1、 ANSI/ASABE AD6690:2007 JAN2011 (R2015ED) Milking machine installations Mechanical tests American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement of engineering applicable to agricultural, foo
2、d, and biological systems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultural field equipment, farmstead equipment, structures, soil and
3、 water resource management, turf and landscape equipment, forest engineering, food and process engineering, electric power applications, plant and animal environment, and waste management. NOTE: ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data are informational and advisory only. Their use by anyone
4、 engaged in industry or trade is entirely voluntary. The ASABE assumes no responsibility for results attributable to the application of ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data. Conformity does not ensure compliance with applicable ordinances, laws and regulations. Prospective users are resp
5、onsible for protecting themselves against liability for infringement of patents. ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data initially approved prior to the society name change in July of 2005 are designated as “ASAE“, regardless of the revision approval date. Newly developed Standards, Enginee
6、ring Practices and Data approved after July of 2005 are designated as “ASABE“. Standards designated as “ANSI“ are American National Standards as are all ISO adoptions published by ASABE. Adoption as an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, co
7、nsensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by ASABE. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, b
8、ut not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. CAUTION NOTICE: ASABE and ANSI standards may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Additionally, procedures of ASABE require that action be taken
9、periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw each standard. Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. All rights reserved. ASABE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Ml 49085-9659, USA, phone 269-429-0300, fax 269-429-3852, hqasabe.org ANSI/ASABE AD6690:2007 JAN2011 (R2015ED) Co
10、pyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 1 ANSI/ASABE AD6690:2007 JAN2011 (R2015ED) Approved February 2011 as an American National Standard Milking machine installations Mechanical tests These materials are subject to copyright claims of ISO and ASABE. No part of this public
11、ation may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ASABE. All requests pertaining to ANSI/ASABE AD6690:2007 (JAN2011) Standard should be submitted to ASABE. History of ASAE EP445, Test Equipment and Its Application for Measuring Mil
12、king Machine Operating Characteristics: Proposed by the Milking Machine Manufacturers Council of the Equipment Manufacturers Institute in conjunction with the ASAE IET 441 Milk Handling Equipment Committee; approved by the Electrical Power and Processing Division Standards Committee; adopted by ASAE
13、 March 1985; reconfirmed December 1989; revised July 1996; reaffirmed December 2001, February 2003; reaffirmation extended two years February 2008. EP445 was used as a basis document for ISO 6690, Milking machine installations - Mechanical tests. ASAE EP445.1 replaced by adoption with deviations of
14、ISO 6690:2007 January 2011; approved by ANSI February 2011; reaffirmed by ASABE December 2015, reaffirmed by ANSI December 2015. Keywords: Dairy, Milking, Terminology 0 Forward 0.1 ANSI/ASABE AD6690:2007, Milking machine installations Mechanical tests, is an adoption with deviations of the identical
15、ly titled ISO standard ISO 6690:2007, Milking machine installations Mechanical tests. Deviations noted in the following Forward sections pertain to those provisions where harmonization could not be achieved between ASABE and the International Standard. Deviations from the subsequently printed intern
16、ational standard are noted with underscore (additions) and strikethrough for deletions text. Deviations from the international standard figures and equations are clearly marked. 0.2 ANSI/ASABE AD6690:2007 specifies mechanical tests for milking machine installations in order to verify compliance of a
17、n installation or component with the requirements of ISO 5707, which has been adopted with deviations by ASABE as ANSI/ASABE AD5707:2007. It also stipulates the accuracy requirements for the measuring instruments. This Standard is applicable for testing new installations and for periodic checking of
18、 installations for efficiency of operation. Alternative test methods may be applicable if they can be shown to achieve comparable results. Test procedures described in Annex A are primarily for testing in the laboratory. An example of a field test procedure which can reduce the time and effort invol
