AIAA G-034A-2014 Guide to Reference and Standard Ionosphere Models.pdf
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1、 AIAA standards are copyrighted by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191-4344 USA. All rights reserved. AIAA grants you a license as follows: The right to download an electronic file of this AIAA standard for storage on one compute
2、r for purposes of viewing, and/or printing one copy of the AIAA standard for individual use. Neither the electronic file nor the hard copy print may be reproduced in any way. In addition, the electronic file may not be distributed elsewhere over computer networks or otherwise. The hard copy print ma
3、y only be distributed to other employees for their internal use within your organization. GuideANSI/AIAA G-034A-2014 (Revision of AIAA G-034-1998) Guide to Reference and Standard Ionosphere ModelsANSI/AIAA G-034A-2014 (Revision of G-034-1998) American National Standard Guide to Reference and Standar
4、d Ionosphere Models Sponsored by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Approved May 2014 American National Standards Institute Abstract This guide assists in the selection of ionospheric models for engineering design or scientific research. It describes the content of the models, uncert
5、ainties and limitations, technical basis, databases from which the models are formed, publication references, and sources of computer codes for 46 ionospheric models. The models cover the altitude range from the Earths surface to approximately 10,000 kilometers. This guide is intended to assist comm
6、unication and space system designers and developers, geophysicists, space physicists, and climatologists in understanding available models, comparing sources of data, and interpreting engineering and scientific results based on different ionospheric models. ANSI/AIAA G-034A-2014 (revision of AIAA G-
7、034-1998) ii Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreem
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10、ards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute.
11、 Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that act
12、ion be taken to affirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by American Institute of
13、 Aeronautics and Astronautics 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191 Copyright 2014 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission
14、of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-1-64210-270-7 American National Standard ANSI/AIAA G-034A-2014 (revision of AIAA G-034-1998) iii Contents Foreword . v 1 Scope . 1 2 USU Time-Dependent Model of the Global Ionosphere 5 3 NCAR Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics G
15、eneral Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) 7 4 Coupled Thermosphere-Ionosphere Model (CTIM) . 10 5 Coupled Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Plasmasphere Model (CTIP) . 12 6 AFRL Global Theoretical Ionospheric Model (GTIM) . 13 7 Parameterized Ionospheric Model (PIM) . 15 8 International Reference Ionosphere (IRI), 1
16、996 17 9 Empirical Model of the Ionosphere (EMI) . 20 10 The Sheffield University Plasmasphere-Ionosphere Model (SUPIM) 22 11 The Field Line Interhemispheric Plasma Model . 25 12 Global Assimilation of Ionospheric MeasurementsFull Physics (GAIM-FP) 28 13 Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measuremen
17、tsGauss-Markov (GAIM-GM) . 30 14 JPL/USC GAIM: The Jet Propulsion Laboratory/University of Southern California Global Assimilative Ionospheric Model 33 15 Ionosphere Forecast Model (IFM) 35 16 Ionosphere-Plasmasphere Model (IPM) 37 17 Ionosphere-Polar Wind Model (IPWM) 39 18 Ionosphere-Polar Wind-PI
18、C (IPW-PIC) Model . 41 19 Thermosphere-Ionosphere Forecast Model (TIFM) . 43 20 NRL SAMI2/SAMI3 Models 45 21 Texas Reconfigurable Ionosphere-Plasmasphere Logarithmic Data Assimilator (TRIPL-DA) 46 22 Ionospheric Data Assimilation Four-Dimensional (IDA4D) 48 23 Incoherent Scatter Radar Ionospheric Mo
19、dels (ISRIMs) . 51 24 Probabilistic Topside Ionosphere Model 54 25 Algebraic Model . 56 26 Numerical Model of D-Region Ion Chemistry, 1995 58 27 Solar EUV and Chemistry Model . 62 28 AFRL Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck Model for the Daytime Lower Ionosphere . 65 29 AFRL Transport Model for the Electron-Pro
20、ton-Hydrogen Atom Aurora . 67 30 Two-Cell Ionospheric Convections Model 70 31 Heppner-Maynard Electric Field Models 72 32 Millstone Hill Empirical Electric Field Model, 1986 75 33 APL High-Latitude Convection Model 77 ANSI/AIAA G-034A-2014 (revision of AIAA G-034-1998) iv 34 Weimer Electric Potentia
21、l, Current, and Joule Heating Models . 80 35 The Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics (AMIE) 83 36 HWM Empirical Wind Model 86 37 Global Empirical Models of Te88 38 Empirical Model of the Ionospheric Electron and Ion Temperatures . 90 39 Photochemical Equilibrium Model for Ionospheric
22、 Conductivity 93 40 Empirical Model of Conductivities 94 41 Auroral Electron and Ion Fluxes . 96 42 WBMOD Ionospheric Scintillation Model (NWRA), 1995 . 98 43 PBMOD Time-Dependent Model of the Global Low-Latitude Ionosphere and Radio Scintillation . 101 44 FIRST: Forecasting Ionospheric Real-Time Sc
23、intillation Tool (NOAA, CIRES) 104 45 Model of the Trough in the High-Latitude F-Layer . 106 46 GPS Eight-Coefficient TEC Model . 108 47 The CPI TEC Model . 110 List of Tables Table 1 Summary of reference and standard ionospheres 1 Table 2 IRI model uncertainties for D, E, and F region parameters 17
24、 Table 3 Local climatology for ISR sites 51 ANSI/AIAA G-034A-2014 (revision of AIAA G-034-1998) v Foreword This Guide to Reference and Standard Ionosphere Models is sponsored by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) as part of its Standards Program. The proliferation of ionos
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