1、Performance of Full-bore Vortex Meters for Measurement of Liquid FlowsAPI TECHNICAL REPORT 2577 FIRST EDITION, JULY 2018Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be r
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17、d and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . 12 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms, Definitions, and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.11 Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Field of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Test Matrix for Full-bore Vortex Meter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 Baseline Calibration at the Calibration Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 Field Testing of Vortex Meter with Hydrocarbon Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.1 4-in. (100-mm) Vortex Meter Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4-in. (100-mm) Vortex Meter Performance in the Field with Hydrocarbon F
23、luids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 2-in. (50-mm) Vortex Meter Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Additional Test Results from Other Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1710 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Annex A (informative) Plots of Baseline Proving Data of 4-in. (100-mm) Vortex Meters . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Annex B (informative) Experimental Data from OIML D 25 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Figures1 Schematic Setup at the Calibration Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . . . . 32 Calibration Facility Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Portable Proving Operation in the Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . 44 Typical Shape of a Meter Factor Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Composite Plot of Meter Factors (MF) of Five Vortex Meters for Master Meter Proves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Composite Pl
28、ot of Vortex Meter Repeatability for Master Meter Proves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Composite Plot of Difference in Meter Factor for Five Vortex Meter Data Calibrated by Master Meter and Small Volume Prover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Performance of Meter A and Meter D (Meter Factor vs Flow Rate) for Hydrocarbon Flows . . . . . . . . . . 119 Performance of Meter A and Meter D (Meter Factor vs API Gravity Hydrocarbon Fluid) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110 Performance of Meter D (Meter
30、 Factor vs Flow Rate) for Hydrocarbon Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1211 Performance of Meter D (Meter Factor vs Degree API of Hydrocarbon Fluids) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1212 Meter A Performance at Different Flow Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1313 Performance of Meter A (Meter Factor vs Degree API of Hydrocarbon Fluids) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1314 Performance of Meter E (Meter Factor vs Flow Rate) for Hydrocarbon Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1415 Perf
32、ormance of Meter E (Repeatability on Points vs Degree API of the Hydrocarbon Fluid) . . . . . . . . . 1416 Meter Factor vs Flow Rate for 2-in. (50-mm) Meter F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1517 Meter Factor vs Flow Rate for 2-in. (50-mm) Meter G
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1518 Meter Factor vs Flow Rate for 2-in. (50-mm) Meter H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1619 Composite Calibration Data of 2-in. (50-mm) Meter F, Meter G, and Mete
34、r H Calibrated by Small Volume Prover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A.1 Meter Factor of Vortex Meter A by SVP and Turbine as the Master Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18A.
35、2 Meter Factor of Vortex Meter-B by SVP and Turbine as the Master Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18A.3 Meter Factor vs Flow rate of Vortex Meter C by SVP and Turbine as the Master Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19A.4 Meter Factor of Vortex Meter D by SVP and Turbine as th
36、e Master Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19vContentsPageA.5 Meter Factor of Vortex Meter E by SVP and Turbine as the Master Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20B.1 Relation between Strouhal Number and Reynolds Number for a Vortex Meter . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . 21B.2 Meter Accuracy vs Reynolds Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Tables1 Summary Data of all Master Meter Proves at the Calibration Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. . . 62 Summary Data of Meter A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Summary Data of Meter B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . . . 94 Summary Data of Meter C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Summary Data of Meter D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Summary Data of Meter E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10viIntroduction This technical report documents performance characteristics of several commercially available v
41、ortex meters for liquid flows. Although vortex meters are available in full-bore and reduced-bore designs, performance verification and characterization were limited to full-bore liquid vortex meters only, due to the inadequacy of test data available in the public domain for reduced-bored designs an
42、d lack of funding to develop a field test database for hydrocarbon liquids. Vortex meter test results reported in this document are of nominal 2-in. (50-mm) and 4-in. (100-mm) meter sizes. Five vortex meter vendors participated in the laboratory and field tests with hydrocarbon liquid of 4-in. (100-
43、mm) meters, while only three manufacturers participated in the 2-in. (50-mm) tests. Since the flow rate through 2-in. (50-mm) vortex meters is relatively low, its use in field trials with hydrocarbon fluids was not possible, as it would delay and limit the normal operation of the field meter. Theref
44、ore, 2-in. (50-mm) vortex meter tests were limited to performance verification at the laboratory test facility with water only.The baseline performance of each meter was established under controlled flowing conditions of the laboratory test facility, where the test fluid was water. Commercially avai
45、lable 4-in. (100-mm) vortex meters output may have a manufactured pulse, where the pulse output is used during proving of the meter to establish the meter factor and repeatability of the meter factor. Also, due to time variations of shed vortices that result from hydrodynamic instability and current
46、 limitations of the available sensor technology, the raw pulse signal of vortex meters require time averaging. The reference flow rate at the proving facility was established by a Small Volume Prover (SVP), also referred to as Captive Displacement Prover (CDP), because proving of field meters for hy
47、drocarbon fluids was performed by portable proving systems that used SVP. The time of the proving run of a SVP normally used to calibrate 4-in. (100-mm) meters was inadequate for the time-averaged proving run required for the flow rate range of the liquid vortex meters. The laboratory proving setup
48、duplicated the portable field proving system. In order to achieve repeatable meter factors (MF) and laboratory and field proving of vortex meters, the MF of the meter being tested was established by utilizing the transfer proving method. The master meter (MM) for the transfer proving was the liquid
49、turbine meter, whose MF was established by the SVP. At the proving facility, the MM, meter being tested, and SVP, were installed in series.In the field, the performance of the vortex meter for hydrocarbon flows were established against the field flowmeter as the master meter, after the field meter was flow calibrated by the portable proving system. Therefore, variations in flow rate and properties of hydrocarbon fluids for vortex meter were limited as vortex meter could only be tested for the flow rates and properties of the hydrocarbon fluids for which the field meter were being ca
