1、AmericAn nAtionAl StAndArdANSI/ASSE Z117.1 2016Safety Requirements forEntering Confined SpacesAmericAn Society of SAfety engineerS4Casselogo-1200dpi_vector-1c-outline.pdf 1 1/20/2012 1:31:55 PMANSI/ASSE Z117.1 - 2016ANSI/ASSE Z117.1 - 2016The information and materials contained in this publication h
2、ave been developed from sources believed to be reliable. However, the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as secretariat of the ANSI accredited Z117 Committee or individual committee members accept no legal responsibility for the correctness or completeness of this material or its applicatio
3、n to specific factual situations. By publication of this standard, ASSE or the Z117 Committee does not ensure that adherence to these recommendations will protect the safety or health of any persons, or preserve property. ANSI ANSI/ASSE Z117.1 2016 American National Standard Safety Requirements for
4、Entering Confined Spaces Secretariat American Society of Safety Engineers 520 N. Northwest Highway Park Ridge, IL 60068 Approved August 4, 2016 Effective January 1, 2017 American National Standards Institute, Inc. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned wit
5、h its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether they have approved the standard or not, from manufacturing,
6、marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no cir
7、cumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no persons shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be rev
8、ised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on a
9、ll standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published October 2016 by: American Society of Safety Engineers 520 N. Northwest Highway Park Ridge, IL 60068 (847) 699-2929 www.asse.org Copyright 2016 by American Society of Safety Engineers All Rights Reserved. No part
10、of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America American National Standard Foreword (This Foreword is not a part of American National Standard Z117.1 2016
11、.) This standard was developed by an American National Standards Committee, national in scope, functioning under the procedures of the American National Standards Institute with the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as Secretariat. This standard provides minimum requirements to be followed
12、 while entering, working in and exiting confined spaces at ambient atmospheric pressure. It is intended that the procedures and performance requirements detailed herein will be adopted by every employer whose operations fall within the scope and purpose of the standard. Neither the standards committ
13、ee, nor the secretariat, feel that this standard is perfect or in its ultimate form. It is recognized that new developments are to be expected, and that revisions of the standard will be necessary as the art progresses and further experience is gained. It is felt, however, that uniform requirements
14、are very much needed and that the standard in its present form provides for the minimum performance requirements necessary in developing and implementing a comprehensive confined space program for the protection of personnel. In 1993, OSHA estimated that 238,000 establishments had permit required co
15、nfined spaces. These establishments employed approximately 1.6 million workers, including contractors, who entered 4.8 million permit-required confined spaces annually. OSHA further estimated that 63 fatalities and 13,000 lost workdays and non-lost workday cases involving confined spaces entry occur
16、red annually. OSHA and NIOSH data during the period 1980-1993 indicated atmospheric conditions were the leading cause of death associated with confined space entry. The data indicated that oxygen deficiency, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and inert gases ranked as the leading specific atmospheric hazard
17、ous conditions. Engulfment was found to be second in terms of occurrence. Mechanical asphyxiation from loose materials such as grain, agricultural products, sand, cement and gravel was dominant. Evidence suggested that the cause of death associated with confined space entry has not changed appreciab
18、ly during recent years. In the revision of the 2009 version of Z117.1, the ASC reviewed recent data and information addressing confined space incidents. Federal OSHA fatality and catastrophe statistics were collected from their database using confined space as the search words between years 2002 and
19、 2012. A total of 222 cases were reviewed and it was determined that over 80% of fatalities were still caused by atmospheric hazards, and oxygen deficiency was the leading atmospheric hazard. It should be understood that the fatality cases in this sampling do not represent all U.S. confined space in
