1、Shell-and-tube Heat Exchangers ANSI/API STANDARD 660 EIGHTH EDITION, AUGUST 2007 ISO 16812:2007 (Identical), Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industriesShell-and-tube Heat Exchangers American Petroleum InstituteLicensee=China Standards Information Center 5954931Not for Resale, 2014-9-19 02:5
2、8:03No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-American Petroleum InstituteLicensee=China Standards Information Center 5954931Not for Resale, 2014-9-19 02:58:03No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Special Notes API publications necessarily ad
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11、ale, 2014-9-19 02:58:03No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-API Foreword Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by l
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16、.C. 20005. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards and Publications Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org. iiAmerican Petroleum InstituteLicensee=China Standards Information Center 5954931Not for Resale, 2014-9-19 02:58:03No repro
17、duction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Contents Page API Foreword ii Foreword .v Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 General .3 5 Proposals .3 6 Drawings and other required data.4 6.1 Outline drawings and other supporting data4 6.2 Infor
18、mation required after outline drawings are reviewed5 6.3 Reports and records .6 7 Design.7 7.1 Design temperature.7 7.2 Cladding for corrosion allowance .7 7.3 Shell supports7 7.4 Stationary head8 7.5 Floating head .8 7.6 Tube bundle .9 7.7 Nozzles and other connections .12 7.8 Flanged external girt
19、h joints 13 7.9 Expansion joints13 7.10 Gaskets.14 7.11 Handling devices.15 7.12 Hydrogen service 15 8 Materials .15 8.1 General .15 8.2 Gaskets.16 8.3 Tubes 16 9 Fabrication .16 9.1 Shells 16 9.2 Pass-partition plates .16 9.3 Connection junctions16 9.4 Tubes 17 9.5 Welding.17 9.6 Heat treatment .17
20、 9.7 Dimensional tolerances 18 9.8 Gasket contact surfaces other than nozzle-flange facings.18 9.9 Tube holes19 9.10 Tube-to-tubesheet joints.19 9.11 Assembly19 ANSI/API Standard 660/ISO 16812iiiAmerican Petroleum InstituteLicensee=China Standards Information Center 5954931Not for Resale, 2014-9-19
21、02:58:03No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-10 Inspection and testing 20 10.1 Quality assurance. 20 10.2 Quality control. 20 10.3 Pressure testing 21 10.4 Nameplates and stampings . 22 11 Preparation for shipment . 22 11.1 Protection 22 11.2 Identification 23 12 Supp
22、lemental requirements 23 12.1 General. 23 12.2 Design 23 12.3 Examination. 23 Annex A (informative) Recommended practices 25 Annex B (informative) Shell-and-tube heat exchanger checklist 27 Annex C (informative) Shell-and-tube heat exchanger data sheets 28 Annex D (informative) Responsibility data s
23、heet 39 Bibliography. 41 ANSI/API Standard 660/ISO 16812ivAmerican Petroleum InstituteLicensee=China Standards Information Center 5954931Not for Resale, 2014-9-19 02:58:03No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardiza
24、tion) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
25、represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standard
26、s are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Interna
27、tional Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16812 was
28、 prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 6, Processing equipment and systems. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16812:2002), which has been technical
29、ly revised. ANSI/API Standard 660/ISO 16812vAmerican Petroleum InstituteLicensee=China Standards Information Center 5954931Not for Resale, 2014-9-19 02:58:03No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Introduction Users of this International Standard should be aware that fur
30、ther or differing requirements may be needed for individual applications. This International Standard is not intended to inhibit a vendor from offering, or the purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions for the individual application. This may be particularly applicable
31、 where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative is offered, the vendor should identify any variations from this International Standard and provide details. Annex A provides some optional recommended practices. A bullet (z) at the beginning of a clause or subclause indicates
32、 a requirement for the purchaser to make a decision or provide information (see checklist in Annex B). In this International Standard, where practical, US Customary (USC) units are included in parentheses for information. ANSI/API Standard 660/ISO 16812viAmerican Petroleum InstituteLicensee=China St
