1、Publication Code: LRFD-8 ISBN: 978-1-56051-654-5AASHTO LRFDBridge DesignSpecifications8thEditionSeptember 2017Route 52 Causeway Ocean City and Somers Point The numerous Ornamental Multicolor Lighting choices illuminates the piers on the fully completed Route 52 Causeway Project. This amenity highlig
2、hts what was one of the most complicated, costly and successful projects in NJDOT history. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officia
3、ls 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249 Washington, DC 20001 202-624-5800 phone/202-624-5806 fax www.transportation.org Cover photos: Upper Left: Photo taken in Portland, Oregon, at the 2013 AASHTO Bridge Subcommittee meeting during the dinner cruise on the Willamette River, at sunset. This is th
4、e Tilicum Crossing used for pedestrian traffic and transit. Photo Tony Allen 2013. Upper Right: Award-winning West 7th Street Bridge, Ft. Worth, Texas. Photo TxDOT. Bottom Right: The new two-mile Route 52 Causeway between Somers Pont and Ocean City, NJ; completed in 2012, it is one of the largest br
5、idges constructed by NJDOT in South Jersey. Photo provided by Stokes Creative Group, Inc. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. ISBN: 978-1-56051-654-5 Pub Code: LRFD-8 2017 by the American A
6、ssociation of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.i AASHTO EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 20162017 Voting Members OFFICERS: PRESIDENT: David Bernhardt, Maine* VICE PRESIDENT: John Schroer, Tennessee* SECRETARY-TREASURER: Carlos Braceras,
7、Utah EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Bud Wright, Washington, D. C. REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVES: REGION I: Leslie Richards, Pennsylvania Pete Rahn, Maryland REGION II: Charles Kilpatrick, Virginia James Bass, Texas REGION III: Randall S. Blankenhorn, Illinois Patrick McKenna, Missouri REGION IV: Carlos Braceras, Ut
8、ah Mike Tooley, Montana IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT: vacant *Elected at the 2016 Annual Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts Nonvoting Members Executive Director: Bud Wright, Washington, DC 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a
9、violation of applicable law.ii HIGHWAY SUBCOMMITTEE ON BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES, 2016 GREGG FREDRICK, Chair BRUCE V. JOHNSON, Vice Chair JOSEPH L. HARTMANN, Federal Highway Administration, Secretary PATRICIA J. BUSH, AASHTO Liaison ALABAMA, Eric J. Christie, William “Tim” Colquett, Randall B. Mullins
10、ALASKA, Richard A. Pratt ARIZONA, David B. Benton, David L. Eberhart, Pe-Shen Yang ARKANSAS, Charles “Rick” Ellis CALIFORNIA, Susan Hida, Thomas A. Ostrom, Dolores Valls COLORADO, Behrooz Far, Stephen Harelson, Jessica Martinez CONNECTICUT, Timothy D. Fields DELAWARE, Barry A. Benton, Jason Hastings
11、 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Donald L. Cooney, Konjit C. “Connie” Eskender, Richard Kenney FLORIDA, Sam Fallaha, Dennis William Potter, Jeff Pouliotte GEORGIA, Bill DuVall, Steve Gaston HAWAII, James Fu IDAHO, Matthew Farrar ILLINOIS, Tim A. Armbrecht, Carl Puzey INDIANA, Anne M. Rearick IOWA, Ahmad Abu-H
12、awash, Norman L. McDonald KANSAS, Mark E. Hoppe, John P. Jones KENTUCKY, Mark Hite, Marvin Wolfe LOUISIANA, Arthur DAndrea, Paul Fossier, Zhengzheng “Jenny” Fu MAINE, Jeffrey S. Folsom, Wayne Frankhauser, Michael Wight MARYLAND, Earle S. Freedman, Jeffrey L. Robert, Gregory Scott Roby MASSACHUSETTS,
13、 Alexander K. Bardow, Thomas Donald, Joseph Rigney MICHIGAN, Matthew Jack Chynoweth, David Juntunen MINNESOTA, Arielle Ehrlich, Kevin Western MISSISSIPPI, Austin Banks, Justin Walker, Scott Westerfield MISSOURI, Dennis Heckman, Scott Stotlemeyer MONTANA, Kent M. Barnes, David F. Johnson NEBRASKA, Ma
14、rk Ahlman, Fouad Jaber, Mark J. Traynowicz NEVADA, Troy Martin, Jessen Mortensen NEW HAMPSHIRE, David L. Scott, Peter Stamnas NEW JERSEY, Xiaohua “Hannah” Cheng, Nagnath “Nat” Kasbekar, Eli D. Lambert NEW MEXICO, Ted L. Barber, Raymond M. Trujillo, Jeff C. Vigil NEW YORK, Wahid Albert, Richard March
15、ione NORTH CAROLINA, Brian Hanks, Scott Hidden, Thomas Koch NORTH DAKOTA, Terrence R. Udland OHIO, Alexander B.C. Dettloff, Timothy J. Keller OKLAHOMA, Steven Jacobi, Walter Peters OREGON, Bruce V. Johnson, Tanarat Potisuk, Hormoz Seradj PENNSYLVANIA, James M. Long,Thomas P. Macioce, Lou Ruzzi PUERT
16、O RICO, (Vacant) RHODE ISLAND, Georgette Chahine SOUTH CAROLINA, Barry W. Bowers, Terry B. Koon, Jeff Sizemore SOUTH DAKOTA, Steve Johnson TENNESSEE, John S. Hastings, Wayne J. Seger TEXAS,Bernie Carrasco, Jamie F. Farris, Gregg A. Freeby U.S. DOT, Joseph L. Hartmann UTAH, Carmen Swanwick, Cheryl He
17、rsh Simmons, Joshua Sletten VERMONT, James LaCroix, Wayne B. Symonds VIRGINIA, Prasad L. Nallapaneni, Kendal R. Walus WASHINGTON, Tony M. Allen, Thomas E. Baker, Bijan Khaleghi WEST VIRGINIA, Ahmed Mongi, Billy Varney 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All
