1、 ANSI/ASA S12.75-2012 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Methods for the Measurement of Noise Emissions from High Performance Military Jet Aircraft Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114 E Melville, NY 11747-3177ANSI/ASAS12.7
2、5-2012 The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (A SA) is an organi zation of scientists and eng
3、ineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. ANSI/ASA S12.75-2012 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Methods for the Measurement of Noise Emissions from High Performance Military Jet Aircraft Secretariat: Acoustical Society of America Ap
4、proved on September 20, 2012 by: American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This standard describes noise measurement procedures to characterize the noise emissions from high performance (supersonic jet flow) military aircraft. Specific detailed noise measurement procedures are described f
5、or characterizing noise for environmental documents such as environmental impact statements and environmental assessments, and for quantifying aircraft noise emissions. This standard describes test procedures for ground run-up and flyover tests for conventional take-off and landing, short/vertical t
6、ake-off and landing operations. The standard also describes signal processing, data formatting, and measurement uncertainty. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical
7、 Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, S3/SC 1 on Animal Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are
8、published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, indus
9、try, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the Accredited Standards Committees (operating in accordance with procedures approved by ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administer
10、s Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for
11、their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materiall
12、y affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely volun
13、tary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdr
14、awn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215
15、Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2012 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior wr
16、itten permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. Acoustical Society of America 2012 All rights reserved iContents 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 2 4 Noise measurement instrumentation re
17、quirements 5 4.1 Noise recording systems 5 4.2 Microphones and preamplifiers 5 4.3 Recorder general requirements . 5 5 Measurement site 7 5.1 Terrain 7 5.2 Ground impedance. 8 5.3 Weather requirements . 8 6 Noise measurement methods . 11 6.1 Field test general methods . 11 6.2 Aircraft performance m
18、easurement methods 12 6.3 Conventional take-off and landing (CTOL) ground run-up methods 13 6.4 Short take-off/vertical landing (STOVL) / Vertical take-off/vertical landing (VTO/VL) ground run-up methods . 18 6.5 CTOL flyover noise methods . 19 6.6 Short take-off/short landing (STO/SL) flyover noise
19、 methods . 24 6.7 Vertical take-off/vertical landing (VTO/VL) flyover noise methods 26 7 Data analysis . 29 7.1 Weather analysis 29 7.2 Spectrum analysis 29 7.3 Corrected spectral time histories . 30 7.4 Weighted overall levels 30 7.5 Uncorrected pressure time histories pressure vs. time. 30 7.6 Air
20、craft tracking data 30 7.7 Aircraft performance histories 30 8 Reporting and test documentation 30 8.1 Calibration records . 30 8.2 Weather data 30 8.3 Test log / scribe notes 30 8.4 Instrumentation set-up log . 31 8.5 Test location data . 31 8.6 Ground impedance data 31 8.7 Aircraft performance dat
21、a 31 8.8 Aircraft tracking data 31 8.9 Raw noise measurement data . 31 8.10 Reduced noise data . 31 Annex A (normative) Measurement uncertainty for ground run-up noise methods . 34 A.1 Measurement uncertainty 34 Acoustical Society of America 2012 All rights reserved iiAnnex B (normative) Measurement
22、 uncertainty for flyover noise methods 36 B.1 Measurement uncertainty 36 Annex C (informative) Microphone cable length considerations . 38 Annex D (informative) Conventional flight procedure communication protocols . 40 Annex E (normative) Obstructions and reflections 42 E.1 Obstructions . 42 E.2 Fi
23、eld reflections check . 42 Annex F (informative) Spectral smearing with low-level flyovers 43 F.1 Source angle smearing 43 Annex G (informative) Elevated microphones direct vs. reflected waves 45 Annex H (informative) Weather analysis: Corrections for atmospheric absorption for flyover 47 Bibliograp
24、hy 48 Figures Figure 1Atmospheric absorption in dB for temperature-relative humidity for the 1 kHz 1/3-octave band at 1000 ft (ANSI/ASA S1.26-1995 (R2009) . 10 Figure 2CTOL ground run-up personnel near-field microphone locations . 13 Figure 3CTOL far-field ground run-up noise reduction microphone lo
25、cations 15 Figure 4CTOL far-field ground run-up community noise microphone locations . 16 Figure 5CTOL far-field ground run-up and propagation / noise reduction microphone locations 17 Figure 6STOVL and VTO/VL aircraft ground run-up microphone locations . 19 Figure 7CTOL flyover noise central array
26、microphone locations 20 Figure 8CTOL flyover noise very far-field microphone locations 21 Figure 9VTO/VL flyover noise microphone locations . 27 Figure 10Example of an ASCII header mirroring the contents of the database description document . 33 Figure C.1Maximum frequency as a function of cable len
27、gth for constant current supply levels of 2, 4, 10, and 20 mA for coaxial cable type and maximum output sensor voltages of: a) RG-58 and 1 V, b) RG-58 and 10 V, c) RG-59 and 1 V, d) RG-59 and 10 V 39 Figure F.1Smearing angle as a function of measured theta angle for a centerline microphone position
28、44 Acoustical Society of America 2012 All rights reserved iiiFigure F.2Smearing angle as a function of measured theta angle for a 1000-foot offset microphone position 44 Figure G.1Difference in theta angle between direct and reflected waves for a level flyover measured at an elevated microphone . 46
29、 Figure G.2Presumed single source, ground effect propagation for high microphone, versus separate uncorrelated actual and image sources . 46 Tables Table A.1 Uncertainty budget for the ground run-up noise measurement methods 35 Table B.1 Uncertainty budget for the flyover noise measurement methods 3
30、7 Acoustical Society of America 2012 All rights reserved iv Foreword This Foreword is for information only, and is not a part of the American National Standard ANSI/ASA S12.75-2012 American National Standard Methods for the Measurement of Noise Emissions from High Performance Military Jet Aircraft.
