1、 ANSI S12.9-2005/Part 4 (Revision of ANSI S12.9-1996/Part 4) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Environmental Sound Part 4: Noise Assessment and Prediction of Long-term Community Response Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise Standards Secreta
2、riat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 ANSI S12.9-2005/Part 4 5HDIILUPHGE$16,2FWREHUThe American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for inf
3、ormation on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. Acoustical Society of America 2005 ANSI S12.9-2005/Par
4、t 4 (Revision of ANSI S12.9-1996/Part 4) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD QUANTITIES AND PROCEDURES FOR DESCRIPTION AND MEASUREMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND PART 4: NOISE ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION OF LONG-TERM COMMUNITY RESPONSE Secretariat:Acoustical Society of America Approved by: American National Standa
5、rds Institute, Inc. Abstract This Standard specifies methods to assess environmental sounds and to predict the annoyance response of communities to long-term noise from any and all types of environmental sounds produced by one or more distinct or distributed sound sources. The sound sources may be s
6、eparate or in various combinations. Application of the method of the Standard is limited to areas where people reside and related long-term land uses. This Standard does not address the effects of intrusive sound on people in areas of short-term use such as parks and wilderness areas, nor does it ad
7、dress other effects of noise such as sleep disturbance or health effects. This Standard does not provide a method to predict the community response to short-term, infrequent, non-repetitive sources of sound. Acoustical Society of America 2005 All rights reserved AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUST
8、ICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trad
9、e associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute. These standar
10、ds are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the accredited Standards Committees operating in accordance with procedures approved by American National Standards Institute (
11、ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted
12、 by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is
13、established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections
14、 be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or u
15、sing products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standa
16、rd. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2005 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, p
17、romotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. Acoustical Society of Ameri
18、ca 2005 All rights reserved iContents 1 Scope. 1 2 Normative references. 2 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Descriptors for environmental sounds . 4 4.1 Single-event sounds 4 4.2 Continuous sounds . 4 4.3 Repetitive single-event sounds. 5 5 Sound measurement locations 5 6 Adjustments for background soun
19、d . 5 6.1 General . 5 6.2 Specific requirements 5 7 Method to assess environmental sounds either singly or in combination . 6 7.1 General environmental sounds. 6 7.2 Adjustments to general environmental sound. 8 8 Reporting assessments of environmental sounds and prediction of long-term community an
20、noyance response . 12 8.1 Use of A-weighted sound exposure and day-night average sound level 12 8.2 Assessment of environmental sounds 12 8.3 Prediction of long-term annoyance response of communities 12 8.4 Reporting. 12 Annex A Adjustments for background sound .14 A.1 Introduction . 14 A.2 Mathemat
21、ical development . 15 A.3 Background sound adjustment situations . 16 Annex B High-energy impulsive sounds. 18 B.1 Introduction . 18 B.2 Fundamental descriptor 18 B.3 Measurement 18 B.4 Calculation of adjusted sound exposure level for high-energy impulsive sounds from C-weighted sound exposure level
22、 . 18 B.5 Calculation of adjusted sound exposure level from C-weighted sound exposure level 18 B.6 Calculation of adjusted sound exposure level from C-weighted sound exposure 19 B.7 Use of adjusted sound exposure 19 Annex C Sounds with tonal content . 20 Annex D Sounds with strong low-frequency cont
23、ent 21 D.1 Introduction . 21 D.2 Analysis factors. 21 D.3 Applicability . 21 Acoustical Society of America 2005 All rights reserved ii D.4 Descriptor 22 D.5 Adjusted sound exposures for sounds with strong low-frequency content. 22 D.6 Use of adjusted sound exposure 23 D.7 Noise-induced rattles 23 An
24、nex E Onset rate for airplane flybys. 24 Annex F Estimated percentage of a population highly annoyed as a function of adjusted day-night sound level 25 F.1 Introduction . 25 F.2 The Dose-response function. 25 F.3 Qualifications to the dose-response function 26 Annex G Assessing the complaint potenti
25、al of high-amplitude impulse noise. 29 G.1 Introduction . 29 G.2 Complaint criteria 29 G.3 Complaint risk prediction. 29 Annex H Loudness-level weighting 31 H.1 Introduction . 31 H.2 The method. 31 Bibliography. 35 Figures Figure F.1 Percentage of respondents highly annoyed by road traffic sounds, a
26、s a function of the A-weighted day-night level. 26 Figure H.1 Equal loudness level contours in phons from ISO 226-1987. The non-shaded area shows the frequency range where, approximately, a 10-dB change in sound pressure level corresponds to a 10-dB change in phon level. At low frequencies this rela
27、tionship does not occur. For example, at 31 Hz, a 10-dB change in sound pressure level corresponds to about a 20-dB change in phon level. . 33 Figure H.2 Generalized house TL for windows open on the order of 5 cm 33 Tables Table 1 Relation between sound exposure level and sound exposure for a consta
28、nt sound level of 60 dB. . 8 Table 2 Adjustment factors and level adjustments for assessment of all types of environmental sounds 11 Table F.1 Annual-average adjusted A-weighted day-night sound levels and corresponding total adjusted day-night sound exposures and percentages of a population highly a
29、nnoyed . 28 Table G.1 Complaint Risk Criteria 30 Table H.1 Coefficients for calculation loudness level from band sound pressure level. The table also includes the house filter characteristics shown in Figure H.2. . 34 Acoustical Society of America 2005 All rights reserved iiiForeword This Foreword i
