1、Standard Definitions of Terms Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products AASHTO Designation: M 262-11 (2015)1ASTM Designation: C822-08b American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-4a M 262-1 AASHTO Standard
2、 Definitions of Terms Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products AASHTO Designation: M 262-11 (2015)1ASTM Designation: C822-08b 1. TERMINOLOGY 1.1. absorptionthe increase in mass of concrete resulting from the penetration of water into the concrete. 1.2. absorption testa test made to determine t
3、he absorption of concrete. 1.3. admixturea material other than water, aggregates, and cement used as an ingredient of concrete and added to the batch immediately before or during its mixture. 1.4. annular spacethe space between the inner surface of the female end and the outer surface of the male en
4、d of an assembled pipe joint. 1.5. bellsee female end of pipe. 1.6. blenda combining of various cementitious materials. 1.7. box sectiona concrete pipe with a rectangular cross section. 1.8. box section bottom slablower horizontal portion of a box section in the installed condition (M 259, M 273). 1
5、.9. box section top slabupper horizontal portion of a box section in the installed condition (M 259, M 273). 1.10. box section wallvertical sides of a box section in the installed condition (M 259, M 273). 1.11. cagean assembled unit of steel reinforcement consisting of circumferential and longitudi
6、nal bars or wires. 1.12. circular reinforcementa circular-shaped line of reinforcement. 1.13. circumferential reinforcementreinforcement that is approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the concrete pipe, box, or structure. 1.14. combined sewera pipeline intended to convey sewage and
7、storm water. 1.15. compressive strengththe maximum resistance of a concrete specimen to axial compressive loading; or the specified resistance used in design calculations. 1.16. compression testa test made on a concrete specimen to determine the compressive strength. 2015 by the American Association
8、 of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 262-2 AASHTO 1.17. concretea homogeneous mixture of portland cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water. The mixture may also contain admixtures or other cementitious mat
9、erials or both. 1.18. convoluted steela sinusoidal wave wire typically attached on one end of a wire cage. The sinusoidal wave wire permits one end of the wire cage to be expanded, accommodating the increased size required for the bell. 1.19. corea cylinder of concrete obtained from concrete by mean
10、s of a core drill. 1.20. crownthe top or highest point of the internal surface of the transverse cross section of a pipe. 1.21. culverta pipeline intended to convey water under a highway, railroad, canal, or similar facility. 1.22. cylinder (test)a cast cylindrical specimen of concrete. 1.23. design
11、ated sizethe dimensional name for a particular size that may or may not be equal to or related to the dimensions used for design purposes or dimensions of the manufactured product. 1.24. design strengththe minimum acceptable 0.3-mm (0.01-in.) crack D-load. 1.25. D-loadthe supporting strength of a pi
12、pe loaded under three-edge-bearing test conditions expressed in newtons per linear meter per millimeter of inside diameter or horizontal span (pounds per linear foot per foot of inside diameter or horizontal span). 1.26. D-load, 0.3-mm (0.01-in.) crackthe maximum three-edge-bearing test load support
13、ed by a concrete pipe before a crack having a width of 0.3 mm (0.01 in.) occurs, measured at close intervals, throughout a continuous length of 300 mm (1 ft) or more measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of pipe barrel expressed as D-load. 1.27. D-load ultimate (Du)the maximum three-edge-bearin
14、g test load supported by a pipe, expressed as D-load. 1.28. distribution reinforcementreinforcement, typically running 90 degrees to the main or circumferential reinforcement, intended to disperse concentrated loads to larger areas of a structural member. 1.29. drain tilepipe for collecting and conv
15、eying surface and subsurface water from an area. 1.30. elliptical reinforcementa line of reinforcement in the approximate shape of an ellipse. 1.31. exfiltrationthe volume of pipeline flow leaving a sewer and its connections into the soil from pipe, joints, connections, and appurtenances. 1.32. exte
16、rnal load-crushing strength testa test of the pipe in which external crushing forces are exerted in specified directions and locations on a specified length of pipe. 1.33. external sealing bandsflexible wrappings that are applied to the outside of a concrete pipe, box section, or manhole section joi
17、nt intended to control the movement of fluids or solids through the joint. 1.34. female end of pipe (bell, socket, groove, modified groove)that portion of the end of the pipe, regardless of its shape or dimensions, that overlaps a portion of the end of the adjoining pipe. 2015 by the American Associ
18、ation of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 262-3 AASHTO Notes: This is a schematic drawing that only defines nomenclatures and cannot 1.be used for joint designs. Laying length is not shown and shall be as recommended
19、 by the pipe 2.manufacturer when developing a pipe layout for field installations. The length of the pipe used in the calculations for three-edge-bearing strength 3.test results is defined as laying length in the Calculations section of T 280 and may not equal field laying length. Figure 1Pipe Nomen
20、clature 1.35. flow linea line formed by the inverts of pipe. 1.36. gradationthe distribution of particles of granular material among standard sizes usually expressed in terms of cumulative percentages larger or smaller than each of a series of sieve openings. 1.37. grade ringsprecast concrete rings
21、used for vertical adjustment at the top of a manhole to set manhole casting to proper grade. 1.38. groovesee female end of pipe. 1.39. handling reinforcementreinforcement intended to reduce the risk of collapse of the pipe or section during handling or storage prior to and during final placement. 1.