20、cidents resulting in fatalities. The mining, agriculture and maritime sectors as well as various states with their own primary jurisdiction for safety and health enforcement are likely to be the source of many more cases not discussed within the Foreword of the Z117.1 standard. Upon review of this d
21、ata, much remains to be done, particularly in regards to verification of atmospheres for entrants prior to and during confined space activity. The Z117 Committee acknowledges the critical role of design in influencing the safe entry and work in confined spaces. ANSI has an existing standard ANSI/ASS
22、E Z590.3, Prevention through Design, this standard should be consulted when considering design modifications. The failure to incorporate safety during the design process and overlooked design deficiencies can often increase the risk for entrants: examples are (1) means of entry (portals, hatchways,
23、etc.) which are too small, improperly located or that complicate/inhibit escape; (2) spaces which are convoluted, unnecessarily obstructed or hazardously configured; (3) internal clearances which are too tight for safe passage; (4) space penetration distances which are excessive without alternative
24、means of access or escape; (5) absence of appropriate devices to isolate all energy sources from the space; (6) no provision for vessel mechanisms/devices to prevent loose materials from bridging, compacting, etc. (7) lack of features that would enhance space ventilation effectiveness; (8) structura
25、l weaknesses in walls, floors, ceilings, fixed apertures such as ladders, walkways or pipes containing gases, liquids, or steam, or which increase hazard risk to entrants while working or coming in contact with stated structures in confined spaces; (9) absence of anchor points for retrieval devices
26、and (10) locating gauges, floats and shut off valves outside the confined space will design out the need to possibly enter in the first place. The standard does not attempt to address these issues. It is believed they are best dealt with by the purchaser, employer or owner during a projects design,
27、acquisition or construction. However, it is recommended that designers, manufacturers and users make confined space design issues a priority when new or modified machinery, equipment, processes or facilities are contemplated. For existing confined spaces which have recognized design deficiencies, it
28、 should be the responsibility of those authorizing entry to either: modify or correct the deficiencies when possible; or employ alternate means to accomplish the work without exposing personnel; or develop and implement specific safe entry procedures for each confined space; or dismantle, open, remo
29、ve, etc. the equipment/process rather than enter if the risk is deemed unacceptable. The Z117 Committee solicits public input that may suggest revisions to the standard. Such input should be sent to the Secretariat, American Society of Safety Engineers, 520 N. Northwest Highway, Park Ridge, IL 60068
30、. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by American National Standards Committee on Confined Spaces Z117. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time of approval, the Z117 Committee had the foll
31、owing members: Terry Krug, CIH, CSP, Chair Timothy Healey, Vice-Chair Ovidiu Munteanu, Secretary Timothy R. Fisher, CSP, CHMM, ARM, CPEA, Assistant Secretary Jennie Dalesandro, Administrative Technical Support Organization Represented Name of Representative Aluminum Association Mark Eliopulos Americ
32、an Association of Occupational Health Nurses, Inc. Carol A. Santee, RN, COHN-S, CCM American Industrial Hygiene Association Neil McManus, MS, CIH, ROH, CSP American Petroleum Institute Scott Wozniak, P.E. American Society of Safety Engineers Edward V. Grund, CSP, P.E. American Welding Society Gus Ma
33、nz Stephen Hedrick Arthur J. Gallagher Risk Management Services C. Gary Lopez, CSP Bret M. Clausen Bret M. Clausen, CIH, CSP, CHMM, ARM Covestro LLC Terry Ketchum Draeger Safety Russ Warn Greg Holland Edison Electric Institute Janet Fox Charles J. Kelly Ellis Fall Safety Solutions, LLC J. Nigel Elli
34、s, Ph.D., P.E., CSP, CPE John Whitty, P.E. Exceptional Occupational Safety microorganisms such as bacteria some fungi, mold, yeasts and algae; plants and plant products, and animals and animal products, which cause occupational disease. 2.4 Blinding/Blanking. Inserting a solid barrier across the ope
35、n end of a pipe, line or duct or in between two flanges, leading into or out of the confined space, and securing the barrier in such a way to prevent leakage of material into the confined space. E2.4 A blank is designed as a flat plate between two flanges typically inside the flange bolt pattern (AS
