1、Second Edition 2016AASHTO Movable Bridge Inspection, Evaluation and Maintenance Manual 2015 BALLOT ITEM 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. AASHTO Movable Bridge Inspection, Evaluation and M
2、aintenance Manual 2015 BALLOT ITEM 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. Movable Bridge Inspection, Evaluation, and Maintenance ManualAASHTO Movable Bridge Inspection, Evaluation and Maintenan
3、ce Manual 2015 BALLOT ITEM 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. AASHTO Movable Bridge Inspection, Evaluation and Maintenance Manual 2015 BALLOT ITEM 2015 by the American Association of State
4、Highway and Transportation Officials All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF“ STATE HIGHWAY ANO TRANSPOR
5、TATION OFFICIALS AASHiD American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street, NW Suite 249 Washington, DC 20001 202-624-5800 phone/202-624-5806 faxwww.transportation.org Cover photos: Upper Left: John T. Alsop Jr. Bridge, also known as the Main Street Bridge, c
6、rossing the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. Photo courtesy of Florida DOT, provided by Parsons Brinckerhoff. Upper Right: Stoney Creek Bridge, Riviera Beach, Maryland. Photo courtesy of Maryland State Highway Administration; photo provided by Parsons Brinckerhoff archives. Lower Right: Wil
7、liam A. Bugge Bridge, also known as the Hood Canal Bridge, a floating bridge in Washington State that carries Washington State Route 104 across Hood Canal and connects the Olympic and Kitsap Peninsulas. This photo was taken prior to 2001 and shows a Trident nuclear sub, the SSBN Ohio since converted
8、 to SSGN Ohio, from the Bangor Naval base south of the bridge. The east half of this bridge no longer exists ( design with roadway “wishbone bulge“) and was replaced by the newer east half design in 2006-2010. Photo courtesy of Washington State DOT; provided by the U.S. Navy. Lower Left: George P. C
9、oleman Memorial Bridge, Gloucester Point and Yorktown, Virginia. Photo courtesy of Virginia DOT; photo provided by Parsons Brinckerhoff archives. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This book or
10、 parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publishers. ISBN: 978-1-56051-644-6 AASHTO PUB CODE: MBI-2 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.i AASHTO EXEC
11、UTIVE COMMITTEE 20162017 Voting Members OFFICERS: PRESIDENT: David Bernhardt, Maine* VICE PRESIDENT: John Schroer, Tennessee* SECRETARY-TREASURER: Carlos Braceras, Utah EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Bud Wright, Washington, D. C. REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVES: REGION I: Leslie Richards, Pennsylvania Pete Rahn, Mary
12、land REGION II: Charles Kilpatrick, Virginia James Bass, Texas REGION III: Randall S. Blankenhorn, Illinois Patrick McKenna, Missouri REGION IV: Carlos Braceras, Utah Mike Tooley, Montana IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT: vacant *Elected at the 2016 Annual Meeting in Boston, MassachusettsNonvoting Members E
13、xecutive Director: Bud Wright, Washington, DC 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.ii HIGHWAY SUBCOMMITTEE ON BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES, 2016 GREGG FREDRICK, Chair BRUCE V. JOHNSON, Vice Chair JO
14、SEPH L. HARTMANN, Federal Highway Administration, Secretary PATRICIA J. BUSH, AASHTO Liaison ALABAMA, Eric J. Christie, William “Tim” Colquett, Randall B. Mullins ALASKA, Richard A. Pratt ARIZONA, David B. Benton, David L. Eberhart, Pe-Shen Yang ARKANSAS, Charles “Rick” Ellis CALIFORNIA, Susan Hida,
15、 Thomas A. Ostrom, Dolores Valls COLORADO, Behrooz Far, Stephen Harelson, Jessica Martinez CONNECTICUT, Timothy D. Fields DELAWARE , Barry A. Benton, Jason Hastings DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Donald L. Cooney, Konjit C. “Connie” Eskender, Richard Kenney FLORIDA, Sam Fallaha, Dennis William Potter, Jeff P
16、ouliotte GEORGIA, Bill DuVall, Steve Gaston HAWAII , James Fu IDAHO, Matthew Farrar ILLINOIS, Tim A. Armbrecht, Carl Puzey INDIANA, Anne M. Rearick IOWA , Ahmad Abu-Hawash, Norman L. McDonald KANSAS, Mark E. Hoppe, John P. Jones KENTUCKY, Mark Hite, Marvin Wolfe LOUISIANA, Arthur DAndrea, Paul Fossi
17、er, Zhengzheng “Jenny” Fu MAINE, Jeffrey S. Folsom, Wayne Frankhauser, Michael Wight MARYLAND, Earle S. Freedman, Jeffrey L. Robert, Gregory Scott Roby MASSACHUSETTS, Alexander K. Bardow, Thomas Donald, Joseph Rigney MICHIGAN, Matthew Jack Chynoweth, David Juntunen MINNESOTA, Arielle Ehrlich, Kevin
