1、Standard Specification for Epoxy Resin Adhesives AASHTO Designation: M 235M/M 235-131ASTM Designation: C881-10 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001TS-4c M 235M/M 235-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Epox
2、y Resin Adhesives AASHTO Designation: M 235M/M 235-131ASTM Designation: C881-10 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers two-component epoxy resin bonding systems for application to portland cement concrete, which are able to cure under humid conditions and bond to damp surfaces. 1.2. The values stat
3、ed in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; th
4、erefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard. 1.3. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of th
5、is standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 9. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. ASTM Standards: C882/C882M, Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Epoxy-Resin Syst
6、ems Used With Concrete By Slant Shear2 C884/C884M, Standard Test Method for Thermal Compatibility Between Concrete and an Epoxy-Resin Overlay2 D570, Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics3 D638, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics3 D648, Standard Test Method for De
7、flection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position3 D695, Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics3 D1084, Standard Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives4 D1652, Standard Test Method for Epoxy Content of Epoxy Resins D2566, Test Method for Linear
8、 Shrinkage of Cured Thermosetting Casting Resins During Cure (Withdrawn 1993) 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.1. binder, nthe cementitious part of a grout, mortar, or concrete that binds the aggregate or filler into a cohesive mass. 2015 by the American Associ
9、ation of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c M 235M/M 235-2 AASHTO 3.1.2. bonding system, nthe product resulting from the combination of all the components supplied for use as a bonding material. 3.1.3. component, na cons
10、tituent that is intended to be combined with one or more other constituents to form a bonding system. 3.1.4. contact strength, nbond strength measured by slant shear after a specified contact and cure time. 3.1.5. contact time, nspecified time between when the epoxy system is applied and when the tw
11、o segments are bonded together and still achieve a specified bond strength after a specified curing time and temperature. 3.1.6. curing agent, na substance that causes the conversion of a fluid resin system to a solid cured resin by means of a chemical reaction. 3.1.7. epoxy equivalent, nthe weight
12、of resin containing one molecular weight of epoxy groups. 3.1.8. epoxy resin, na resin that contains or did contain epoxy groups principally responsible for its polymerization. 3.1.9. filler, na finely divided solid, predominantly passing the 75-m No. 200 sieve, that is used to improve certain prope
13、rties of the bonding system or to reduce cost. 3.1.10. formulator, nthe agency responsible for preparing the separate components and for recommending the proportions to be used in preparing the final bonding system. 3.1.11. lot or batch, nthat quantity of manufactured material that has been subjecte
14、d to the same unit chemical or physical processes intended to make the final product substantially uniform. 3.1.12. manufacturer, na producer of a basic constituent part of a component. 3.1.13. reactive diluent, na relatively free flowing liquid used to reduce the viscosity of the liquid resin or re
15、sin mixture, and that contains reactive groups that cause it to become an integral part of the cured resin. 3.1.14. working (pot) life, nthe time after mixing during which a bonding system or mixture containing it retains sufficient workability for proper use. 4. CLASSIFICATION 4.1. This specificati
16、on provides for the classification of epoxy-resin bonding systems by type, grade, class, and color. 4.2. TypesSeven types of systems that are distinguished by the requirements of Table 1 are recognized. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserve
17、d. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c M 235M/M 235-3 AASHTO Table 1Physical Requirements of Bonding Systems Type Property I II III IV V VI VII Viscosity Pas P: Grade 1, max 2.0 20 2.0 20 2.0 20 2.0 20 2.0 20 Grade 2, min 2.0 20 2.0 20 2.0 20 2.0 20 2.0 20 Max 10 100 10 100 10 100 10