36、ME B31.3 Paragraph 304.5.3). The blank must be sized for full design pressure (maximum non-shock pressure rating) of the line. A blind is designed as a bolted flat plate, which can be used to terminate a pipe line (ASME B31.3 paragraph 304.5.2b). When a blind is required, use the geometry specified
37、in ANSI/ASME B16.5. 2.5 Confined Space. Enclosed area large enough and configured to allow a person to bodily enter and has the following characteristics: Its primary function is other than human occupancy. Has restricted entry and exit. (Restricted entry and exit is a physical configuration, which
38、requires the use of the hands for support or contortion of the body to enter into or exit from a confined space.) E2.5 Examples of confined spaces include, but are not limited to: tanks, silos, vessels, pits, sewers, pipelines, penstock, boilers, septic tanks, utility vaults, tank cars and other mob
39、ile containers. Temporary structures may meet the criteria of this definition. Tanks and other structures under construc-tion may or may not be considered confined spaces until its configuration meets the applicable confined space definition. 2.6 Double Block and Bleed. A method used to isolate a co
40、nfined space from a line, duct or pipe by physically closing two main valves on a piping system, and opening a vented-to-atmosphere valve between them. E2.6 Bleed means that pressure will vent and not build against the secondary valve while material coming out the bleeder will indicate leakage past
41、the primary block valve and the need for remedial action. To assure this will be accomplished, the bleed valve (line) should be adequate to ensure any valve leakage will be bled effectively as the line it serves. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z117.1 2016 12 2.7 Emergency. Any occurrence inside or outsi
42、de of the confined space that could endanger the entry team. 2.8 Engulfment. The surrounding and effective capture of a person by a liquid or flowable solid substance. 2.9 Entrant. A person authorized by the entry supervisor who enters a confined space to perform an assigned task. 2.10 Entry. Ingres
43、s by persons into a confined space, which occurs upon breaking the plane of the confined space portal with any part of the body. Entry includes all periods of time in which the confined space is occupied. 2.11 Entry Supervisor (Entry Leader). Due to the extensive knowledge, skills and experience, th
44、is individual is given the authority and responsibility to direct and implement all aspects of the confined space entry operation. This could be done personally or designated to a qualified person. 2.12 Evacuation. An unaided emergen-cy exit out of a confined space. This action may result from the e
45、ntrants own decision or by a command from outside the space. E2.12 This is referred to in OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146 as self-rescue. 2.13 Hazard. A condition or potential condition or inherent characteristic of an activity, or circumstance, which can produce injury, illness, death or property damage. E2.1
46、3 Examples are materials that cause oxygen deficiency/enrichment, flammability, explosivity, toxicity, corrosivity, stored product, chemical, electrical or mechanical energy. 2.14 Hazardous Atmosphere. An atmosphere that exists or has the potential to exist and causes serious harm or death to occupa
47、nts by reason of: oxygen deficiency or enrichment; flammability or explosivity by gas, vapor, dust; or toxicity. 2.15 Horizontal Rescue. Methodology to move the entrant to safety while the entrants weight is supported by the surface AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z117.1 2016 13 of the spaces floor or ot
48、her horizontal level within the space. 2.16 Hot Work. Work that produces arcs, sparks, flames, heat or other sources of ignition. E2.16 Hot work may include such things as electric arc and gas welding, chipping, flaming, grinding, gas cutting, brazing, soldering, etc. (Appendix D of ANSI/AWS Z49.1 l
49、ists more than 90 welding and allied processes that qualify as hot work). Hot work activities may produce contaminants or toxic materials. 2.17 Isolation. A process of physically interrupting, disconnecting or removing pipes, lines and energy sources such as electrical, pneumatic and gravitational forces from entering the confined space. E2.17 Disconnecting and separating pipes, blinding/blanking, double block and bleed pipe fluids and gases, lockout energy sources such as: electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic and gravitational. Gravitational could be an elevator c