18、 rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.iii WISCONSIN, Scot Becker, William C. Dreher, William Olivia WYOMING, Paul G. Cortez, Gregg C. Frederick, Michael E. Menghini GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE, HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT, Kary H. Witt MDTA, Dan Williams N.J. TURNPIKE AUTHORI
19、TY, Richard J. Raczynski N.Y. STATE BRIDGE AUTHORITY, Jeffrey Wright PENN. TURNPIKE COMMISSION, James Stump U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERSDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, Phillip W. Sauser, Christopher H. Westbrook U.S. COAST GUARD, Kamal Elnahal U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE, John R. Kattell K
20、OREA, Eui-Joon Lee, Sang-Soon Lee SASKATCHEWAN, Howard Yea TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD, Waseem Dekelbab 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.FOREWORD The first broadly recognized national st
21、andard for the design and construction of bridges in the United States was published in 1931 by the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO), the predecessor to AASHTO. With the advent of the automobile and the establishment of highway departments in all of the American states dating
22、back to just before the turn of the century, the design, construction, and maintenance of most U.S. bridges was the responsibility of these departments and, more specifically, the chief bridge engineer within each department. It was natural, therefore, that these engineers, acting collectively as th
23、e AASHTO Highway Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures, would become the author and guardian of this first bridge standard. This first publication was entitled Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges and Incidental Structures. It quickly became the de facto national standard and, as such, was a
24、dopted and used by not only the state highway departments but also other bridge-owning authorities and agencies in the United States and abroad. Rather early on, the last three words of the original title were dropped and it has been reissued in consecutive editions at approximately four-year interv
25、als ever since as Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, with the final 17th edition appearing in 2002. The body of knowledge related to the design of highway bridges has grown enormously since 1931 and continues to do so. Theory and practice have evolved greatly, reflecting advances through r
26、esearch in understanding the properties of materials, in improved materials, in more rational and accurate analysis of structural behavior, in the advent of computers and rapidly advancing computer technology, in the study of external events representing particular hazards to bridges such as seismic
27、 events and stream scour, and in many other areas. The pace of advances in these areas has, if anything, stepped up in recent years. In 1986, the Subcommittee submitted a request to the AASHTO Standing Committee on Research to undertake an assessment of U.S. bridge design specifications, to review f
28、oreign design specifications and codes, to consider design philosophies alternative to those underlying the Standard Specifications, and to render recommendations based on these investigations. This work was accomplished under the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), an applied res
29、earch program directed by the AASHTO Standing Committee on Research and administered on behalf of AASHTO by the Transportation Research Board (TRB). The work was completed in 1987, and, as might be expected with a standard incrementally adjusted over the years, the Standard Specifications were judge
30、d to include discernible gaps, inconsistencies, and even some conflicts. Beyond this, the specification did not reflect or incorporate the most recently developing design philosophy, load-and-resistance factor design (LRFD), a philosophy which has been gaining ground in other areas of structural eng
31、ineering and in other parts of the world such as Canada and Europe. From its inception until the early 1970s, the sole design philosophy embedded within the Standard Specifications was one known as working stress design (WSD). WSD establishes allowable stresses as a fraction or percentage of a given
32、 materials load-carrying capacity, and requires that calculated design stresses not exceed those allowable stresses. Beginning in the early 1970s, WSD began to be adjusted to reflect the variable predictability of certain load types, such as vehicular loads and wind forces, through adjusting design
33、factors, a design philosophy referred to as load factor design (LFD). A further philosophical extension results from considering the variability in the properties of structural elements, in similar fashion to load variabilities. While considered to a limited extent in LFD, the design philosophy of l