18、Western MISSISSIPPI, Austin Banks, Justin Walker, Scott Westerfield MISSOURI, Dennis Heckman, Scott Stotlemeyer MONTANA, Kent M. Barnes, David F. Johnson NEBRASKA, Mark Ahlman, Fouad Jaber, Mark J. Traynowicz NEVADA, Troy Martin, Jessen Mortensen NEW HAMPSHIRE , David L. Scott, Peter Stamnas NEW JER
19、SEY , Xiaohua “Hannah” Cheng, Nagnath “Nat” Kasbekar, Eli D. Lambert NEW MEXICO , Ted L. Barber, Raymond M. Trujillo, Jeff C. Vigil NEW YORK , Wahid Albert, Richard Marchione NORTH CAROLINA, Brian Hanks, Scott Hidden, Thomas Koch NORTH DAKOTA, Terrence R. Udland OHIO, Alexander B.C. Dettloff, Timoth
20、y J. Keller OKLAHOMA, Steven Jacobi, Walter Peters OREGON, Bruce V. Johnson, Tanarat Potisuk, Hormoz Seradj PENNSYLVANIA, James M. Long,Thomas P. Macioce, Lou Ruzzi PUERTO RICO, (Vacant) RHODE ISLAND, Georgette Chahine SOUTH CAROLINA, Barry W. Bowers, Terry B. Koon, Jeff Sizemore SOUTH DAKOTA, Steve
21、 Johnson TENNESSEE, John S. Hastings, Wayne J. Seger TEXAS,Bernie Carrasco, Jamie F. Farris, Gregg A. Freeby U.S. DOT, Joseph L. Hartmann UTAH, Carmen Swanwick, Cheryl Hersh Simmons, Joshua Sletten VERMONT, James LaCroix, Wayne B. Symonds VIRGINIA, Prasad L. Nallapaneni, Kendal R. Walus WASHINGTON ,
22、 Tony M. Allen, Thomas E. Baker, Bijan Khaleghi WEST VIRGINIA , Ahmed Mongi, Billy Varney 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.iii WISCONSIN , Scot Becker, William C. Dreher, William Olivia WY
23、OMING , Paul G. Cortez, Gregg C. Frederick, Michael E. Menghini GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE, HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT, Kary H. Witt MDTA, Dan Williams N.J. TURNPIKE AUTHORITY, Richard J. Raczynski N.Y. STATE BRIDGE AUTHORITY, Jeffrey Wright PENN. TURNPIKE COMMISSION, James Stump U.S. ARMY CORPS OF
24、 ENGINEERSDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, Phillip W. Sauser, Christopher H. Westbrook U.S. COAST GUARD, Kamal Elnahal U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREFOREST SERVICE, John R. Kattell KOREA, Eui-Joon Lee, Sang-Soon Lee SASKATCHEWAN , Howard Yea TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD, Waseem Dekelbab 2017 by the American
25、 Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.iv THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applic
26、able law.MOVABLE BRIDGE MANUAL FOR INSPECTION, EVALUATION, AND MAINTENANCE, 2NDEDITION v ABBREVIATED TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 INTRODUCTION . 1-i PART 2 INSPECTION 2-i PART 3 MOVABLE BRIDGE ELEMENT DESCRIPTIONS . 3-i PART 4 EVALUATION . 4-i PART 5 MAINTENANCE 5-i APPENDIX A GEAR MECHANICS . A-1 APPEN
27、DIX B REFERENCES B-1 APPENDIX C GLOSSARY . C-i 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.MOVABLE BRIDGE MANUAL FOR INSPECTION, EVALUATION, AND MAINTENANCE, 2ND EDITION 1-iPART 1 INTRODUCTION Chapte
28、r 1.1PURPOSE 1Chapter 1.2SCOPE .2Chapter 1.3MOVABLE BRIDGE TYPES .31.3.1 BASCULE BRIDGES 31.3.1.1 Design and Operation .31.3.2 Swing-Span Bridges 101.3.2.1 Design and Operation . 111.3.3 Vertical-Lift Bridges . 151.3.3.1 Design and Operation . 151.3.4 OTHER MOVABLE BRIDGE TYPES 19Chapter 1.4BRIDGE F
29、UNCTIONAL SYSTEMS . 211.4.1 GENERAL 211.4.2 SUPPORT SYSTEM 211.4.3 BALANCE SYSTEM . 211.4.4 DRIVE SYSTEM 221.4.5 CONTROL SYSTEM . 231.4.6 INTERLOCKING SYSTEM 231.4.7 NAVIGATION GUIDANCE SYSTEM . 241.4.8 TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM 241.4.9 MOVABLE BRIDGE HOUSE . 25Chapter 1.5QUALITY MEASURES . 261.5.1 GEN
30、ERAL 26Chapter 1.6RECENT INDUSTRY STANDARDS 271.6.1 SUSTAINABILITY 271.6.2 SECURITY . 271.6.3 RESILIENCY . 28 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.MOVABLE BRIDGE MANUAL FOR INSPECTION, EVALUAT
31、ION, AND MAINTENANCE, 2NDEDITION 1-1 PURPOSEThe intent of this Manual is to present uniform guidelines and procedures for the inspection, evaluation, and maintenance of the nations existing movable bridge inventory. The Manual provides information pertaining to the unique structural, mechanical, and
32、 electrical components and operational characteristics of a movable highway bridge. The Manual was developed for bridge engineers, inspectors, and maintainers charged with operational and maintenance responsibility for these complex structures. Therefore, the content of each part is intended for a s
33、pecific group within the industry. Commentary adjacent to the text on the same page provides suggestions on implementing the guidelines and procedures of this Manual and directs the reader to additional sources of information. C1.1This Manual was prepared under NCHRP Project 14-32, Proposed Revision
34、s to Movable Bridge Inspection, Evaluation, and Maintenance. The full final report describing the research effort is filed with the National Cooperative Highway Research Program, which is administered by the Transportation Research Board. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transpo
