1、ACI ITG-4.2R-06Materials and Quality Considerationsfor High-Strength Concrete in Moderateto High Seismic ApplicationsReported by ACI Innovation Task Group 4 and Other ContributorsAmerican Concrete InstituteAdvancing concrete knowledgeMaterials and Quality Considerations for High-Strength Concretein
2、Moderate to High-Seismic ApplicationsFirst printingOctober 2006ISBN 0-87031-225-1Copyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This materialmay not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or otherdistribution
3、 and storage media, without the written consent of ACI.The technical committees responsible for ACI committee reports and standards strive to avoid ambiguities,omissions, and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACI documents occa-sionally find information or requiremen
4、ts that may be subject to more than one interpretation or may beincomplete or incorrect. Users who have suggestions for the improvement of ACI documents arerequested to contact ACI.ACI committee documents are intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate thesignificance and limit
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7、, incidental,or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost revenues or lost profits, which may resultfrom the use of this publication.It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish health and safety practices appropriate tothe specific circumstances involved with i
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9、to, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)health and safety standards.Order information: ACI documents are available in print, by download, on CD-ROM, through electronicsubscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI.Most ACI standards and committee reports
10、 are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual ofConcrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331U.S.A.Phone: 248-848-3700Fax: 248-848-3701www.concrete.orgACI ITG-4.2R-06 became effective August 15, 2006.Copyright 2006, American Concret
11、e Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by anymeans, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic ormechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproductionor for use in any knowledge or retri
12、eval system or device, unless permission in writingis obtained from the copyright proprietors.ITG-4.2R-1ACI Committee Reports, Guides, Standard Practices, andCommentaries are intended for guidance in planning,designing, executing, and inspecting construction. Thisdocument is intended for the use of
13、individuals who arecompetent to evaluate the significance and limitations of itscontent and recommendations and who will acceptresponsibility for the application of the material it contains.The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and allresponsibility for the stated principles. The Institute s
14、hall notbe liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom.Reference to this document shall not be made in contractdocuments. If items found in this document are desired by theArchitect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, theyshall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation byt
15、he Architect/Engineer.Materials and Quality Considerations forHigh-Strength Concrete in Moderate to HighSeismic ApplicationsReported by ACI Innovation Task Group 4 and Other ContributorsACI ITG-4.2R-06This document addresses materials and quality considerations when usingcast-in-place, normalweight,
16、 high-strength concrete in structures that mustbe designed for moderate to high seismic applications.The term “high-strength concrete,” as defined by ACI Committee 363,refers to concrete having a specified compressive strength for design of8000 psi (55 MPa) or greater. The lower 6000 psi (41 MPa) th
17、reshold,however, was chosen for the ITG-4 document series because it deals with aspecialized application of high-strength concrete in areas of moderateto high seismicity.An accompanying standard, ITG-4.1, is written in mandatory languagein a format that can be adopted by local jurisdictions, and wil
18、l allowbuilding officials to approve the use of high-strength concrete on projectsthat are being constructed under the provisions of ACI 301 and 318. ITG 4.2Ris the supporting document for that standard.ITG 4 has also developed another nonmandatory language document:ITG-4.3R. It addresses structural
19、 design and detailing considerations.Keywords: curing; high-strength concrete; mixture proportioning;placement; preconstruction meeting; production; project specification;quality control; seismic design; supplementary cementitious materials;temperature; trial batches.CONTENTSChapter 1Introduction, p
