1、Alloy and Carbon Steel Bolting for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas IndustriesAPI SPECIFICATION 20EFIRST EDITION, AUGUST 2012ERRATA, OCTOBER 2014Alloy and Carbon Steel Bolting for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas IndustriesUpstream SegmentAPI SPECIFICATION 20EFIRST EDITION, AUGUST 2012ERRATA
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15、nd materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiVContents page 1 Scope 1 1.1 Purpose . 1 1.2 Applicability 1 1.3 Bol
16、ting Specification Levels (BSL) 1 1.4 Bolting Types . 1 2 Normative References 1 3 Terms, Definitions and Abbreviations 3 3.1 Terms and Definitions . 3 3.2 Abbreviations . 4 4 Qualification Bolting . 4 4.1 General 4 4.2 Qualification Testing 4 4.3 Materials and Dimensions . 5 4.4 Acceptance of Quali
17、fication Bolting 5 4.5 Records of Qualification . 6 4.6 Limits of Bolting Qualification 6 5 Production of Qualified Bolting . 7 5.1 Qualification of Procurement Sources for Raw Material . 7 5.2 Material Specifications 8 5.3 Manufacturing Procedure Specification 8 5.4 Raw Material . 9 5.5 Chemical An
18、alysis . 10 5.6 Mechanical Properties . 10 5.7 Metallurgical Requirements 10 5.8 Examination and Test Requirements . 12 5.9 Nondestructive Examination Requirements . 13 5.10 Dimensional and Visual Inspection 14 6 Calibration Systems 14 7 Test Report 14 8 Marking Requirements . 15 8.1 ASTM Product Ma
19、rking . 15 8.2 Marking Required by this Standard . 15 9 Record Retention 15 10 Storage and Shipping . 15 Annex A (normative) Supplementary Requirements . 16 Annex B (informative) API Monogram Program . 17 1Alloy and Carbon Steel Bolting for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries 1 Scope 1.1
20、 Purpose This standard specifies requirements for the qualification, production and documentation of alloy and carbon steel bolting used in the petroleum and natural gas industries. 1.2 Applicability This standard applies when referenced by an applicable API equipment standard or otherwise specified
21、 as a requirement for compliance. An annex for supplemental requirements that may be invoked by the pur-chaser is included. 1.3 Bolting Specification Levels (BSL) This standard establishes requirements for three bolting specification levels (BSL). These three BSL des-ignations define different level
22、s of technical, quality and qualification requirements, BSL-1, BSL-2, and BSL-3. The BSLs are numbered in increasing levels of severity in order to reflect increasing technical, quality and qualification criteria. 1.4 Bolting Types This standard covers the following finished product forms, processes
23、, and sizes: a) machined studs; b) machined bolts, screws and nuts; c) cold formed bolts, screws, and nuts (BSL-1 only); d) hot formed bolts and screws 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) nominal diameter; e) hot formed bolts and screws 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) nominal diameter; f) roll threaded studs, bolts, and screws 1.5
24、 in. (38.1 mm) diameter; g) roll threaded studs, bolts, and screws 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) diameter; h) hot formed nuts 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) nominal diameter; i) hot formed nuts 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) nominal diameter. 2 Normative References The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in t
25、his text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the reference document (including amendments) applies. API 6A, 20thEdition, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment 2 API SPECIFICATIO
26、N 20E ASTM A29/A29M 1, Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Re-quirements for ASTM A193, Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High Tem-perature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications ASTM A1
27、94, Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure on High Temperature Service, or Both ASTM A320, Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for Low Tem-perature Service ASTM A370, Standard Test Method and Definitions for Mechani
28、cal Testing of Steel Products ASTM A540, Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Bolting for Special Applications ASTM A751, Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products ASTM A941, Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys and
29、 Ferroalloys ASTM A962, Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range ASTM B633, Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel ASTM B850, Standa
30、rd Guide for Post-Coating Treatments of Steel for Reducing the Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM E10, Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E18, Standard Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E45, Standard Test Method for Determining the Inclus
31、ion Content of Steel ASTM E112, Standard Test Method for Determining Average Grain Size ASTM E381, Standard Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings ASTM E384, Standard Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials ASTM E1268, Standard Practice for Assessing Degree
32、of Banding or Orientation of Microstructure ASTM F606, Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets ASTM F1470, Standard Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properti