33、andards Information Center 5954931Not for Resale, 2014-9-19 02:58:03No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries Shell-and-tube heat exchangers 1 Scope This International Standard specifies requirements and gives recommendat
34、ions for the mechanical design, material selection, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of shell-and-tube heat exchangers for the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. This International Standard is applicable to the following types of shell-and-tube heat exc
35、hangers: heaters, condensers, coolers and reboilers. This International Standard is not applicable to vacuum-operated steam surface condensers and feed-water heaters. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference
36、s, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 15156 (all parts), Petroleum and natural gas industries Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production ASME B 16.51), Pipe Flan
37、ges and Flanged Fittings ASME B 16.11, Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded ASME B 1.20.1, Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch) EJMA2), Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association NACE MR01033 ), Materials Resistant to Sulfide Stress Cracking in Corrosive Petroleum Refining En
38、vironments TEMA Standards Set4), 8thEdition, Standards of the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 1) ASME International, 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990, USA.2) Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association, 25 North Broadway, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA. 3) NACE International, P.O. Box 2183
39、40, Houston, TX 77218-8340, USA. 4) Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, 25 North Broadway, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA. ANSI/API Standard 660/ISO 168121American Petroleum InstituteLicensee=China Standards Information Center 5954931Not for Resale, 2014-9-19 02:58:03No reproduction or networking
40、 permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 annular distributor additional chamber incorporated into a shell side nozzle to more evenly distribute shell side fluids entering or exiting the tube bund
41、le 3.2 category A welded joint longitudinal welded joint within the main shell, communicating chambers, nozzles or transitions in diameter; or any welded joint within a sphere or within a formed or flat head; or circumferential welded joint connecting hemispherical heads to main shells, to transitio
42、ns in diameters or to communicating chambers 3.3 category B welded joint circumferential welded joint within the main shell, communicating chambers, nozzles or transitions in diameter, including joints between the transitions and a cylinder at either the large or small end; or circumferential welded
43、 joint connecting formed heads, other than hemispherical, to main shells, to transitions in diameter, to nozzles or to communicating chambers 3.4 communicating chamber heat-exchanger appurtenance that intersects the shell or heads of the heat exchanger and forms an integral part of the pressure-cont
44、aining envelope EXAMPLES Sump, annular distributor. 3.5 effective surface outside surface area of the tubes that contributes to heat transfer 3.6 full-penetration weld welded joint that results in weld metal through the entire thickness of the components being joined 3.7 heat-exchanger unit one or m
45、ore heat exchangers for a specified service that may include alternative operating conditions 3.8 hydrogen service service that contains hydrogen at a partial pressure exceeding 700 kPa (100 psi) absolute 3.9 item number purchasers identification number for a heat-exchanger unit 3.10 nubbin projecti
46、on on the flange gasket surface, positioned at the centre of the gasket, used to concentrate the bolt load on the gasket 3.11 pressure design code recognized pressure vessel standard specified or agreed by the purchaser EXAMPLES ASME Section VIII, EN 13445. ANSI/API Standard 660/ISO 168122American P
47、etroleum InstituteLicensee=China Standards Information Center 5954931Not for Resale, 2014-9-19 02:58:03No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3.12 seal-welded tube-to-tubesheet joint weld of unspecified strength applied between the tubes and tubesheets for the sole purp
48、ose of reducing the potential for leakage 3.13 strength-welded tube-to-tubesheet joint welded so that the design strength is equal to, or greater than, the axial tube strength specified by the pressure design code 4 General z 4.1 The pressure design code shall be specified or agreed by the purchaser. Pressure components shall comply with the pressure design code and the supplemental requirements given in this International Standard. 4.2 Heat-exchanger construction shall conform to TEMA (8thedition), Class R, unless anothe
