1、Standard Specification for Bituminous-Coated Corrugated Metal Culvert Pipe and Pipe-Arches AASHTO Designation: M 190-04 (2012) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-4b M 190-1 AASHTO Standard Specificatio
2、n for Bituminous-Coated Corrugated Metal Culvert Pipe and Pipe-Arches AASHTO Designation: M 190-04 (2012) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers bituminous-coated corrugated metal pipe and pipe-arches intended to be used for the construction of metal culverts of the following types. 2. REFERENCED D
3、OCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 36, Corrugated Steel Pipe, Metallic-Coated, for Sewers and Drains M 196, Corrugated Aluminum Pipe for Sewers and Drains T 44, Solubility of Bituminous Materials T 49, Penetration of Bituminous Materials 2.2. ASTM Standards: A849, Standard Specification for Post-Appl
4、ied Coatings, Pavings, and Linings for Corrugated Steel Sewer and Drainage Pipe A862/A862M, Standard Practice for Application of Asphalt Coatings to Corrugated Steel Sewer and Drainage Pipe C670, Standard Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Material
5、s D6/D6M, Standard Test Method for Loss on Heating of Oil and Asphaltic Compounds D1005, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers 3. DESCRIPTION 3.1. This specification covers four types of pipe as follows: Type AFully Bituminous-Coated Type BH
6、alf Bituminous-Coated with Paved-Invert Type CFully Bituminous-Coated and Paved-Invert Type DFully Bituminous-Coated and 100 Percent Paved or Lined 3.2. Bituminous-coated corrugated metal culvert pipe and pipe-arches shall conform to the requirements of M 36 or M 196 and, in addition, shall be coate
7、d with bituminous material as hereinafter described for the particular type specified. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 190-2 AASHTO 3.2.1. Type AThe pipe shall be uniformly coated
8、, inside and outside, to a minimum thickness of 1.3 mm measured on the crest of the corrugations or, in the case of Type 1A pipe, over the inner surface of the pipe. This coating is also used for Type 1A pipe. 3.2.2. Type BThe pipe shall be uniformly coated for approximately one-half the circumferen
9、ce of the pipe (bottom of the pipe installed), inside and outside to a minimum thickness of 1.3 mm and, in addition, the bituminous material shall be applied in such a manner that one or more smooth pavements will be formed in the invert (inside bottom of the pipe when installed), filling the corrug
10、ations for at least 25 percent of the circumference of a pipe and 40 percent of the circumference of a pipe-arch. The pavement shall have a minimum thickness of 3.2 mm above the crest of the corrugations, except where the upper edges intersect the corrugations. 3.2.3. Type CThe pipe shall be fully c
11、oated as required for Type A and, in addition, a smooth pavement shall be provided as required for Type B. 3.2.4. Type DThe pipe shall be fully coated as required for Type A and, in addition, a smooth lining of asphalt shall be centrifugally spun inside the pipe. The lining shall have a minimum thic
12、kness of 3.2 mm above the crest of the corrugations. 4. BITUMINOUS MATERIAL 4.1. The bituminous material for coating shall be an asphalt having the following properties: Limit, % Solubility in trichloroethylene, not less than 99.0 Loss on heating to 163C, not more than 1 Penetration of residue after
13、 heating compared with penetration of same sample before testing for loss on heating, not less than 85 4.2. Shock TestThe bitumen shall be considered acceptable if not more than one of four test specimens shows a crack. If it is difficult to determine visually whether a specimen has cracked, the spe
14、cimen should be removed from the test apparatus and subjected to a slight bending. 4.3. Flow TestsThe bitumen shall be considered acceptable if the flow does not exceed 6.4 mm on either of the two test specimens. 5. TANK CONTROL AND MAINTENANCE 5.1. Tank TemperatureThe asphalt temperature in the tan
15、k shall be maintained between 200 and 210C during the coating operation. 5.2. Tank Cleanliness: 5.2.1. The asphalt in the tank shall be kept free of contaminants such as dirt, drum paper, and asphalt drippings from the shop floor. 5.2.2. The asphalt tank shall be cleaned as necessary with a minimum
16、frequency of once per year. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 190-3 AASHTO 5.2.3. The foam that results from the inadvertent introduction of moisture to the tank shall be skimmed of
17、f or moved to the side of the tank before inserting or extracting the product. 6. PROCEDURE 6.1. Coating ApplicationApply the asphalt coating by inserting the product into the bath twice; the first application results in a thin coating to achieve good adherence, and the second achieves the coating t
