1、Standard Specification for Epoxy Resin Adhesives for Bonding Traffic Markers to Hardened Portland Cement and Asphalt Concrete AASHTO Designation: M 237-96 (2014) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001TS-4c M
2、237-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Epoxy Resin Adhesives for Bonding Traffic Markers to Hardened Portland Cement and Asphalt Concrete AASHTO Designation: M 237-96 (2014) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers epoxy resin adhesives for bonding traffic markers to pavement surfaces. 1.2. The valu
3、es stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
4、establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: T 48, Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup T 79, Flash Point with Tag Open-Cup Apparatus for Use with Material Having a Flas
5、h Point Less Than 93C (200F) T 192, Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-m (No. 325) Sieve T 237, Testing Epoxy Resin Adhesive 2.2. ASTM Standards: D97, Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products D185, Standard Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments D281, Standard Test Method
6、 for Oil Absorption of Pigments by Spatula Rub-out D476, Standard Classification for Dry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide Products D1208, Standard Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain Pigments D1209, Standard Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale) D1210, Standard Test Met
7、hod for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage D1257, Standard Specification for High-Gravity Glycerin D1483, Standard Test Method for Oil Absorption of Pigments by Gardner-Coleman Method D1514, Standard Test Method for Carbon BlackSieve Residue 2015 by the American As
8、sociation of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c M 237-2 AASHTO D1544, Standard Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale) D1747, Standard Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous Materials D275
9、2/D2752M, Standard Test Methods for Air Permeability of Asbestos Fibers D3272, Standard Practice for Vacuum Distillation of Solvents from Solvent-Reducible Paints for Analysis (Withdrawn 2008) 2.3. Federal Standards: Fed. Std. No. 141, Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Materials; Methods of Inspec
10、tion, Sampling and Testing, Method 4184, Percent Air, Method 4242, Color, Heilige-small Fed. Std. No. 595, Colors Used in Government Procurement 3. CLASSIFICATION 3.1. Type IRapid Setting, High Viscosity, Epoxy Adhesive. This type of adhesive provides rapid adherence of traffic markers to the surfac
11、e of the pavement. 3.2. Type IIStandard Setting, High Viscosity, Epoxy Adhesive. This type of adhesive is recommended for adherence of traffic markers to pavement surfaces when rapid set is not required. 3.3. Type IIIRapid Setting, Low Viscosity, Water Resistant, Epoxy Adhesive. This type of rapid s
12、etting adhesive, due to its low viscosity, is appropriate only for use with embedded traffic markers. It is more water-resistant than Type I or Type II. 3.4. Type IVStandard Set Epoxy for Blade Deflecting-Type Plowable Markers. 4. MATERIALS 4.1. The material shall be furnished in two separate compon
13、ents for combining in equal volumes immediately prior to use. 4.2. Composition: 4.2.1. The composition of the components for Type I and Type II shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1. 4.2.2. The composition of the components for Type III shall conform to the requirements prescribed