18、100 10 100 Consistency, mm in.: Grade 3, Types I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, max 6.01/4 6.01/4 6.01/4 6.01/4 6.01/4 6.01/4 6.01/4 Gel time, minutes, min 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Bond strength, min MPa psi: 2 days (moist cure) 7.0 1,000 7.0 1,000 7.0 1,000 14 days (moist cure) 10.0 1,500 10.0 1,500 10.0 1,
19、500 10.0 1,500 10.0 1,500 7.0 1,000 Absorption, 24-h max, % 1 1 1 1 1 Heat deflection: Temperature, min C F: 7 days 50 120 50 120 14 days 50 120 50 120 Thermal compatibility passes test Linear coefficient of shrinkage on cure, max 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Compressive yield strength, min, MPa psi: 24
20、h 14.0 2,000 36 h 7.0 1,000 48 h 40.0 6,000 72 h 14.0 2,000 7 days 55.0 8,000 35.0 5,000 70.0 10,000 55.0 8,000 Compressive modulus, MPa psi: Min 1,000 150,000 600 90,000 1,400 200,000 1000 150,000 Max 896 130,000 Tensile strength, 7 days min, MPa psia35.0 5,000 14.0 2,000 50.0 7,000 40.0 6,000 Elon
21、gation at break, %, min 1 1 30 1 1 Contact strength, MPa psi min 2 days 7.0 1,000 14 days 7.0 1,000 a Not required for Viscosity Grade 3 Systems 4.2.1. Type IFor use in non-load-bearing application for bonding hardened concrete to hardened concrete and other materials, and as a binder in epoxy morta
22、rs or epoxy concretes. 4.2.2. Type IIFor use in non-load-bearing applications for bonding freshly mixed concrete to hardened concrete. 4.2.3. Type IIIFor use in bonding skid-resistant materials to hardened concrete, and as a binder in epoxy mortars or epoxy concretes used on traffic-bearing surfaces
23、 (or surfaces subject to thermal or mechanical movements). 4.2.4. Type IVFor use in load-bearing applications for bonding hardened concrete to hardened concrete and other materials and as a binder for epoxy mortars and concretes. 4.2.5. Type VFor use in load-bearing applications for bonding freshly
24、mixed concrete to hardened concrete. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c M 235M/M 235-4 AASHTO 4.2.6. Type VIFor bonding and sealing segmental precast elements, as in segment-by-segment
25、 erection and for span-by-span erection when temporary post tensioning is applied. 4.2.7. Type VIIFor use as a non-stress-carrying sealer for segmental precast elements when temporary post tensioning is not applied, as in span-by-span erection. Note 1Epoxy resin systems will adhere to a wide variety
26、 of materials, including wood, metals, masonry, and most plastics. Polyethylene, TFE-fluorocarbon, cellophane, and greased or waxed surfaces are among the few materials to which these systems will not adhere. 4.3. GradesThree grades of systems are defined according to their flow characteristics and
27、are distinguished by the viscosity and consistency requirements of Table 1. 4.3.1. Grade 1Low viscosity. 4.3.2. Grade 2Medium viscosity. 4.3.3. Grade 3Non-sagging consistency. 4.4. ClassesClasses A, B, and C are defined for Types I through V, and Classes D, E, and F are defined for Types VI and VII,
28、 in accordance with the range of temperatures for which they are suitable (Note 2). 4.4.1. Class AFor use below 40F 4C, with the lowest allowable temperature to be defined by the manufacturer of the product. 4.4.2. Class BFor use between 40 and 60F 4 and 15C. 4.4.3. Class CFor use above 60F 15C, wit
29、h the highest allowable temperature to be defined by the manufacturer of the product. 4.4.4. Class DFor use between 40 and 65F 4 and 18C for Type VI and VII applications. 4.4.5. Class EFor use between 60 and 80F 15 and 30C for Type VI and VII applications. 4.4.6. Class FFor use above 75F 25C for Typ
30、e VI and VII applications, with the highest allowable temperature to be defined by the manufacturer of the product. Note 2The temperature in question is usually that of the surface of the hardened concrete to which the bonding system is to be applied. This temperature may be considerably different f
31、rom that of the air. Where unusual curing rates are desired, it is possible to use a class of bonding agent at a temperature other than that for which it is normally intended. For example, a Class A system will cure rapidly at room temperature. 4.5. ColorEpoxy resin systems are normally unpigmented,
32、 but they can be colored or darkened. If a specific color is desired, it should be so stated by the purchaser. 5. ORDERING INFORMATION 5.1. The purchaser shall specify the type, grade, class, and color of bonding system desired and the size of units in which the components shall be furnished. Specia
33、l requirements regarding filling of either the components or the final bonding system should be stated. The product furnished under this specification is intended to be resistant to moisture and therefore should be suitable for either indoor or outdoor exposure. 2015 by the American Association of S
