1、Standard Method of Test for Emulsified Asphalts AASHTO Designation: T 59-16 Release: Group 3 (August 2016) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-2a T 59-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for Emulsified Asp
2、halts AASHTO Designation: T 59-16 Release: Group 3 (August 2016) 1. SCOPE 1.1. These test methods, given under the headings titled Composition, Consistency, Stability, Examination of Residue, Identification Tests, Coating Tests on Emulsified Asphalts, and Density of Emulsified Asphalts, cover the ex
3、amination of Emulsified Asphalt composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphalt base, water, and an emulsifying agent. The methods cover the following tests: Test or Procedure Section(s) Calibration, Standardization, and Check 3 Sample Conditioning 4 Composition: Water Content 5 Residue and Oi
4、l Distillate by Distillation 6 Emulsified Asphalt Residue by Evaporation 7 Particle Charge of Cationic Emulsified Asphalts 8 Consistency: Viscosity (Saybolt Furol) 9 Stability: Demulsibility 10 Settlement 11 Cement Mixing 12 Sieve Test 13 Coating Test 14 Miscibility with Water 15 Freezing Test 16 Co
5、ating Ability and Water Resistance 17 Storage Stability of Emulsified Asphalt 18 Examination of Residue 19 to 26 Identification Tests: Identification Test for Cationic Rapid-Setting (CRS) Emulsified Asphalts 27 Identification Test for Cationic Slow-Setting (CSS) Emulsified Asphalts 28 Coating Tests
6、on Emulsified Asphalts: Field Coating Test 29 Emulsified Asphalt/Job Aggregate Coating Test 30 Density of Emulsified Asphalts: Test to Determine Mass per Liter (Gallon) 31 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation
7、of applicable law.TS-2a T 59-2 AASHTO 1.2. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.3. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the respo
8、nsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 85, Portland Cement M 140, Emulsified Asphalt M 208, Cationic Emulsified Asphalt M 231,
9、 Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Materials M 316, Polymer-Modified Cationic Emulsified Asphalt R 18, Establishing and Implementing a Quality Management System for Construction Materials Testing Laboratories R 61, Establishing Requirements for Equipment Calibrations, Standardizations, and Che
10、cks R 66, Sampling Bituminous Materials T 44, Solubility of Bituminous Materials T 49, Penetration of Bituminous Materials T 50, Float Test for Bituminous Materials T 51, Ductility of Asphalt Materials T 98, Fineness of Portland Cement by the Turbidimeter T 111, Mineral Matter or Ash in Asphalt Mate
11、rials T 153, Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air Permeability T 228, Specific Gravity of Semi-Solid Asphalt Materials 2.2. ASTM Standards: C778, Standard Specification for Standard Sand D86, Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure D128, Standard Test Metho
12、ds for Analysis of Lubricating Grease D3289, Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid Bituminous Materials (Nickel Crucible Method) E1, Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers E11, Standard Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves E77, Standa
13、rd Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers E145, Standard Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens E563, Standard Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference Temperature E644, Standard Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistanc
14、e Thermometers E1137/E1137M, Standard Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers E2251, Standard Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserve
15、d. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2a T 59-3 AASHTO 3. CALIBRATION, STANDARDIZATION, AND CHECK 3.1. Unless otherwise specified, follow the requirements and intervals for equipment calibration, standardizations, and checks in R 18. 3.2. Follow the procedures for performing equipment c
16、alibration, standardization, and checks found in R 61. 4. SAMPLE CONDITIONING FOR TESTING 4.1. Scope: 4.1.1. This practice describes how to prepare the emulsified asphalt samples for testing. 4.2. Significance and Use: 4.2.1. Before performing the tests listed in this standard, the test samples must
17、 be conditioned to ensure that the emulsified asphalt is in its optimal state for determining its true properties. Failure to condition the test samples according to the requirements of this standard will result in a nonconforming test situation. 4.3. Apparatus: 4.3.1. A thermometer meeting the requ