33、es and Perfor-mance Inspection ANSI/NCSL Z540.3 2, Requirements for the Calibration of Measuring and Test Equipment SAE-AMS 2750 3, Pyrometry SAE AMS H-6875, Heat Treatment of Steel Raw Materials 1ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428, www.astm.org. 2Americ
34、an National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rdStreet, 4thFloor, New York, New York 10036, www.ansi.org. 3Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, Pennsylvania 15096-0001, www.sae.org. ALLOY AND CARBON STEEL BOLTING FOR USE IN THE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES 3 3 Te
35、rms, Definitions, and Abbreviations 3.1 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 bolting All-thread studs, tap-end studs, double-ended studs, headed bolts, cap screws, screws, and nuts. 3.1.2 cold formed bolts, screws, and nuts Parts f
36、ormed through the mechanical cold (at a temperature below the recrystallization temperature) up-setting of wire, rod, or bar in order to generate the bolt or screw head (cold heading) or the configuration of the nut. 3.1.3 heat Material originating from a final melt, or for remelted alloys, the raw
37、material originating from a single re-melted ingot. 3.1.4 heat lot a) Batch furnace: bolting or raw material of a single heat and diameter, heat treated together as a single austenitizing, quenching, tempering and stress-relieving charge. b) Continuous furnace: bolting or raw material of a single he
38、at and diameter heat treated without interrup-tion in a continuous charge with testing as defined for bolts in ASTM A193. 3.1.5 hot formed bolts, screws, and nuts Parts formed through the mechanical hot (at a temperature above the recrystallization temperature) up-setting of wire, rod, or bar in ord
39、er to generate the bolt or screw head (hot heading) or the configuration of the nut. 3.1.6 machined bolts, screws and nuts Parts manufactured by machining from raw material to generate the bolt, screw head, or the configuration of the nut. 3.1.7 manufacturing procedure specification A written docume
40、nt describing the complete production sequence and method NOTE MPS are usually proprietary by manufacturer and not for general publication but are available for review by customers or authorized third parties. 3.1.8 raw material Bar, coil, rod or wire used to manufacture bolting. 4 API SPECIFICATION
41、 20E 3.1.9 raw material supplier The manufacturer of raw material used to produce qualified bolting defined as the steel mill or forging supplier. NOTE A distributor is not considered a raw material supplier. 3.1.10 wrought structure Structure that contains no cast dendritic elements. 3.2 Abbreviati
42、ons BSL bolting specification level MPS manufacturing procedure specification NDE nondestructive examination 4 Qualification Bolting 4.1 General 4.1.1 This standard states the requirements for three bolting specification levels (BSL) and nine bolting types. The manufacturer may qualify to one or mor
43、e of the bolting types listed in 1.4 and to one or more BSLs. Each individual bolting type shall be qualified. Qualification to a higher BSL shall qualify to a lower BSL. The following paragraphs describe the conditions which, when met, allow the bolting to meet the appropriate bolting type and BSL
44、classification level. 4.1.2 Qualification bolts and nuts shall be produced from raw material procured from an approved supplier as defined in 5.1 and manufactured in accordance with an applicable Manufacturing Procedure Specification (MPS) from a bolting material grade listed in 4.3.1. 4.2 Qualifica
45、tion Testing 4.2.1 Qualification bolting shall be tested and evaluated by the bolting manufacturer in order to establish qualification to the bolting types listed in 1.4 and a BSL. Qualification bolting shall meet all of the requirements indicated in Table 1 for the applicable sections of this stand
46、ard. Table 1 Bolting Test Requirements BSL Material Heat Treat Chemistry Mechanical Metallurgical Hardness NDE Surface NDE VolumetricBSL-1 5.4.1 5.3.4 5.5 5.6 5.7.2 5.8.2.2 5.9.1 BSL-2 5.4.2 5.3.5 5.5 5.6.1 5.7.3 5.8.2.3 5.9.2 BSL-3 5.4.3 5.3.6 5.5 5.6.1 5.7.4 5.8.2.4 5.9.3.1 5.9.3.2 ALLOY AND CARBO
47、N STEEL BOLTING FOR USE IN THE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES 5 4.2.2 All required tests, including those certified by the raw material supplier, shall be performed by a laboratory qualified in accordance with an internationally recognized international standard for the qualification of test l
48、aboratories, such as ISO 17025. 4.2.3 Qualification may be performed on parts specifically manufactured for qualification or random parts selected from a production lot. A sufficient number of parts shall be used to provide adequate material for all required tests. 4.2.4 The manufacturer shall retai
49、n and have available a MPS (see 5.3) and qualification records (see 4.5) for each product qualified. The qualification records shall show all of the products, processes and sizes qualified and all of the Table 1 requirements for each qualification including the results of tests and in-spections. 4.3 Materials and Dimensions 4.3.1 The following bolting material grades are covered by this standard: ASTM A193 Grades B7 and B7M; ASTM A194 Grades 2H, 4, 7, 2HM and 7M; ASTM A320 Grades L7, L7M, and L43; ASTM A540 Grades B22 and B23. 4.3.2 All requirements of the referenced A