35、rtation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.1-2 MOVABLE BRIDGE MANUAL FOR INSPECTION, EVALUATION, AND MAINTENANCE, 2NDEDITION SCOPEThe provisions of this Manual apply to highway structures that qualify as movable bridges in accordance with the AASHTO standard
36、definition of a movable bridge. This Manual has been developed to assist bridge owners, engineers, and inspectors by describing procedures and guidelines specific to movable highway bridges and to assist in meeting the requirements of the National Bridge Inspection Standards. The intent of this Manu
37、al is to provide a single-source document to address industry needs, not to supplant proper training or the exercise of sound engineering judgment. Information on safety aspects of movable bridges has been provided to the fullest practical extent, but a structure of unique or advanced design may req
38、uire a level of sophistication higher than the minimum guidelines and procedures described in this Manual. Bridge owners should evaluate the specific needs of their bridge inventory and organizational structure, exercise judgment, and apply this Manual accordingly. The National Bridge Inventory data
39、 of 2014 indicates that there are 831 movable bridges in the United States. This total includes 184 vertical-lift bridges, 451 bascule bridges, and 196 swing-span bridges. C1.2Why a movable versus a fixed bridge? In some cases, the bridge owner and the regulatory agency choose to meet the vertical c
40、learance requirements of the mariner by providing a movable or drawbridge that is able to pass, while in the closed position, an agreed upon percentage of the vessels, while opening for the taller vessels. This compromise is often done to reduce construction costs, adverse environmental impacts, or
41、both. Federal authorization of a drawbridge, however, does not constitute permission to restrict or obstruct navigation beyond the limits of the original permit. When a bridge owner chooses to build a movable bridge, the owner and, by law, all subsequent bridge owners and operators, have legally ack
42、nowledged that interruptions to land traffic will be required to allow passage of vessels and that they have a responsibility to budget for continuing maintenance, repair, and operational costs for the life of the bridge. The owner of a bridge that has been closed to vehicular traffic is held respon
43、sible by navigation regulatory agencies for ongoing maintenance and operating costs. The term “life of the bridge“ is interpreted to mean until the owner removes or replaces the bridge. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is
44、 a violation of applicable law.MOVABLE BRIDGE MANUAL FOR INSPECTION, EVALUATION, AND MAINTENANCE, 2ND EDITION 1-3 CHAPTER 1.3 MOVABLE BRIDGE TYPESNumerous factors determine the evolution of a movable bridge design. As a result, many types of movable span bridges have evolved to fit specific needs. T
45、he design requirements for a short rural bridge spanning a narrow tidal canal are quite different from those for a large urban four-lane bridge that must span a wide, active channel. Movable bridges are classified into four general groups: bascule, swing-span, vertical-lift, and other bridges. This
46、chapter describes the typical design and operational characteristics of each of these three types.1.3.1 BASCULE BRIDGESBascule bridges open by rotating a leaf (or leaves) from the normal horizontal position to a point that is typically nearly vertical, providing an open channel of unlimited height f
47、or marine traffic. The width of the channel is limited by the length of the leaf. If the channel is narrow, one leaf may be sufficient. This design is called a single-leaf bascule bridge. For wider channels, two leaves are used, one on each side of the channel. When the leaves are in the lowered pos
48、ition, they meet at the center of the channel. This design is known as a double-leaf bascule bridge (Figure 1.3.1-1). There are three basic types of bascule bridges: trunnion, rolling-lift, and heel-trunnion. The trunnion bascule is by far the most common of the three. Some other unique types of bas
49、cule bridges are the cable bascule and the overhead counterweight-type multi-trunnion bascule. A more complete listing and description of other types of bascule bridges can be found in References 83, 85, and 154. 1.3.1.1 Design and Operation C1.3.1.1 Trunnion Bridges: The leaf of a trunnion bascule rotates about a horizontal axis on trunnion shafts attached to each side of the span (Figures 1.3