18、irements of ASTM E1, E1137, or E2251 of a suitable range (see Table 1) having a maximum scale error of 1.0C (2.0F). The thermometer must be standardized in accordance with one of the methods in ASTM E77 or ASTM E644. Table 1Conditioning Temperatures and Suitable Ranges for Thermometers Initial Sampl
19、e Temperature Required Viscosity Temperature Conditioning Temperature Adjustment Maximum Bath or Oven Temperature Minimum Thermometer Temperature Range Below 21C (70F) 25C(77F) Bring sample to at least 21C (70F) 74C (165F), if used 19 to 27C (66 to 80F) Above 25C (77F) 25C(77F) Cool sample to approp
20、riate test temperature identified in the test section of this standard n/a 19 to 27C (66 to 80F) Below 50C(122F) 50C(122F) Bring sample to at least 50C (122F) 74C (165F) 49 to 57C (120 to 134F) or 19 to 27C (66 to 80F) Above 50C(122F) 50C(122F) Cool sample to appropriate test temperature identified
21、in the test section of this standard n/a 49 to 57C (120 to 134F) 4.3.2. Water Bath or OvenA vessel for heating or maintaining the temperature of the samples. 4.3.3. Stirring RodA glass or metal rod for stirring the sample. Alternatively, a non-mercury thermometer may be used as the stirring rod. 4.4
22、. Procedure: 4.4.1. Condition the sample to the appropriate temperature in Table 1 based on the initial temperature and the viscosity temperature of the sample as noted. 4.4.2. Stir the sample before testing. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights
23、reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2a T 59-4 AASHTO Note 1Stirring prematurely can damage the emulsion and possibly alter test results. Some higher viscosity emulsions may require periodic stirring after reaching 21C (70F). Note 2The container may be vented to relieve pressure
24、. COMPOSITION 5. WATER CONTENT 5.1. Scope: 5.1.1. This test method covers the procedure for determining the water content of emulsified asphalt by reflux distillation using a water trap. 5.2. Significance and Use: 5.2.1. This test method measures the amount of water present in the emulsified asphalt
25、, as distinguished from either asphalt material or petroleum solvent. 5.3. Apparatus and Materials: 5.3.1. Metal Distillation PotThe metal distillation pot Figure 1(a) shall be a vertical cylindrical vessel, preferably made of copper, having a faced flange at the top to which the head is tightly att
26、ached by means of a clamp. The head shall be made of metal, preferably brass or copper, and shall be provided with a tubulation 25.4 mm (1 in.) in inside diameter. 5.3.2. Glass Distillation PotThe glass distillation pot Figure 1(b) shall be a short-neck, round-bottom flask, made of well-annealed gla
27、ss, and having an approximate capacity of 500 mL. 5.3.3. Heat SourceThe heat source used with the metal distillation pot shall be a ring gas burner of 100-mm (4-in.) inside diameter or an electric mantle heater. The heat source for the glass distillation pot shall be either an ordinary gas burner or
28、 electric heater. 5.3.4. CondenserThe condenser shall be a water-cooled, reflux glass-tube type, having a jacket not less than 400 mm (153/4in.) in length, with an inner tube 9.5 to 12.7 mm (3/8to 1/2in.) in outside diameter. The end of the condenser shall be ground to an angle of 30 degrees 5 degre
29、es from the vertical axis of the condenser. 5.3.5. TrapThe trap shall be made of annealed glass constructed in accordance with Figure 1(c) and graduated in 0.10-mL divisions from 0 to 2 mL and in 0.20-mL divisions from 2 to 25 mL. 5.3.6. SolventXylol or other petroleum distillate conforming to the f
30、ollowing distillation requirements: 98 percent distills between 120 and 250C (248 and 482F). This distillation shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM D86. 5.3.7. BalanceConforming to the requirements of M 231, Class G 2. 5.4. Sample: 5.4.1. Obtain a representative sample of the material as speci
31、fied in R 66. Note 3The difficulties in obtaining representative samples for this determination are unusually great, so the importance of proper sampling cannot be too strongly emphasized. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplicatio
32、n is a violation of applicable law.TS-2a T 59-5 AASHTO 5.5. Procedure: 5.5.1. When the material to be tested contains 25 percent or less water, place 100 0.1 g of the sample in the distillation pot. When the material contains more than 25 percent water, use a 50 0.1-g sample. Thoroughly mix the samp
33、le to be tested with 200 mL of solvent by swirling, taking proper care to avoid any loss of material. Metric Equivalents A = 45 to 55 mm (1.8 to 2.2 in.) E = 25 to 38 mm (1.0 to 1.5 in.) B = 14 to 16 mm (0.55 to 0.62 in.) F = 186 to 194 mm (7.3 to 7.6 in.) C = 12 to 16 mm (0.47 to 0.62 in.) G = 18 t