19、ved in testing is given in Annex C and a corresponding test report in Annex D. 0.3 Two Normative references are listed in ISO 6690:2007. The responsible ASABE committee has reviewed these references and approves the following deviations: 0.3.1 Replace ISO 3918:2007, Milking machine installations Voc
20、abulary; with ANSI/ASABE AD3918:2007, Milking machine installations Vocabulary. Any reference to ISO 3918:2007 in the printed portion of ISO 6690 shall be replaced by ANSI/ASABE AD3918:2007. 0.3.2 Replace ISO 5707:2007, Milking machine installations Construction and performance; with ANSI/ASABE AD57
21、07:2007, Milking machine installations Construction and performance. Any reference to ISO 5707:2007 in the printed portion of ISO 6690 shall be replaced by ANSI/ASABE AD5707:2007. ANSI/ASABE AD6690:2007 JAN2011 (R2015ED) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 2 0.4 This
22、standard has been approved as an American National Standard by ANSI (American National Standards Institute). ASAE EP445, Test Equipment and Its Application for Measuring Milking Machine Operating Characteristics, was used as a basis document for ISO 6690, Milking machine installations Mechanical tes
23、ts. 0.5 ASABE technical deviations from ISO 6690:2007. 0.5.1 Reference of ISO 5707 in the Scope of ISO 6690 is replaced with ANSI/ASABE AD5707:2007. 0.5.2 See section 0.3 for Normative reference deviations. Text of ISO 6690:2007, Milking machine installations Mechanical tests, follows. WARNING Some
24、of the tests specified in this International Standard involve procedures which could lead to a hazardous situation. The attention of any person performing tests in accordance with this International Standard is drawn to the need to be appropriately trained in the type of work to be carried out. It i
25、s left to the responsibility of the user to check all national regulatory conditions and health and safety requirements applicable for the relevant country. 1 Scope This International Standard specifies mechanical tests for milking machine installations in order to verify compliance of an installati
26、on or component with the requirements of ISO 5707 ANSI/ASABE AD5707:2007. It also stipulates the accuracy requirements for the measuring instruments. This International Standard is applicable for testing new installations and for periodic checking of installations for efficiency of operation. Altern
27、ative test methods may be applicable if they can be shown to achieve comparable results. Test procedures described in Annex A are primarily for testing in the laboratory. An example of a field test procedure which can reduce the time and effort involved in testing is given in Annex C and a correspon
28、ding test report in Annex D. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applie
29、s. ISO 3918:2007, Milking machine installations Vocabulary ANSI/ASABE AD3918:2007 Milking machine installations Vocabulary ISO 5707:2007, Milking machine installations Construction and performance ANSI/ASABE AD5707:2007, Milking machine installations Construction and performance 3 Definitions For th
30、e purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3918 ANSI/ASABE AD3918:2007 apply. ANSI/ASABE AD6690:2007 JAN2011 (R2015ED) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 3 4 Test equipment 4.1 General Measurements to be made for the specific milking machine
31、shall be determined before making the tests. The measuring equipment shall have a precision (maximum error) that, together with the skill of the tester, ensures that the requirements given in ISO 5707 ANSI/ASABE AD5707:2007 can be recorded with sufficient accuracy. The instruments shall be calibrate
32、d regularly to ensure the given specifications. The measuring points A1, A2, Vm, Vr, Vp and Pe referred to in this International Standard are described in 4.2.2 and 4.2.3 of ISO 5707 ANSI/ASABE AD5707:2007. 4.2 Measurement of vacuum The instrument used for measuring vacuum shall be able to measure w
33、ith an error of less than 0,6 kPa and a repeatability within 0,2 kPa. NOTE A vacuum gauge of accuracy class 1,0 will usually meet this requirement if calibrated at a vacuum close to that measured. The accuracy class is defined as the maximum permissible error expressed as a percentage of the pressur
34、e range for the gauge. 4.3 Measurement of a vacuum changing over time The instrument used for measuring a vacuum changing over time shall fulfil the minimum requirements given in Table 1. If the sample rate is much higher than the minimum given in Table 1, then filtering shall be applied. The filter
