullarkyKarthik H. OblaH. Celik OzyildirimJames S. PierceSteven A. Ra
18、ganRoyce J. RhoadsJohn P. RiesG. Michael RobinsonJames M. Shilstone Jr.Ava ShypulaWoodward L. VogtMichael A. WhisonantSubcommittee MembersDavid AnstineDale P. BentzJoseph A. DaczkoKenneth W. DayTimothy S. FolksPlinio Estuardo HerreraKenneth G. KazanisGuy LortieNicholas J. PopoffLane G. ShawLawrence
19、L. SutterCaroline M. TalbotPaul D. TennisPaul J. ThomasJohn W. VaughanHermann W. WentzConsulting MemberJames N. LingscheitACI Committee Reports, Guides, and Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing, and inspecting construction. This document is intended for the use of
20、 individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all responsibility for the stated principles. The Insti
21、tute shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom.Reference to this document shall not be made in contract documents. If items found in this document are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, they shall be restated in mandatory language for incorpo
22、ration by the Architect/Engineer.ACI 211.7R-15 was adopted and published May 2015.Copyright 2015, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechanical
23、device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduc-tion or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors.14.6Relative density (specific gravity), p. 4CHAPTER 5EFFECTS ON CONCRETE PROPERTIES, p
24、. 45.1Rheology and workability, p. 45.2Placement and finishing characteristics, p. 55.3Strength, p. 55.4Setting time, p. 65.5Durability, p. 6CHAPTER 6PROPORTIONING METHODS, p. 76.1Basic relationships, p. 76.2Modified ACI 211.1 method for ground limestone, p. 86.3nullModified ACI 211.1 method for dus
25、t-of-fracture mineral fillers, p. 9CHAPTER 7SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS, p. 107.1Wet mineral filler in manufactured sand, p. 107.2Dry mineral filler, p. 117.3 Adjustment of trial batches, p. 12CHAPTER 8SUSTAINABILITY, p. 128.1Ground limestone, p. 128.2Dust-of-fracture mineral fillers, p. 12CHAPTER 9REFERENC
26、ES, p. 13CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONThis guide provides recommendations for proportioning normalweight concrete with ground limestone and dust-of-fracture mineral fillers. It is intended to supplement ACI 211.1. Proportioning methods for ground limestone and for dust-of-fracture mineral filler are discuss
27、ed separately.Mineral filler is defined as a finely divided mineral product at least 65 percent of which passes the No. 200 (75 m) sieve. Ground limestone is a purposefully manufactured fine product composed primarily of calcium carbonate and with particles sized within narrow ranges. Ground limesto
28、ne has been used successfully in concrete in Europe for decades, either added to the concrete mixture separately from the cement or interground with clinker to form portland-lime-stone cement.Dust-of-fracture mineral filler is rock dust created during production, processing, or handling of quarried
29、stone. Such materials are not purposefully manufactured and can vary in mineral composition and other physical characteristics, depending on the parent stone from which they are derived, the crushing process, and the washing or air separation process.This guide does not address precipitated calcium
30、carbonate or material finer than the No. 200 (75 m) sieve in natural sand. Although ground limestone typically falls within the definition of mineral filler, it is dealt with separately in this guide from other mineral fillers. It is manufactured under controlled conditions to be a consistent produc
31、t. Dust-of-fracture mineral filler consisting primarily of calcium carbonate is not considered ground limestone.The aggregate suspension mixture proportioning method described in ACI 211.6T has been used to proportion concrete with ground limestone and dust-of-fracture mineral filler.Concrete mixtur
32、e proportioning is becoming more crit-ical with changing government regulations and policies for sustainable development in the construction industry. Ground limestone has a lower embodied energy and lower CO2emission during its production than an equivalent mass of portland cement. This guide can f
33、acilitate the use of ground limestone and other mineral fillers as a means of optimizing the cementitious materials content of concrete, thereby increasing sustainability.Applicability of these materials is not limited to a select class or type of concrete but can be considered for use in a wide var
34、iety of applications and production methods. The described proportioning methods provide a first approxima-tion of proportions intended for trial batches in the labo-ratory or field, which should be adjusted as necessary to produce the desired characteristics of the concrete.Ground limestone and dus