34、o 19 mm (0.71 to 0.75 in.) D = 235 to 255 mm (9.3 to 10.0 in.) Figure 1Apparatus for Determining Water Content 5.5.2. Connect the distillation pot, trap, and condenser by means of tight-fitting corks as shown in Figure 1(a) or 1(b). Adjust the end of the condenser in the trap to a position that will
35、 allow the end to be submerged to a depth of not more than 1 mm (0.04 in.) below the surface of the liquid in the trap after distillation conditions have been established. When using the metal distillation pot, insert a heavy paper gasket, moistened with the solvent, between the lid and flange befor
36、e attaching the G (Inside Diameter)C (Inside Diameter)(c)B(InsideDiameter)AFED400mm(15.75in.)400mm(15.75in.)152.4 6.4mm(6.0 0.25in.)101.6 mm(4 in.)94 5.1 mm(3.7 0.2 in.)(b)(a) 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violat
37、ion of applicable law.TS-2a T 59-6 AASHTO clamp. Insert a loose cotton plug in the top of the condenser tube to prevent condensation of atmospheric moisture. 5.5.3. When the ring burner is used with the metal distillation pot, place it about 75 mm (3 in.) above the bottom of the distillation pot at
38、the beginning of the distillation, and gradually lower it as the distillation proceeds. Regulate the heat so that the condensate falls from the end of the condenser at a rate of 2 to 5 drops per second. Continue the distillation at the specified rate until no water is visible on any part of the appa
39、ratus and a constant volume of water is obtained in the trap (Vwt). Remove any persistent ring of condensed water in the condenser tube by increasing the rate of distillation for a few minutes. 5.6. Calculation and Report: 5.6.1. Calculate the water content as follows: Water Content, % = (Vwt/Ms) 10
40、0 (1) where: Vwt= volume of water in the trap, mL; and Ms= original mass of the sample, g. 5.6.2. Report the result as “water mass percent.” 5.7. Precision and Bias: 5.7.1. The following criteria should be used for judging the acceptability of results (95 percent probability): 5.7.1.1. Duplicate res
41、ults by the same operator should not be considered suspect unless they differ by more than the following amount: Water Content, mass % Repeatability, mass % 30 to 50 0.8 5.7.1.2. The results submitted by each of two laboratories should not be considered suspect unless they differ by more than the fo
42、llowing amount: Water Content, mass % Reproducibility, mass % 30 to 50 2.0 6. RESIDUE AND OIL DISTILLATE BY DISTILLATION 6.1. Scope: 6.1.1. This test method covers the quantitative determination of residue and oil distillate in emulsified asphalt composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphalt
43、 base, water, and an emulsifying agent. 6.2. Significance and Use: 6.2.1. This test method can be used for quantitative determination of residue and oil distillate in emulsified asphalt for specification acceptance, service evaluation, control, and research. This method can also be used to obtain re
44、sidue and oil distillate for further testing. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2a T 59-7 AASHTO Note: The distillation pot cover may be machined from Rolled Aluminum Plate Alloy 3003-H
45、14. Figure 2Example of an Aluminum-Alloy Distillation Pot (Approximate dimensions, see Section 6.3.1.) 6.3. Apparatus: 6.3.1. Aluminum-Alloy Distillation Pot1and Heat SourceApproximately 240 mm (91/2in.) in height by 95 mm (33/4in.) in inside diameter (Figure 2) with one 121-mm (43/4 -in.) inside di
46、ameter ring Cast Aluminum Alloy 319158.8-mm DiameterCast Aluminum Alloy 3193.2-mm Aluminum Plate Alloy 3003-H14Standard 101.6-mm Aluminum TubeAlloy 3003-H14101.6 mm3.2 mm241.3 mm3.2-mm Aluminum PlateAlloy 3003-H14 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All ri
47、ghts reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2a T 59-8 AASHTO burner,2having holes on the inner periphery and having three spacers to ensure centering of the burner around the distillation pot (Figure 3). Note 4Residue by distillation obtained with iron stills in accordance with T
48、59-65 is acceptable. Similarly, results obtained with a 127-mm (5-in.) ring burner as in subsequent issues of T 59 are acceptable. Figure 3Ring Burner with 121-mm (43/4-in.) Inside Diameter 6.3.2. Connection ApparatusConsisting of a glass connecting tube, tin shield, and water-cooled glass condenser
49、 of the West or Liebig type with a borosilicate glass or metal jacket and a suitable adapter between the condenser and a 100-mL graduated cylinder, all with dimensions as shown in Figure 4. 6.3.3. Graduated Cylinder100-mL capacity with graduation intervals of 1.0 mL. Note 5Larger cylinders may be used if a products distillate exceeds 100 mL. 6.3.4. ThermometersTwo of the followin