14、in Table 2. 4.2.3. The components for Type IV shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 3. 4.2.4. Other epoxies meeting the physical requirements of Sections 4.3 and 4.4 for the type specified may be used with the approval of the purchaser. 2015 by the American Association of State Highw
15、ay and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c M 237-3 AASHTO Table 1Chemical Composition of Ingredients of Composition for Type I and Type II Epoxy Parts by Mass Type I Type II Component A Epoxy resina90.00 87.00 Orthocresyl glycidyl etherb10
16、.00 Aliphatic glycidyl etherc13.00 Titanium dioxide ASTM D476, Type I or Type II 3.00 3.00 Talcd 50.00 30.00 Fibrillated polyethylene fibere2.00* 4.00* Glycerin, ASTM D1257 0.50 Silicone anti-foam, Type DB100, 100% solids 0.005 Component B High functionality polymercaptan hardenerf60.00 2, 4, 6-Tri
17、(dimethylaminomethyl) phenolg7.00 Polysulfide polymerh35.00 N-aminoethyl piperazinei23.16 Nonylphenolj52.00 Furnace blackk0.10 0.10 Talcd50.00 70.00 Fibrillated polyethylene fibere2.00* 0.70* Silicone anti-foam, Type DB100, 100% solids 0.01 0.005 * A range of 11.5 to 2.5 parts is permitted in the A
18、component and in the B component to achieve the required viscosity and thixotropy. Small preproduction batches should be made to determine the fiber level best suited for manufacturing equipment level. * A range of 3.0 to 5.0 parts is permitted in the A component and 0.3 to 1.0 parts in the B compon
19、ent, to achieve the required viscosity and shear ratio. aDi-glycidyl ether of bisphenol A: Brookfield viscosity, 1016 Pas (100160P) at 25C; epoxide equivalent 180200; color. Gardner 1933, 3 maximum. bBrookfield viscosity at 25C, MPas (510 cP); density kg/m3, 10781090 kg/m3(weight per gallon 9.009.10
20、 lb; epoxide equivalent 180200). cAliphatic mono functional reactive glycidyl ether, derived from an aliphatic alcohol: Brookfield viscosity at 25C, 1 to 15 MPas (1 to 15 cP); epoxide equivalent 220250; specific gravity 0.880.95. d Specific gravity 2.68 to 2.86 Hegman rating 3.25 to 6.0 Particle sha
21、pe Platey Maximum particle size, microns 55 Percent passing 45-m (U.S. No. 325) screen, minimum 99 Dry brightness, minimum 86 eHigh density, fluff dried, pure fibrillated polyethylene; melting point 120C130C; specific gravity, 0.9150.965; molecular mass, 30 000150 000; fiber size, average length, 0.
22、90-mm diameter, 10 m; fiber strength, 31.439.2 MPa; elongation at rupture, 4557 percent; moisture content, less than 2 percent. fLiquid polymercaptan resin: Brookfield viscosity, 1013 Pas (100130 P) at 25C; specific gravity 1.141.16; mercaptan value, 3.6 meg/g: color, Gardner 1933, 1. Infrared curve
23、 shall match the printed curve in this specification. gFormula weight 265; specific gravity at 25C; 0.937 refractive index 1.514 at 25C; vacuum distillation. 96 percent shall have been distilled over a temperature between 130 and 160C, 66.7 to 200.0 Pa absolute pressure (0.5 to 1.5-mm Hg vacuum pres
24、sure); flash point, Tag Open Cup, 149C minimum; water content 0.06 percent maximum. hSpecific gravity, 1.241.30 at 20C/20C: Brookfield viscosity, 0.71.2 Pas (7001200 cP) at 25C; pH water extract 6.08.0; moisture content, 0.1 percent maximum; pour point, 26C; average molecular mass, 1000; flash point
25、, Cleveland Open Cup, 93C (200F) minimum; sulfur content, 3640; color, Heilige, 912. The product shall be a dysfunctional mercaptan made from 98 mole percent of bis (2-chloroethyl) formal and 2 mole percent of trichloropropane. iColor (APHA), 100 maximum; amine value based on titration which reacts