35、ing frequency shall be maximum 50 % of the measuring frequency and approximately the frequency of the expected signal intended to be captured. NOTE The minimum requirements given in Table 1 ensure that 90 % of the true amplitude and rate of vacuum changes, or 90 % of the resolution of the recording
36、equipment (0,2 kPa), will be measured, whichever is greater. Table 1 Minimum sample rate and response rates for vacuum recording systems No. of Test Type of Test Minimum Sample Rate Minimum Response Rate Hz kPa/s 1 Tests in the receiver and in dry parts of the milking machine. 24 100 2 Test of pulsa
37、tors 100 1 000 3 Wet or milking-time tests in the milkline. 48 1 000 4 Wet or milking-time tests in the claw. 63 1 000 5 Wet or milking-time tests in the short milk tube. 170 2 500 6 Milking-time test of vacuum changes in the short milk tubes during a liner slip. 1 000 22 000 7 Milking-time test of
38、vacuum changes in the short milk tubes during a liner squawk. 2 500 42 000 NOTE Normal rate of vacuum change in the pulsation chamber in the beginning of phases a and c (see ISO 3918 ANSI/ASABE AD3918:2007, 5.9 and 5.11) can be about 1 000 kPa/s. ANSI/ASABE AD6690:2007 JAN2011 (R2015ED) Copyright Am
39、erican Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 4 4.4 Measurement of atmospheric pressure The instrument used for measuring the atmospheric pressure shall be able to measure with an error of less than 1 kPa. 4.5 Measurement of back pressure The instrument used for measuring back pressure sha
40、ll be able to measure with an error of less than 1 kPa. 4.6 Measurement of airflow The instrument used for measuring airflow shall be capable of measuring with a maximum error of 5 % of the measured value and a repeatability of 1 % of the measured value or 1 l/min of free air, whichever is the great
41、er, over a vacuum range of 30 kPa to 60 kPa and for atmospheric pressures from 80 kPa to 105 kPa. Correction curves shall be supplied if they are necessary to achieve this accuracy. NOTE 1 A fixed orifice flowmeter is suitable for airflows admitted from the atmosphere. Such a meter is an adjustable
42、calibrated valve that allows a set airflow to enter a vacuum system. NOTE 2 To measure the air admission and leakage in a cluster or teatcup (see 8.3 and 8.4) a flowmeter actually measuring the passing airflow is necessary. A variable area flowmeter is suitable. When inserted in the long milk tube t
43、hey measure expanded airflow and thus must be calibrated or corrected to the available vacuum or air pressure. As flowmeters actually measure the flow at the operating vacuum, most meter readings shall be corrected for that vacuum and the ambient atmospheric pressure according to the instructions fo
44、r the instrument. An alternative method for measuring air admission and leakage without a flowmeter is given in Annex B. 4.7 Measurement of pulsation characteristics The instrument, including connection tubes, used for measuring pulsation characteristics shall measure with an error of less than 1 pu
45、lse/min for the pulsation rate and with an error of less than 1 unit of percentage for the pulsation phases and the pulsator ratio (see Figure 6 of ISO 3918 ANSI/ASABE AD3918:2007 ). See also Table 1. The dimensions of the connection tube and T-piece used for attachment to the installation shall be
46、specified with the instrument. 4.8 Measurement of pump rotational frequency The instrument used for measuring the rotational frequency of the pump shall be able to measure with an error of less than 2 % of the measured value. 4.9 Teatcup plugs Standard teatcup plugs which are in accordance with Figu
47、re 1 shall be used. The plugs shall withstand cleaning and disinfection. The materials shall comply with the requirements given in 4.4 of ISO 5707 ANSI/ASABE AD5707:2007 for materials in contact with milk. Some means shall be provided to keep the plug in the liner (e.g. a bead or a cylindrical part)
48、. ANSI/ASABE AD6690:2007 JAN2011 (R2015ED) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 5 Figure 1 Teatcup plug 5 Vacuum system 5.1 General requirements and preparation 5.1.1 General 5.1.1.1 To keep a milking plant in good condition, periodic checking is recommended. If the ef
49、fective reserve (see 5.2.5) obtained at the acceptance test has not changed significantly, it is not necessary to perform the tests described in 5.2.4, 5.3.1 and 5.4. 5.1.1.2 For the investigation of particular defects or failures, only those tests that are appropriate to the problem need to be applied. 5.1.2 Preparation before testing 5.1.2.1 Start the vacuum pump and put the milking machine into the milking position with all milking units connected. Portable milking units shall be placed at the most distant milking positions. Teatcup p