18、hickness required in Section 3.2. 6.1.1. Steel surfaces shall be free of dirt, grease, dust, and moisture before placement in the asphalt bath. The product shall be prepared immediately prior to the coating operation. 6.1.2. Rotate any large structures in the tank to ensure that all surfaces are coa
19、ted. 6.1.3. The product must remain in the tank until it achieves a minimum temperature of 190C. The specific time requirements will depend on factors unique to each operation and the product being coated. The time to reach the required temperature is dependent on the initial temperature of the prod
20、uct, the steel thickness, the size of the product, and the volume of the tank. 6.1.4. The following table contains minimum immersion times: Steel Thickness, mm Time, min 1.32 2 to 2.5 1.63 2.5 to 3 2.01 3.5 to 5 2.77 5 to 6 3.50 6.5 to 8 4.27 8 to 14 6.1.5. Cool the product to ambient temperature be
21、fore application of the second coat. 6.1.6. Insert the product a second time to provide the minimum thickness of each surface. 6.2. Paving: 6.2.1. Pave the interior of the coated pipe by applying the hot asphalt from the tank to the interior surface of the pipe to provide a thickness over the crest
22、of the corrugation as required by Section 3.2. Pump the hot asphalt to the pipe by appropriate mechanical means, not by transfer with buckets. The asphalt used for paving shall be at least 200C to ensure good adhesion to the coated pipe. Pave the pipe as soon as possible after coating to avoid poor
23、adhesion associated with the accumulation of dirt and other residue on the coating surface. 6.2.2. Place end dams of wood or heavy paper at the ends of the pipe to retain the asphalt in the pipe. Three or more applications are usually required for most operations. 6.3. Smooth Lining: 6.3.1. Line the
24、 interior of the pipe that has been coated by covering the corrugations with hot asphalt. Provide a thickness over the crest of the corrugations as required by Section 3.2. 6.3.2. Spray the hot asphalt, taken from the tank, while rotating the pipe on a powered rotary device to provide a uniform smoo
25、th lining. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 190-4 AASHTO 6.4. Storage and Handling: 6.4.1. Store and handle the coated product properly to avoid bruising, scaling, or scuffing of t
26、he asphalt coating. 6.5. RepairRepair damaged coatings with a cold-applied asphalt mastic material described in ASTM A849. Repair coatings shall be of equal thickness to the previous coating as a minimum and shall have equal adherence. 7. POST TESTING OF APPLIED ASPHALT 7.1. All asphalt used by pipe
27、 fabricators/coaters shall be purchased to meet the requirements of Section 4.1. Post testing of applied asphalt coatings shall be in accordance with state Department of Transportation requirements and follow the procedures described in this specification. Samples of the bituminous coating shall be
28、obtained by gathering strippings, sufficient to make a 0.283-kg sample, from the inside top of one or more lengths of pipe on or about to be delivered to the project. Care shall be taken in sampling to avoid contamination from sand or soapstone that may have been applied after dipping. 7.2. Testing
29、of the asphalts shall be in accordance with the following standards: Solubility in trichloroethylene T 44 Loss on heating ASTM D6/D6M Penetration of residue T 49 7.3. Physical requirements of the coating. 7.3.1. Shock TestThe apparatus for making the test consists of a rigid metal anvil or base plat
30、e not less than 12.7 mm thick resting on a solid foundation; a 2000-g hammer arranged to fall freely in suitable guides against a 1000-g plunger sliding freely in a vertical sleeve; the lower end of the plunger being spherical in shape with a radius of 12.7 mm; means for raising the hammer and dropp
31、ing it through a distance of 130 mm upon the head of the plunger. 7.3.1.1. Four test specimens shall be prepared in the form of disks 44.5 mm in diameter and 9.5 mm thick. Approximately 110 g of the bituminous sample shall be heated over a low flame until it becomes fluid and then poured into a bras
32、s mold or molds. Care must be exercised to melt the sample at the lowest possible temperature and to stir thoroughly until it is homogeneous and free from air bubbles. The test specimens may be molded separately or the material may be poured in one cylinder 44.5 mm in diameter and of such length tha
33、t the four specimens may be cut from it with a wire cutter. Split brass molds, coated with a suitable release agent (Note 1) having an inside diameter of 44.5 mm, slightly tapered outside surfaces, and held together by slip rings will be found suitable for molding the test specimens. 7.3.1.2. If dis
