1、Recommended Practice for Procedures for Inspections, Maintenance, Repair, and Remanufacture of Hoisting EquipmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 8B EIGHTH EDITION, MAY 2014Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state,
2、 and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contain
3、ed herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe
4、upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publi
5、cation and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound en
6、gineering and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from usi
7、ng any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fac
8、t conform to the applicable API standard.Users of this Recommended Practice should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.All rights reserved. No par
9、t of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington,
10、DC 20005.Copyright 2014 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contai
11、ned in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is a
12、dvised but not required in order to conform to the specification.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the co
13、ntent of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translat
14、e all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can
15、be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, W
16、ashington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Terms, Definitions, and Abbreviated Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Abbreviated Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 General Principles . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
20、4.2 Personnel Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Inspection and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . 55.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.1 Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.2 Bearings . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.3 Replacement Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . 107 Remanufacture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.1 Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.2 Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Load Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.2 Performance Load Test. . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.3 Proof Load Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Do
29、cumentation and Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . 119.2 User/Owner Equipment File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.3 Activity Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Annex A (normative) Wear Limits for Square Shoulder Elevator Bores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Annex B (informative) Top Drive/Power Swivel Misalignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . 14Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Tables1 Periodic Inspection and MaintenanceCategories and Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 8A.1 Wear Limits for Square Shoulder Elevator Bores for Non-upset Casing and Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13v1Recommended Practice for Procedures for Inspections, Maintenance, Repair, and Remanufacture of Hoisting Equipment1 ScopeThis document provides guidelines a
34、nd establishes requirements for inspection, maintenance, repair, and remanufacture of items of hoisting equipment manufactured according to API 8A, API 8C, or ISO 13535 used in drilling and production operations, in order to maintain the serviceability of this equipment.Items of drilling and product
35、ion hoisting equipment covered are: crown-block sheaves and bearings; traveling blocks and hook blocks; block-to-hook adapters; connectors and link adapters; drilling hooks; tubing hooks and sucker-rod hooks; elevator links; casing elevators, tubing elevators, drill-pipe elevators, and drill-collar
36、elevators; sucker-rod elevators; rotary swivel-bail adapters; rotary swivels; power swivels; power subs; spiders, if capable of being used as elevators; dead-line tie-down/wireline anchors; drill-string motion compensators; kelly spinners, if capable of being used as hoisting equipment; riser-runnin
37、g tool components, if capable of being used as hoisting equipment; wellhead-running tool components, if capable of being used as hoisting equipment; safety clamps, capable of being used as hoisting equipment; top drives; casing running tools.2 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 8B2 Normative ReferencesThe fol
38、lowing referenced document is indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9712 1, Non-destructive testing Qualification and cert
39、ification of personnel.3 Terms, Definitions, and Abbreviated TermsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms apply.3.1 Terms and Definitions3.1.1 critical areaHighly stressed region of a primary-load-carrying component as defined by the manufacturer.3.
40、1.2 expendable partsParts normally used up or consumed in service.EXAMPLE Seals, gaskets, filters, packing, V-belts, covers, guards, breathers, drains, and miscellaneous hardware and fasteners.3.1.3 inspectionComparison of equipment conformity to predetermined standards, followed by a determination
41、of action required.3.1.4 load testTest wherein a load is applied under controlled and monitored conditions to verify the serviceability of equipment.3.1.5 maintenanceActions including inspection, adjustments, cleaning, lubrication, testing, and replacement of expendable parts, as necessary to mainta
42、in the serviceability of the equipment.3.1.6 manufacturerIndividual or company that makes or processes equipment or material covered by this document.3.1.7 ownerIndividual, legal entity, or organization holding legal title to the equipment.3.1.8 primary loadAxial load to which the equipment is subje
43、cted in operation.1International Organization for Standardization, 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, www.iso.org.RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR PROCEDURES FOR INSPECTIONS, MAINTENANCE, REPAIR, AND REMANUFACTURE OF HOISTING EQUIPMENT 33.1.9 primary-load-carrying co
44、mponentComponent of the equipment through which the primary load is carried.3.1.10 remanufactureAction performed on equipment that involves a special process or re-machining.3.1.11 repairAction performed on equipment that involves replacement of parts, other than expendable parts, but excludes reman
45、ufacture.3.1.12 serviceabilityCondition of a piece of equipment at any point in time that affects the ability of the equipment to perform its function(s) as intended.3.1.13 special processOperation that can change or affect the mechanical properties, including toughness, of the materials used in equ
46、ipment.3.1.14 testingAction carried out on a piece of equipment to ensure that it can perform a required function.3.1.15 userIndividual or company that uses equipment or material, or implements standards.3.2 Abbreviated TermsMT magnetic particle testingNDT non-destructive testingPSL product specific
47、ation levelPT liquid penetrant testingRT radiographic testingUT ultrasonic testing4 General Principles4.1 Procedures4.1.1 GeneralUsers/owners of hoisting equipment shall establish written procedures for inspection, maintenance, repair, and remanufacture of each item of equipment.4 API RECOMMENDED PR
48、ACTICE 8B4.1.2 Procedure Development4.1.2.1 User/owner and Manufacturer Joint Procedure DevelopmentThe user/owner and manufacturer should jointly develop and update inspection, maintenance, repair, and remanufacture procedures consistent with equipment application, loading, work environment, usage,
49、and operational conditions.These factors may change as a result of new technology, product improvements, or fundamental changes in service conditions.4.1.2.2 User/owner Procedure DevelopmentIf the manufacturer of the equipment no longer exists or is unable for any reason to provide suitable recommendations, the user/owner shall develop inspection, maintenance, repair, and remanufacture procedures consistent with widely-accepted industry practices.4.1.2.3 Parts and ToolingNDT, maintenance, and dismantling equipment shall be properly selected and adapted to the par