31、As such, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformation to the standard. This standard comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use i
32、n noise. It was developed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee S12 Noise, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S12 is as follows: Standards, specificat
33、ions, and terminology in the field of acoustical noise pertaining to methods of measurement, evaluation, and control, including biological safety, tolerance, and comfort, and physical acoustics as related to environmental and occupational noise. This standard is not comparable to any existing ISO St
34、andard. At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise for approval, the membership was as follows: W.J. Murphy, Chair R.D. Hellweg, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary 3M Occupational Health FAX: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org. Acoustical Society of Americ
35、a 2012 All rights reserved viiIntroduction Noise from high performance military aircraft (supersonic jet flow exhaust) can impact the hearing and performance of personnel working near these aircraft and can be a source of annoyance to people living near airbases, airports, and ranges where these air
36、craft are operated. Federal agencies operating airfields are required to analyze the noise impacts by proposed new flying operations as part of the environmental analysis that is required by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). Additionally, overexposure of flight line/flight deck p
37、ersonnel to high levels/durations of noise can adversely affect hearing and negatively impact voice communication capability. Accurate, reliable, and repeatable noise measures from standardized noise measurement techniques will help ensure confidence in the data used in the modeling and prediction o
38、f noise impacts. Accurate, reliable, and repeatable noise measurements are also required to compute noise exposures and associated hearing damage risk of personnel working near these aircraft. Such data are also essential for evaluation of voice communication capabilities. Finally, these measures ar
39、e needed to assess noise produced by aircraft systems. This standard describes several methods for collecting noise data from high performance military aircraft. Each method has a specific application and therefore it would be extremely rare where all the methods were applied simultaneously. The fol
40、lowing table outlines the general methods described in this standard. Normally, individual test methods would be cited in regulations or contract specification. Aircraft performance measurement methods Ground run-up CTOL (Conventional Take-Off and Landing) Personnel near-field CTOL Noise reduction s
41、tudies near-field CTOL Far-field community noise CTOL Far-field propagation/noise reduction studies STO/VL, VTO/VL (Short Take-Off/Vertical Landing), (Vertical Take-Off/Vertical Landing) Personnel near-field Flyover CTOL STO/SL (Short Take-Off/Short Landing) VTO/VL Acoustical Society of America 2012
42、 All rights reserved viii Collecting noise measurements from high performance military aircraft is an undertaking that involves much preparation and responsible decision making. This standard was developed over a series of working group meetings and a workshop that formed consensus defining measurem
43、ent methods that would result in accurate, reliable, and repeatable noise data. The standard addresses several important parameters such as microphone height and location, acoustic instrumentation, measurement site specifications, weather measurement and weather limits, data analysis, standard data
44、formatting and organization, and data reporting. The methods described in this standard are more extensive than measurement techniques previously used for collecting noise measurements from high performance military jet aircraft. Limitations in instrumentation, test location, weather, cost, and sche
45、dule may drive decisions for non-compliance with portions of this standard. However, the methods described in this standard are necessary to fully characterize and quantify the noise produced by high performance military aircraft. The methods in this standard use arrays of microphones to characteriz
46、e both the level and directivity of noise generated by the aircraft. Many aircraft noise emission measurements will typically utilize only one or two of the specific measurement methods/microphone arrays described in this standard. Microphone height and location are two of the parameters which vary
47、based on the objectives for the measurement and the selected measurement method. For example, in the method for measuring near-field noise for the assessment of personnel noise exposure, microphone heights of 3 and 5 feet above ground level are selected to represent a human kneeling or standing arou
48、nd the aircraft while for near-field noise reduction measurements ground microphones are selected to give spectral information without the interference from ground reflections. Similarly, microphone locations and number vary with the different methods. For example, in the method for measuring near-f
49、ield noise for defining personnel noise, microphone locations are defined at 30 feet and 42 feet lines parallel with the center of the aircraft (based on “final checker” locations and aircraft carrier “foul line” locations) and two arcs at 50 feet and 125 feet to bound the rest of the near-field locations. Microphone height and locations for flyover noise measurements were defined to give accurate level information with minimal interference from ground reflections and micro-climate effects very near the ground. Methods define micr