26、with the three nitrogens in the molecule (12501350); appearance, clear and substantially free of suspended matter. jColor (APHA), 100 maximum; parn. nonylphenol, 85 percent minimum; water (Karl Fischer) 0.05 percent maximum. kSurface area, 5185, m2/g; particle diameter, 1830 m; fixed carbon (moistur
27、e free), 9698 percent; volatile matter, 14 percent. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c M 237-4 AASHTO Table 2Chemical Composition of Type III Epoxy Parts by Mass Component A Density =
28、1878 kg/m3(15.67 lb/gal) Epoxy resina 20.03 Epoxy resinb14.69 Aliphatic epoxy resinc9.78 Titanium dioxide ASTM D476 Type I or II 2.18 Calcium silicated21.14 Barium sulfatee32.05 Fluorinated alkyl ester surfactantf0.13 Component B (Hardener) Density = 1950 kg/m3(16.27 lb/gal) *Precatalyzed polymercap
29、tan hardenerg30.17 *Precatalyzed polymercaptan hardenerh5.45 Mercapto silanei0.72 Calcium silicated26.78 Barium sulfatee40.10 Carbon blackj0.10 *2, 4, 6, Tri (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol 0.57 * Available from Diamond Shamrock Corporation. aEpoxide equivalent 176181; Brookfield viscosity at 25C, 3570
30、 Pas (350700 P); color, Gardner, max 2: the reactive diluent shall be neopentylglycoldiglycidal ether. bEpoxide equivalent 180190; Brookfield viscosity at 25C, 710 Pas (70100 P); color, Gardner, max 2: the reactive diluent shall be neopentylglycoldiglycidal ether. c14 butane dioldiglycyl ether, visc
31、osity 25C, 19 MPas (19 cP); epoxide equivalent mass 136. dSpecific gravity 2.9, pH (aqueous solution), 9.9; refractive index 1.63. eSpecific gravity, 25C, 2.9, pH, (aqueous solution), 3.84.5; refractive index 1.64; oil absorption, 11 percent by mass. fBrookfield viscosity, 25C, 15 Pas (15000 cP); sp
32、ecific gravity, 25C, 1.15; refractive index, 25C, 1.445; active ingredients, 100 percent. gBrookfield viscosity, 25C, 0.25 Pas (250 cP); specific gravity, 25C, 1.06; mercaptan value meg/g 5.75; color, Gardner, max, 2. hBrookfield viscosity, specific gravity, 25C, 106; mercaptan value meg/g 552; colo
33、r, Gardner, max, 2. iBrookfield viscosity, 25C, 3.0 MPas (3.0 cP); density or unit mass, 25C, 984 kg/m3(8.208 lb/gal); color, water white; refractive index, 25C, 1.43; boiling point, 1.3 kPa absolute pressure (10 mm-Hg), 106C. jSurface area 115130 m2/g; particle diameter 1830 m; pH, 7.08.5; fixed ca
34、rbon (moisture free), 9698 percent; volatile matter, 14 percent; oil absorption, stiff past end point 0.800.90 mL/g. Table 3Chemical Composition of Type IV Epoxy Parts by Mass Component A Epoxy resin Epon 828, Shell (or equal) 100.00 Titanium dioxide (TT-P-442, Type III, Class A) 7.68 Talc #13 (or e
35、qual) 36.64 Component B N-aminoethyl piperazine Jefferson (or equal) 25.10 Nonylphenol 50.03 Talc Fibrene C-400, Sierra (or equal) 69.28 Molacco black (or equal) 0.23 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of app
36、licable law.TS-4c M 237-5 AASHTO 4.3. Physical RequirementsIndividual Components: 4.3.1. Requirements for components A and B are the same for all types except as noted. 4.3.2. Viscosity, Pas (poise), TE Helipath Spindle at 25 1C (77 2F). Type I, 350 to 500 (3500 to 5000), Type III, 4 to 6 (40 to 60)
37、. Viscosity, Pas (poise), TD Helipath at 25 1C (77 2F). Type II, 100 to 300 (1000 to 3000). 4.3.3. Shear ratio, 25C (77F), 2 minimum, for Types I and II. 4.3.4. Density, kilograms per cubic meter (pounds per gallon) at 25C (77F): Component A Component B Type I 1402 to 1462 (11.7 to 12.2) 1402 to 146