35、t-of-fracture mineral filler can also be used in structural lightweight concrete. The princi-ples described herein can be similarly used to modify ACI 211.2 to incorporate these materials.CHAPTER 2DEFINITIONSACI provides a comprehensive list of definitions through an online resource, “ACI Concrete T
36、erminology,” http:/www.concrete.org/tools/concreteterminology.aspx. Defini-tions provided herein complement that source.ground limestonematerial with specified amount of calcium carbonate and produced by milling the rock to a specific particle size distribution.paste volumevolume of cementitious mat
37、erials and other powders, water, and chemical admixtures.powdersolid materials finer than approximately 75 m including cement, supplementary cementitious materials, and the portion of fine aggregate, ground limestone, and other minerals fillers finer than 75 m.water-powder ratioratio of the mass of
38、water, excluding that absorbed by the aggregate, to the mass of powder in a mixture, stated as a decimal and abbreviated w/p.CHAPTER 3CONSTITUENT MATERIALS3.1IntroductionThe selection of constituent materials when propor-tioning concrete with ground limestone or dust-of-fracture mineral filler is ve
39、ry similar to the typical selection process described in ACI 211.1. Mixture constituents such as coarse and fine aggregate (ACI 221R), cementitious materials (ACI 225R; ACI 232.2R; ACI 233R; ACI 234R), admixtures (ACI 212.3R), and water that are commonly used for propor-tioning concrete are usually
40、suitable when proportioning with ground limestone and dust-of-fracture mineral filler. The most significant adjustments to proportions will be in amount of water used, the type and dosage of admixtures, and minor changes to coarse and fine aggregate ratios.American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Mat
41、erial www.concrete.org2 PROPORTIONING CONCRETE MIXTURES WITH GROUND LIMESTONE AND OTHER MINERAL FILLERS (ACI 211.7R-15)3.2Ground limestoneGround limestone is manufactured to a specific and consis-tent particle size distribution. A wide variety of different median particle sizes is available. Ground
42、limestone is made up primarily of calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate occurs in three distinct crystal forms: calcite, aragonite, and vaterite. Calcite has a hexagonal crystal system and is predominant in nature.Ground limestone may be used to replace cementi-tious materials or to increase the tota
43、l powder content in the mixture without increasing the cementitious materials content. The amount used depends on the characteristics of the ground limestone and the desired concrete properties.3.3Dust-of-fracture mineral fillerDust-of-fracture mineral filler is produced during crushing of large qua
44、rried stone or gravel. The shape and particle size distribution can vary depending on the parent material and methods of production. This material should be essentially free of clay or shale for use in concrete. Dust-of-fracture mineral fillers may be supplied in one of two forms:1. DryThis material
45、 is mechanically processed as a dry and loose powder, stored in silos, and transported in pneu-matic tankers.2. WetThis material is usually combined with manufac-tured sand. The combined material is commonly called No. 10 screening, dry screening, crusher fines, or simply manu-factured sand. It usua
46、lly has a moisture content greater than 1 percent. The moisture comes from the water used for dust suppression and exposure to precipitation while in a stockpile.Dust-of-fracture mineral filler finer than the No. 200 (75 m) sieve in unwashed manufactured sand typically ranges from 10 to 20 percent o
47、f the sand mass. Washing is often performed to reduce this amount to less than 5 or 7 percent as required by ASTM C33/C33M.CHAPTER 4GROUND LIMESTONE AND MINERAL FILLER CHARACTERIZATION AND QUALIFICATION4.1IntroductionGround limestone and dust-of-fracture mineral filler are derived from a variety of
48、sources and can differ widely in their characteristics. The main characteristics affecting concrete properties are particle morphology (shape, angu-larity, and texture), mineralogy, particle size, particle size distribution, deleterious materials, and density. These char-acteristics ultimately deter
49、mine concrete performance.Specification limits should be set to assure that these prop-erties are suitable and sufficiently consistent for the intended use. Limits for ground limestone in blended cements are described in ASTM C595/C595M.4.2Morphology (shape, angularity, and texture)The particle morphology of ground limestone and dust-of-fracture mineral filler can be described in terms of shape, angularity, and texture. Shape generally describes geomet-rical characteristics at the coarsest scale, angularity at an intermediate scale,