34、oad-and-resistance factor design (LRFD) takes variability in the behavior of structural elements into account in an explicit manner. LRFD relies on extensive use of statistical methods, but sets forth the results in a manner readily usable by bridge designers and analysts. With this edition, the eig
35、hth, of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, Interim Specifications will no longer be issued. Instead, changes balloted and approved by at least two-thirds of the members of the Subcommittee will be published in the next full edition of the Specifications, to be published on a three-year cy
36、cle. AASHTO members include the 50 State Highway or Transportation Departments, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Each member has one vote. The U.S. Department of Transportation is a non-voting member. Orders for Specifications may be placed by visiting our web site, bookstore.transportatio
37、n.org; calling the AASHTO Publication Sales Office toll free (within the U.S. and Canada), 1-800-231-3475; or mailing to P.O. Box 933538, Atlanta, GA 31193-3538. A free copy of the current publication catalog can be downloaded from our website or requested from the Publications Sales Office. 2017 by
38、 the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.v Attention is also directed to the following publications prepared and published by the Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures: AASHTO Guide for Commonly Recogni
39、zed (CoRe) Structural Elements. 1998. AASHTO Guide Manual for Bridge Element Inspection. 2011. AASHTO Guide Specifications for Horizontally Curved Steel Girder Highway Bridges with Design Examples for I-Girder and Box-Girder Bridges. 2003. Archived. AASHTO Guide SpecificationsThermal Effects in Conc
40、rete Bridge Superstructures. 1989. Archived but download available. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications. 2010. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Guide Specifications for GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks and Traffic Railings. 2009. AASHTO LRFD Movable Highway Bridge Design Specifications. 200
41、7. Bridge Data Exchange (BDX) Technical Data Guide. 1995. Archived. Bridge Security Guidelines, 2011. Bridge Welding Code: AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2010, an American National Standard. 2015. Construction Handbook for Bridge Temporary Works. 2017. Guide Design Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works.
42、2017. Guide for Painting Steel Structures. 1997. Archived. Guide Manual for Condition Evaluation and Load and Resistance Factor Rating (LRFR) of Highway Bridges. 2003. Archived but download available. Guide Specifications and Commentary for Vessel Collision Design of Highway Bridges. 2009. Archived,
43、 download available. Guide Specifications for Alternate Load Factor Design Procedures for Steel Beam Bridges Using Braced Compact Sections. 1991. Archived. Guide Specifications for Aluminum Highway Bridges. 1991. Archived. Guide Specifications for Bridge Railings. 1989. Archived. Guide Specification
44、s for Design and Construction of Segmental Concrete Bridges. 1999. Guide Specifications for Fatigue Evaluation of Existing Steel Bridges. 1990. Archived but download available. Guide Specifications for Highway Bridge Fabrication with HPS 70W (HPS 485W) Steel. 2003. Archived but download available. G
45、uide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design. 2014. Guide Specifications for Strength Design of Truss Bridges (Load Factor Design). 1986. Archived but download available. Guide Specifications for Strength Evaluation of Existing Steel and Concrete Bridges. 1989. Archived but download available. G
46、uide Specifications for Structural Design of Sound Barriers. 1989. Archived but download available. Guide Specifications for the Design of Stress-Laminated Wood Decks. 1991. Archived but download available. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights res
47、erved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.vi Guidelines for Bridge Management Systems. 1993. Archived but download available. LRFD Guide Specifications for Design of Pedestrian Bridges. 2009. The Manual for Bridge Evaluation. 2011. Movable Bridge Inspection, Evaluation, and Maintenance Man
48、ual. 2017. Standard Specifications for Movable Highway Bridges. 1988. Archived but download available. Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals. 2009. Technical Manual for Design and Construction of Road TunnelsCivil Elements. 2010. Additiona
49、l bridges and structures publications prepared and published by other AASHTO committees and task forces are as follows: AASHTO Maintenance Manual: The Maintenance and Management of Roadways and Bridges. 2007. Guide Specifications for Cathodic Protection of Concrete Bridge Decks. 1994. Archived but download available. Guide Specifications for Concrete Overlay of Pavements and Bridge Decks. 1990. Archived but download available. Guide Specifications for Polymer Concrete Bridge Deck Overlays. 1995. Guide Specifications for Shotcrete Repair of Highway Bridges. 1998.