38、2 (11.7 to 12.2) Type II 1270 to 1306 (10.6 to 10.9) 1354 to 1390 (11.3 to 11.6) Type III 1797 to 1893 (15.0 to 15.8) 1929 to 1965 (16.1 to 16.4) Type IV 1414 to 1438 (11.8 to 12.0) 1390 to 1414 (11.6 to 11.8) 4.3.5. Skinning (original container), none. 4.3.6. Percent air, two maximum. 4.3.7. Infrar
39、ed CurvesComponents A and B shall match curves originally approved by the purchaser. 4.3.8. Storage Stability: 4.3.8.1. The Components A and B shall not change in viscosity and shear ratio by more than 15 percent when stored for 14 days in closed containers at 47.0 1.8C (115 3F). All measurements sh
40、all be made at 25 1C (77 2F) using the same spindle and apparatus as in Section 4.3.2 above. 4.3.8.2. The adhesive shall meet all other requirements for 12 months from date of manufacture. Any settling of the fillers must be easily redispersible with a paddle. 4.4. Physical Requirements for the Mixe
41、d Epoxy (Component A mixed with Component B) Types I, II, III, and IV. 4.4.1. Gel time, minutes: Type I, 610 Type II, 610 Type III, 610 Type IV, 610 4.4.2. Bond strength to concrete, maximum time, minutes to reach 1380 kPa (200 psi). (See Table 4.) 2015 by the American Association of State Highway a
42、nd Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c M 237-6 AASHTO Table 4Bond Strength to Concrete Type I Type II, Type IV Type III at 25 1C (77 2F), max 35 210 35 at 10 1C (50 2F), max 45 45 at 1 1C (31 2F), max 85 85 4.4.3. Slant shear strength (See
43、 Table 5.) Table 5Slant Shear Strength Type I Type II, Type IV Type III 24 h at 25 1C, kPa (psi), min 6895 (1000) 13 790 (2000) 6895 (1000) 24 h at 25 1C, plus water soak, kPa (psi), min 5516 (800) 10 342 (1500) 6895 (1000) 4.4.4. Tensile adhesion and cohesion: 4.4.4.1. Ceramic marker bottom, kPa (p
44、si), minimum: Type I, 4830 (700) Type II, 4830 (700) Type III, 4830 (700) Type IV, 4830 (700) 4.4.4.2. Ceramic marker bottom, including post cure, kPa (psi), minimum: Type I, 4830 (700) Type II, 4830 (700) Type III, 4830 (700) Type IV, 4830 (700) 4.4.4.3. Reflective pavement marker, bottom kPa (psi)
45、, minimum: Type I, 3450 (500) Type II, 3450 (500) Type III, 3450 (500) Type IV, 3450 (500) 4.4.5. ColorColor for all types shall be approximately that of Color 26132 to 26152 of Federal Standard No. 595. 4.5. Certificate of ComplianceThe manufacturer shall furnish to the purchaser a Certificate of C
46、ompliance for Component A, for Component B, and for the mixed epoxy. The certificate shall certify conformance to this specification. Test results shall be maintained and available upon request. 4.6. Test Methods: 4.6.1. Brookfield ViscosityT 237. 4.6.2. Epoxide EquivalentT 237. 4.6.3. Color, Gardne
47、rASTM D1544. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c M 237-7 AASHTO 4.6.4. Color, HeiligeFed. Std. No. 141, Method 4242. 4.6.5. Color, APAHASTM D1209. 4.6.6. Gel TimeT 237. 4.6.7. Oil Absor
48、ptionASTM D1483. 4.6.8. pHASTM D1208. 4.6.9. Hegman RatingASTM D1210. 4.6.10. Maximum Particle SizeASTM D185. 4.6.11. Percent Passing 45-m (No. 325) ScreenT 192. 4.6.12. Infrared CurveT 237. 4.6.13. Refractive IndexASTM D1747. 4.6.14. Vacuum DistillationASTM D3272. 4.6.15. Flash Point, Tag Open CupT
49、 79. 4.6.16. Flash Point, Cleveland Open CupT 48. 4.6.17. Water ContentASTM D1208. 4.6.18. Pour PointASTM D97. 4.6.19. Specific GravityT 237. 4.6.20. Surface AreaASTM D2752/D2752M. 4.6.21. Bond Strength to ConcreteT 237. 4.6.22. Tensile Adhesion and CohesionT 237. 4.6.23. Slant Shear StrengthT 237. 4.6.24. S