22、40. hydrostatic pressurethe pressure exerted by water at rest. Manufactured LengthManufactured LengthBarrel LengthOverall LengthInside SurfaceTongue EndFaceJoint MatingSurfaceTongueOutsideShoulderSpigot EndFaceJoint MatingSurfaceSpigotOutsideShoulderGroove End FaceGroove InsideShoulderJoint Mating S
23、urfaceWall ThicknessFemale Endof PipeMale Endof PipeTongue and Groove PipeBarrel LengthOverall LengthWall ThicknessFemale Endof PipeMale Endof PipeInside SurfaceBell End FaceBell InsideShoulderJoint Mating SurfaceBell and Spigot Pipe 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportati
24、on Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 262-4 AASHTO 1.41. hydrostatic testa test of the ability of a pipe or its joint to withstand internal hydrostatic pressure. 1.42. infiltrationthe volume of groundwater entering a sewer and its connections from the
25、 soil through pipe, joints, connections, or appurtenances. 1.43. inflowthe volume of any kind of water entering a sewer and its connections from outside sources, not including those sources described under “infiltration.” 1.44. installed lengthfinal length, along the centerline, of a pipe or box sec
26、tion in place, including the longitudinal joint separation between the section and the last section placed. 1.45. invertthe bottom or lowest point of the internal surface of the transverse cross section of a pipe. 1.46. irrigation pipepipe intended for the distribution of irrigation water by pumping
27、 or gravity. 1.47. jointa connection of two pipe, manhole, or box section ends, made either with or without the use of additional parts or materials, or both. 1.48. joint angular deflectionchange in alignment commencing in the joint caused by opening or closing one side of the joint. 1.49. joint at
28、normal (design) closureposition of the joint when closed to the manufacturers recommended inside longitudinal separation without joint angular deflection. 1.50. joint in off-center positionwith the joint at normal or design closure, without joint angular deflection, when the spigot or bell has been
29、moved in a radial direction. The maximum off-center position occurs when the outer surface of the spigot and the inner surface of the bell are in contact. 1.51. joint leakage testtest procedure, utilizing water pressure, air pressure, or a vacuum, intended to determine the acceptability of an indivi
30、dual joint relative to leakage. 1.52. joint leakage test apparatussealing device used to isolate a single joint so that the joint can be tested for leakage. See joint leakage test. 1.53. joint reinforcementreinforcement, in or near the joint, intended to enhance the structural characteristics of the
31、 joint area of a concrete pipe or box section. 1.54. joint shear testa proof-of-design test procedure to determine minimum shear strength of a joint. 1.55. layer of reinforcementcircumferential reinforcement that is one bar or wire in thickness. 1.56. laying lengthpipe section centerline dimension u
32、sed for preparing pipeline layout plans. The length as measured from a point on a pipe to an identical point of an adjacent pipe of an installed pipeline. 1.57. lift holea small hole cast or drilled in the wall of the pipe or section for inserting a bolt, loop of cable, or other device used in handl
33、ing the pipe or section. 1.58. line of reinforcementcircumferential reinforcement comprised of one or more layers. 1.59. longitudinal reinforcementreinforcement, in a concrete pipe or box section, running parallel to the intended flow. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transporta
34、tion Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 262-5 AASHTO 1.60. lotan assemblage of concrete pipe, all being of like size, material, and strength designation, manufactured by the same process. The lot size may differ from the quantity designated in the con
35、tract or order. 1.61. low-pressure air testtesting procedure, utilizing compressed air, intended to determine the acceptability of a pipe section, joint, or pipeline. 1.62. male end of pipe (spigot, tongue, modified tongue)that portion of the end of the pipe, regardless of its shape or dimensions, t