20、. ITG-4.2R-21.1Background1.2ScopeChapter 2Preamble, p. ITG-4.2R-3Chapter 3Glossary of terms, p. ITG-4.2R-4Chapter 4Properties of high-strength concrete,p. ITG-4.2R-54.1Mechanical properties4.2Durability properties4.3Constructibility propertiesChapter 5Raw materials, p. ITG-4.2R-10Chapter 6Mixture pr
21、oportioning, p. ITG-4.2R-116.1Required strength6.2Water-cementitious material ratio6.3Cementitious materials content6.4Air entrainment6.5Aggregates6.6Supplementary cementitious materials6.7Chemical admixtures6.8Combinations of supplementary cementitiousmaterials and chemical admixtures6.9Proportioni
22、ng for workability6.10Trial batchesJoseph M. Bracci D. Kirk Harman Adolfo MatamorosMichael A. Caldarone Daniel C. Jansen Andrew W. TaylorOther contributorsDominic J. Kelly Andres Lepage Henry G. RussellACI Innovation Task Group 4S. K. GhoshChairITG-4.2R-2 ACI COMMITTEE REPORTChapter 7Mixture submitt
23、al requirements,p. ITG-4.2R-16Chapter 8Preconstruction meetings,p. ITG-4.2R-168.1Batching8.2Transportation8.3PlacementChapter 9Ordering, p. ITG-4.2R-18Chapter 10Raw materials handling, p. ITG-4.2R-18Chapter 11Production and delivery, p. ITG-4.2R-18Chapter 12Concrete temperature control,p. ITG-4.2R-1
24、8Chapter 13Placement, consolidation, and finishing, p. ITG-4.2R-19Chapter 14Curing, p. ITG-4.2R-19Chapter 15Raw material sampling and testing,p. ITG-4.2R-2015.1Sampling method15.2Sample identification15.3TestingChapter 16Concrete sampling and testing,p. ITG-4.2R-2016.1Sampling and testing scheduleCh
25、apter 17Summary and recommendations,p. ITG-4.2R-2117.1Raw materials17.2Mixture proportioning17.3Mixture submittal requirements17.4Preconstruction meetings17.5Ordering17.6Raw materials handling17.7Production and delivery17.8Concrete temperature control17.9Placement, consolidation, and finishing17.10C
26、uring17.11Raw materials sampling and testing17.12Concrete sampling and testingChapter 18References, p. ITG-4.2R-2318.1Referenced standards and reports18.2Cited referencesAppendixSample agenda for preconstruction meeting concerning high-strength concrete,p. ITG-4.2R-26CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1Backgrou
27、ndThe origin of ACIs Innovation Task Group (ITG) 4,High-Strength Concrete for Seismic Applications, can betraced back to an International Conference of BuildingOfficials (ICBO) (now International Code Council ICC)Evaluation Report titled “Seismic Design Utilizing High-Strength Concrete (ER-5536)” (I
28、CC Evaluation Service, Inc.2004). Evaluation Reports (ERs) are issued by EvaluationService subsidiaries of model code groups. An ER essentiallystates that, although a particular method, process, or productis not specifically addressed by a particular edition of acertain model code, it is in complian
29、ce with the requirementsof that particular edition of that model code.ER-5536, first issued in April 2001, was generated for theseismic design of moment-resisting frame elements usinghigh-strength concrete. High-strength concrete was defined as“normalweight concrete with a design compressive strengt
30、hgreater than 6000 psi (41.3 MPa) and up to a maximum of12,000 psi (82.7 MPa).” It was based on research carried outat the University of Southern California and the University ofCalifornia at San Diego to support building construction inSouthern California using concrete with compressivestrengths gr
31、eater than 6000 psi (41 MPa). ER-5536 is avail-able on the ICC website (http:/www.icc-es.org/).The Portland Cement Association (PCA) performed areview of the aforementioned document,*which brought upseveral concerns that focused on inconsistencies between theER and existing industry documents in two
32、 primary areas:material and structural aspects. Irrespective of thoseconcerns, it was evident that the ER had been created becausequality assurance and design provisions are needed by localjurisdictions in cities such as Los Angeles to allow the use ofhigh-strength concrete in a safe manner. ACI has
33、 assumed aproactive role in the development of such provisions with thegoal of creating a document that can be adopted nationwide.Within ACI, Committee 363, High Strength Concrete, wasconsidered the best choice to develop the section addressingmaterials quality considerations aspects of the document
34、,while ACI Committee 318-H, Structural Concrete BuildingCodeSeismic Provisions, was considered the logicalchoice to address seismic detailing aspects. Because ACICommittee 318-H is a subcommittee of a code-writing body,the development of a technical document of this kind is notpart of its intended m