30、s for information only, and is not a part of the American National Standard ANSI S12.9 - 2005/Part 4 American National Standard Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Environmental Sound - Part 4: Noise Assessment and Prediction of Long-Term Community Response. This standard co
31、mprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in noise. It was developed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee S12 Noise, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The
32、 Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S12 is as follows: Standards, specifications, and terminology in the field of acoustical noise pertaining to methods of measurement, evaluation, and control; including biological safety, tolerance, and comfort, and physical acoustics as related to environment
33、al and occupational noise. This standard is a revision of ANSI S12.9-1996/Part 4, which has been technically revised. The changes in this edition harmonize with the new material added to ISO 1996-1:2003. This includes a minor change to high-energy impulse noise assessment (less than 1 dB) so that it
34、 is totally in sync with ISO. Second, as appropriate, ISO assessment adjustments have been included. Also, some new cautionary notes from ISO are added to the estimation of “highly annoyed“ as notes to the informative annex. A new Annex G addresses complaints in the limited situation of high-energy
35、impulsive noise. The current edition of ISO 1996-1:2003 actually began as the text of ANSI S12.9 - 1996/Part 4. However, the ISO standard was substantially revised during the WG and committee deliberations. For example, ISO recognizes the more general Day-Evening-Night Sound Level in contrast to S12
36、s Day-Night Sound Level. Nighttime hours are not given in ISO because they vary from country to country. The terms “background“ sound and “ambient“ sound are NOT used in ISO because they have diametrically opposed meanings in different countries and regions. There are many other differences of this
37、nature. ISO uses “rating“ sound level; ANSI uses “adjusted“ sound level, etc. At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise for approval, the membership was as follows: R.D. Hellweg, Chair R.D. Godfrey, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary Acoustical Society of A
38、mericaB.M. Brooks P.D. Schomer (Alt.) Aearo Company.E.H. Berger Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration InstituteR. Seel . D. Brown (Alt.) Alcoa Inc. .W.D. Gallagher Acoustical Society of America 2005 All rights reserved iv American Industrial Hygiene Association. D. Driscoll J. Banach (Alt.) American Sp
39、eech-Hearing-Language Association .L.A. Wilber . V. Gladstone (Alt.) American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning R.J. Peppin E. Rosenberg (Alt.) Bruel FAX: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org Acoustical Society of America 2005 All rights reserved vi Introduction 0.1 Part 1 of A
40、NSI S12.9 defines day-night average sound level and other descriptors of community noise. Part 2 of ANSI S12.9 describes measurement procedures. ANSI S12.9/Part 5 provides a recommended relation between long-term usages of land and day-night average sound level for purposes of long-term land-use pla
41、nning. Since the early 1970s, many agencies within the United States of America have used day-night average sound level as the fundamental descriptor to predict the community response to environmental sounds. 0.2 The 1978 seminal paper by T.J. Schultz demonstrated the efficacy of day-night average s
42、ound level for predicting the annoyance response of a community as a result of noise from highway traffic, railroad, aircraft, and some industrial sites. Implementation of the concept of day-night average sound level for prediction of community response often combined the sound exposures from such s
43、ources. 0.3 Day-night average sound level has been used to predict the annoyance response of communities to types of noises that were not included in the Schultz database for the relation between the percentage of a population expressing high annoyance and the corresponding day-night average sound l
44、evel. These additional types of noises include sounds with special characteristics, such as impulsiveness, dominant pure tones, rapid onset, and strong low-frequency content. 0.4 Technical reports and articles published in refereed engineering and scientific journals demonstrated that the community
45、response to these sounds may be predicted, provided suitable adjustments are applied. A practical procedure to apply these adjustments is provided by this Standard. 0.5 For situations where activity interference is the major concern, use of adjusted day-night average sound level or adjusted total da
46、y-night sound exposure may not be appropriate. For example, day-night average sound level without adjustments may be a better predictor of speech interference than adjusted day-night average sound level. Descriptors such as maximum A-weighted sound level, time-above, or speech interference level may
47、 be even more appropriate for predicting speech interference. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI S12.9-2005/Part 4 Acoustical Society of America 2005 All rights reserved 1American National Standard QUANTITIES AND PROCEDURES FOR DESCRIPTION AND MEASUREMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND PART 4: NOISE ASSESSMENT
48、 AND PREDICTION OF LONG-TERM COMMUNITY RESPONSE 1 Scope 1.1 This Standard specifies methods to assess environmental sounds and to predict the potential annoyance response of a community to outdoor long-term noise from any and all types of environmental sounds from one or more discrete or distributed
49、 sound sources. The sound sources may be separate or in various combinations. Application of the prediction method is limited to areas where people reside and to related long-term land uses. NOTE The long-term period is typically one year. However, the user of this Standard can employ these methods for shorter periods of time, but they should report this change and not attempt to predict percent highly annoyed using Clause 8.3 or Annex F, since the Annex F data all represent long