36、hat is overlapped by a portion of the end of the adjoining pipe. 1.63. manholea precast concrete structure for vertical access to a pipeline or other closed structure. 1.64. manhole basea concrete slab foundation and the bottom manhole riser section or a bottom manhole riser section with a connected
37、 concrete slab. 1.65. manhole base sectionprecast concrete slab foundation and the bottom manhole rise section, or the bottom riser section with precast monolithic or integral slab. A monolithic base section is cast as a single unit. An integral base section is made into a single unit by interconnec
38、ting precast manhole components such as a riser section and base slab. 1.66. manhole reducer sectiona concrete pipe section used as a transition between different-diameter manhole riser sections. 1.67. manhole riser sectiona concrete pipe section used to construct a manhole exclusive of the base, re
39、ducers, and top section. 1.68. manhole topthe concrete slab top or conical top used to reduce the manhole riser diameter to that of the desired access hole. 1.69. manufactured lengththe length from spigot/tongue end face to bell/groove inside shoulder. 1.70. manufacturerthe group, corporation, partn
40、ership, or individual that manufactures or supplies a product. 1.71. mat reinforcementsee quadrant mat. 1.72. material teststhe quality and property tests of component materials. 1.73. modified designa concrete pipe design changed from a standard design. 1.74. modified groovesee female end of pipe.
41、1.75. modified tonguesee male end of pipe. 1.76. negative air pressure (vacuum) testtest procedure utilizing air at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure, intended to determine the acceptability of a pipe section or multiple pipe sections, or an installed pipeline or manhole before or after back
42、fill. 1.77. nonreinforced pipeconcrete pipe designed without reinforcement. 1.78. O-ring gasketa solid gasket of circular cross section. 1.79. overall lengththe length from the spigot/tongue end face to bell/groove end face. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Offici
43、als.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 262-6 AASHTO 1.80. ownerthe public agency or authority, group, corporation, partnership, or individual that specifies products or services for use on a project that it presently or eventually will own or administrate. 1.81
44、. permeabilitythat property that permits movement of a liquid through the pores and interstices of the concrete. 1.82. permeability testa test to determine the movement of a liquid through concrete under a hydraulic or pressure gradient. 1.83. pipea tube or elongated hollow concrete structure intend
45、ed to transmit flow between locations. 1.84. pipe diameterthe inside diameter of a concrete pipe. 1.85. pipe sectiona single pipe. 1.86. pipelinepipe sections joined together. 1.87. plant teststhe quality assurance tests performed prior to delivery as a basis of acceptance. 1.88. preformed flexible
46、joint sealantpliable material, formed into a defined cross section, that is applied to the surface of a pipe, box section, or manhole section joint, intended to control the movement of fluids or solids through the joint. 1.89. quadrant matadditional tension zone circumferential reinforcement secured
47、 to a layer of reinforcement in the concrete pipe wall. 1.90. reinforced concrete pipea pipe structure comprised of concrete and steel reinforcement. Such reinforcement is composed of steel wire, welded wire fabric, or bars, of known strength, formed into a cage and positioned in the concrete wall i
48、n a specific location in such a manner that the two materials act together to resist stresses. 1.91. reinforcementsteel in the form of continuous wire, welded wire fabric, or bars embedded in concrete in such a manner that the above referenced concrete and steel act together to resist stresses. 1.92
49、. resilient connectora flexible connection for joining pipe to structures capable of being deformed and deflected without rupture or leakage. 1.93. rubber gasketrubber formed and used as a seal in concrete pipe joints. 1.94. samplethe number of specimens drawn from a lot. 1.95. sewage (wastewater)the spent water of a community that is a combination of liquid and water-carried wastes. 1.96. sewera pipeline intended to convey sewage. 1.97. special designa concrete pipe design for sizes, lo