34、k molds are used to prepare the specimens, they shall be removed after the asphalt has cooled to room temperature. The four specimens shall be cooled for a period of at least 1 h in a bath of ice and salt brine at a temperature of 1C. The specimens shall then be removed from the bath one at a time a
35、nd quickly placed on the anvil of the test apparatus and centered under the plunger, the hammer tripped to fall through a height of 130 mm upon the head of the plunger. Not more than 8 s shall elapse from the time each specimen is removed from the bath until the hammer strikes the plunger. 2015 by t
36、he American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 190-5 AASHTO 7.3.1.3. PrecisionThe shock test described in this method is defined as a determination that at least three of four separate specimens comprisi
37、ng a single test sample will exhibit no cracking to yield an acceptable result. Analysis of an interlaboratory study (a blind study carried out by nine laboratories on four different materials with three replicates of each material) reveals a pass/fail ratio for tests on the same material ranging fr
38、om 0.22 to 1.45, with an overall pass/fail ratio for all 108 samples (27 samples of each of 4 materials) of 0.54. Further, in each of 11, out of the total of 36 cases, where three replicate samples of the same material were tested in the same laboratory, the same laboratory obtained passing results
39、on one of the three replicate samples and failing results on the other two replicate samples or vice versa. 7.3.1.4. BiasSince there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for the procedure in the test method for measuring shock, no statement on bias is being made. 7.3.2
40、. Flow TestsThe apparatus for making the test shall consist of corrugated brass plate approximately 0.8 mm thick, 203.2 mm long, and 101.6 mm wide, with corrugations running lengthwise of the plate, and a metal support to hold the plate on a 45-degree angle with the horizontal. The corrugations shal
41、l have a crest-to-crest dimension of 15.9 mm and a depth of 4.8 mm. A line shall be scribed 150 mm from the lower edge. 7.3.2.1. Test specimens shall be in the form of cylinders 9.5 mm in diameter and 19.0 mm in length. Two specimens shall be used for each test. These shall be made by pouring the ex
42、cess bituminous material from the specimens for the shock test into split brass molds coated with a suitable release agent (Note 1). Note 1Mixtures of glycerine and dextrin or talc, Dow-Corning Stop Cock Grease, and castor oilVersamid 900 (100:1 mixture by mass heated to 204 to 232C and stirred unti
43、l homogeneous), have proven suitable. Other release agents may be used provided results obtained are comparable to those obtained when using one of the above. 7.3.2.2. With the corrugated plate held at an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal, lay each test specimen in a corrugation so that its lo
44、wer end will rest exactly along the line scribed 150 mm from the bottom edge of the plate and place the test apparatus in an oven maintained at a temperature of 65 1C. After 4 h in the oven, remove the apparatus and specimens and allow to cool to room temperature. Measure the distance from the botto
45、m of the corrugated plate to the lower edge of the test specimens. This distance subtracted from 150 mm determines the amount of flow. 7.3.2.3. Precision: 7.3.2.3.1. Single Operator Precision-Flow TestThe single operator coefficient of variation for a single test result (a test result in this method
46、 has been defined as the measurements on two separate specimens) has been found to be 65 percent (Note 2). Therefore, two properly conducted tests by the same operator (each consisting of measurements on two specimens from the same sample) should not differ by more than 184 percent (Note 2) of their
47、 average. The range (difference between the highest and lowest) of the two individual measurements comprising a test result should not exceed 260 percent (Note 3) of the average of the two. 7.3.2.3.2. Multilaboratory Precision-Flow TestThe multilaboratory coefficient of variation of a single test re
48、sult (a test result in this method has been defined as the measurements on two separate specimens) has been found to be 97 percent (Note 2). Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests in different laboratories on the same bituminous coating should not differ by more than 275 percent (Note 2)
49、 of their average. Note 2These numbers represent respectively the (1s percent) and (d2s percent) limits described in ASTM C670. Note 3Calculated as described in the paragraph on precision of individual measurements averaged to obtain a test result in ASTM C670. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 190-6 AASHTO Note 4These precision statements are based on results of an interlaboratory test program using three replicate