35、ission. Also, producing a document bya technical committee is typically a lengthy process. Basedon these limitations, a request was made to form an InnovationTask Group (ITG) that would have the advantage ofcompleting the desired product within a shorter timeline. Inresponse to the request, the Tech
36、nical Activities Committee(TAC) of ACI approved the formation of ITG 4. Followingthe approval by TAC, David Darwin, then Chair of the TACTechnology Transfer Committee (TTTC), established themission of the ITG. The mission is to develop an ACI documentthat addresses the application of high-strength c
37、oncrete instructures located in areas of moderate and high seismicity.The document is intended to cover structural design, materialproperties, construction procedures, and quality-controlmeasures. It is to be written or contain example language ina format that will allow building officials to approv
38、e the useof high-strength concrete in projects that are beingconstructed under the provisions of ACI 301 and 318.*Unpublished report available from PCA, Skokie, Ill., Aug. 2001.MATERIALS AND QUALITY CONSIDERATIONS FOR HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE ITG-4.2R-3The concept of “areas of moderate and high seismi
39、city”goes back to the days when U.S. seismic codes used to dividethe country into seismic zones, which were regions in whichseismic ground motion on rock, corresponding to a certainprobability of occurrence, was within certain ranges. Giventhat public safety is a primary code objective and that not
40、allbuildings in a given seismic zone are equally crucial topublic safety, a new mechanism for triggering seismic designrequirements and restrictions, called the seismic performancecategory (SPC), was developed. The SPC classificationincluded not only the seismicity at the site, but also theoccupancy
41、 of the structure. Recognizing that building perfor-mance during a seismic event depends not only on the severityof subsurface rock motion, but also on the type of soil uponwhich a structure is founded, seismic design criteria in morerecent seismic codes are based on seismic design categories(SDCs).
42、 The SDC is a function of location, building occupancy,and soil type. The TTTC-established mission of ITG 4 isinterpreted to mean that the task group is to address theapplication of high-strength concrete in structures:Located in Seismic Zones 2, 3, or 4 of the “UniformBuilding Code”;Assigned to SPC
43、s C, D, or E of the “BOCA/NationalBuilding Code” (1993 and subsequent editions) or the“Standard Building Code” (1994 or subsequenteditions); orSDCs C, D, E, or F of the “International BuildingCode” or the National Fire Protection Association(NFPA) 5000 “Building Construction and Safety Code.”SPC or
44、SDC C is also referred to as the “intermediate”SPCs or SDCs. Similarly, SPCs D and E or SDCs D, E, andF are referred to as “high” SPCs or SDCs. The terminology,“moderate to high seismic applications,” however, is usedthroughout the ITG 4 documents.When TAC approved the formation of ITG 4, the approv
45、alwas to “create a nonmandatory standard on the use of high-strength concrete in moderate to high seismic applications.”After some discussion at the TTTC meeting that followed, aconcern was raised that a nonmandatory standard might notbe able to fully satisfy the goals of the ITG, specificallyprovid
46、ing a document that could be implemented with theapproval of a building official.1.2ScopeThe ITG 4 document series addresses the material and designconsiderations when using cast-in-place normalweightconcretes having specified compressive strengths of 6000psi (41 MPa) or greater in structures that m
47、ust be designedfor moderate to high seismic applications. Irrespective ofseismic zone, SPC, or SDC, the ITG-4 document series isalso applicable to cast-in-place normalweight high-strengthconcrete in intermediate or special moment frames and inter-mediate or special structural walls as defined in ACI
48、 318.The term “high-strength concrete,” as defined by ACICommittee 363, refers to concrete having a specifiedcompressive strength for design of 8000 psi (55 MPa) orgreater. The lower 6000 psi (41 MPa) threshold was chosenfor the ITG-4 documents because they deal with a specializedapplication of high
49、-strength concrete application in areas ofmoderate to high seismicity.Even though high-strength concrete is defined based on athreshold compressive strength, the concept of “highstrength” is relative. The limit at which concrete is consideredto be “high-strength” depends largely on the location in whichit is being used. For example, in some regions, structures areroutinely designed with concrete having specified compressivestrengths of 12,000 psi (83 MPa) or higher, whereas in otherregions, concrete with a much lower specified c