34、tate Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c M 235M/M 235-5 AASHTO 5.2. The purchaser may specify a minimum gel time of 5 min for Types I and IV when automatic proportioning, mixing, and dispensing equipment are used. 6. MATERIALS
35、AND MANUFACTURE 6.1. The systems covered by this specification shall be furnished in two components for combining immediately prior to use in accordance with written instructions of the formulator. Component A shall contain an epoxy resin with or without a reactive diluent. Component B shall contain
36、 one or more curing agents, which on mixing with Component A shall cause the mixture to harden. A suitable inert filler may be uniformly incorporated in one or both components. The filler shall be either nonsettling or readily dispersible in any component in which it is incorporated. All systems sha
37、ll cure under humid conditions and bond to damp surfaces. 7. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 7.1. The epoxy-resin constituent of Component A shall have an epoxy equivalent of 155 to 275. 8. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 8.1. A mixture of Components A and B in the proportions recommended by the formulator shall conform t
38、o the properties prescribed in Table 1. 9. SAFETY HAZARDS 9.1. CautionEpoxy resins contain irritants, especially to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Persons handling these materials shall use appropriate protective clothing, including rubber or plastic gloves. If an epoxy resin should contact
39、 the skin, it shall be removed immediately with a dry cloth or paper towel, and the area of contact washed thoroughly with soap and water. Solvents shall not be used, because they carry the irritant into the skin. Cured epoxy resins are innocuous. 10. SAMPLING 10.1. Take a representative sample of e
40、ach of the two components from a well-blended lot prior to packaging or by withdrawing samples from no fewer than 5 percent of the containers comprising the lot or shipment. Unless the samples of the same component taken from containers show visual evidence of variability, they may be combined into
41、a single composite sample. In place of the foregoing, packaged materials may be sampled by a random selection of containers of each component from each lot, provided such a procedure is acceptable to the purchaser. 11. TEST METHODS 11.1. ConsistencyTest method to determine the consistency of an epox
42、y resin system. 11.1.1. ScopeThis test provides a method for determining the consistency of Grade 3 epoxy resin systems. 11.1.2. Significance and UseThis test method is used to determine compliance with the requirements of the specification. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Tran
43、sportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c M 235M/M 235-6 AASHTO 11.1.3. Apparatus: 11.1.3.1. Paper Cupapproximately 0.100- L 3-oz unwaxed paper cup. 11.1.3.2. Mixing BladeOrdinary wooden tongue depressor or stick of similar size. 11.1.3.3. Glass Pan
44、el. 11.1.3.4. ConditioningCondition the individual components and any equipment with which they will come in contact to the following temperatures: Class A, 32 2F 0 1C; Class B, 50 2F 10 1C; Class C, 73 2F 23 1C; Class D, 65 2F 18 1C; Class E, 80 2F 27 1C; Class F, 90 2F 32 1C, or the temperature at
45、 which the material will be used (Note 2). 11.1.4. ProcedurePrepare approximately 30 mL of the bonding system. Weigh the necessary amounts of the components to an accuracy of 1 percent into a single approximately 100-mL 3-oz unwaxed paper cup. Mix immediately with a wooden tongue depressor or stick
46、of similar size. Note the time at which mixing begins. Mix for 3 min, taking care to scrape the side and bottom of the cup periodically. Immediately apply about 2 mL of the mixture to a glass panel. Form a semicylindrical bead of the bonding system by drawing the applicator blade through the sample
47、in a straight line with the panel horizontal. Immediately raise the panel to a position inclined no greater than 10 degrees from vertical and with the bead horizontal. Maintain the panel and sample at their original temperature until the bonding system has cured, as determined by an inability to ind
48、ent it appreciably with a pencil point or fingernail. Determine the consistency by measuring the flow of the lower edge of the bead from its original position at three points along its length. 11.1.5. ReportReport the average value to the nearest 1 mm 1/8in. 11.1.6. Precision and Bias: 11.1.6.1. PrecisionThe precision of the procedure in this test method for consistency is being determined. 11.1.6.2. BiasThis test method has no bias because t
