1、 ANSI/ASAE S422.1 DEC2015 Mapping Symbols and Nomenclature for Erosion and Sediment Control Plans for Land Disturbing Activities American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement of eng
2、ineering applicable to agricultural, food, and biological systems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultural field equipment, f
3、armstead equipment, structures, soil and water resource management, turf and landscape equipment, forest engineering, food and process engineering, electric power applications, plant and animal environment, and waste management. NOTE: ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data are informationa
4、l and advisory only. Their use by anyone engaged in industry or trade is entirely voluntary. The ASABE assumes no responsibility for results attributable to the application of ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data. Conformity does not ensure compliance with applicable ordinances, laws and
5、 regulations. Prospective users are responsible for protecting themselves against liability for infringement of patents. ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data initially approved prior to the society name change in July of 2005 are designated as “ASAE“, regardless of the revision approval
6、date. Newly developed Standards, Engineering Practices and Data approved after July of 2005 are designated as “ASABE“. Standards designated as “ANSI“ are American National Standards as are all ISO adoptions published by ASABE. Adoption as an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI t
7、hat the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by ASABE. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement m
8、eans much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. CAUTION NOTICE: ASABE and ANSI standards may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Additionally, procedure
9、s of ASABE require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw each standard. Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. All rights reserved. ASABE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Ml 49085-9659, USA, phone 269-429-0300, fax 269-429-3852, hqasabe.org ANS
10、I/ASAE S422.1 DEC2015 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 1 ANSI/ASAE S422.1 DEC2015 Revision approved December 2015 as an American National Standard Mapping Symbols and Nomenclature for Erosion and Sediment Control Plans for Land Disturbing Activities Developed by th
11、e ASAE Pollution by Sediment Committee; approved by the Soil and Water Division Standards Committee; adopted by ASAE September 1993; approved as an American National Standard March 1995; reaffirmed December 1998; reaffirmed by ASAE December 1999; reaffirmed by ANSI June 2000; reaffirmed by ASAE Dece
12、mber 2001, February 2005; reaffirmed by ANSI March 2005; reaffirmed by ASABE October 2009; reaffirmed by ANSI December 2009; reaffirmation extended two years November 2014; revised and approved by ANSI December 2015. Keywords: Erosion, Sediment, Symbols 1 Purpose and Scope 1.1 The purpose of this St
13、andard is to establish a list of standard descriptive elements for use in erosion- and sediment-control plan development. These elements consist of mapping symbols, keys, modifiers, and corresponding nomenclature. By improving consistency across plans, this Standard should facilitate the use and rev
14、iew of such plans by contractors and other professionals. 1.2 This Standard will not restrict creation of additional descriptive elements as required for practices not included here. 1.3 This Standard does not imply that these practices are suitable for erosion or sediment control in any or all appl
15、ications. The descriptive elements are intended only to facilitate communications. 1.4 All descriptive elements must be legible. The sizes of the elements are at the discretion of the user. 1.5 Information within this Standard is not intended to be used in lieu of other construction information and
16、details. Symbols should be used to indicate spatial placement of a practice (as presently done). A legend should always be used in conjunction with the symbols. Keys may be used in documents, as a textual alternative to the mapping symbol. Modifiers may be used on both symbols and keys to clarify th
17、eir intended mitigating functions for each usage. 2 General 2.1 Overview. Each erosion and sediment control activity is defined in Section 3 and then associated with a key, a symbol, and a list of modifiers in Section 4. On erosion and sediment control plans, practices may be represented by a combin
18、ation of keys, symbols, and modifiers. Erosion and sediment control practices may be continuous linear treatments, point treatments, or area treatments. The use of both keys and/or symbols is intended to provide the user the greatest degree of flexibility in representing the practices on constructio
19、n plan maps. 2.2 Keys. Keys are represented as alphabetic abbreviations of each practice, enclosed in a circle, and may be useful where the practice is a more general area-treatment, such as temporary seeding. 2.3 Symbols. Symbols are graphic representations of the practice that may be more useful i
20、n representing linear erosion and sediment control practices, such as silt fences. ANSI/ASAE S422.1 DEC2015 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 2 2.4 Modifiers. Modifiers are a series of seven erosion and sediment control categories, denoted by an alphabetic subscript
21、 to the key, to allow the planner to fully communicate the intended purpose of each practice. For example, the modified key for rip-rap used for slope protection would be RRB. The categories that normally apply to each practice are noted in the table in Section 4. The categories are: A. Perimeter co
22、ntrol. Perimeter controls are the last protection before sediment enters the roadway, storm drains, or adjacent properties. B. Slope protection. Slopes must be protected from erosion by safely conveying runoff from the tops of slopes to the bottom or outlet device. Of primary importance is re-establ
23、ishing vegetation to control erosion. C. Sedimentation. Practices that encourage deposition of entrained sediment. D. Sediment filtration. Practices that filter sediment from stormwater runoff. E. Drainageway and stream protection. Practices that prevent damage to channels from increased runoff duri
24、ng construction, stabilize banks, and protect in-stream habitat. F. Temporary stabilization. Erosion control practices that are intended to degrade over time after vegetation is established. G. Permanent stabilization. Erosion control practices that are intended to remain in place and functioning ov
25、er some specified design life. 2.5 Drawing legend. The drawing legend shall identify all symbols used and provide necessary information in a concise manner. 3 Nomenclature (Definitions) 3.1 Site preparation (Erosion control) 3.1.1 land grading: Shaping the land surface to predetermined grades so all
26、 surfaces slope to a drainage 3.1.2 surface roughening: Roughening a bare soil surface with horizontal grooves running across the slope, stair stepping, or tracking with treads of construction equipment 3.1.3 topsoiling: Preserving and using topsoil to provide good soil for vegetation 3.1.4 tree pre
27、servation and protection: Practices to protect desirable trees from damage during project development 3.1.5 temporary gravel construction entrance/exit: A graveled area or pad located to stabilize points where vehicles enter or leave a construction site 3.1.6 construction-road stabilization: Stabili
28、zation of temporary construction access routes, onsite vehicle transportation routes, and construction parking areas 3.1.7 dust control: Control of dust resulting from construction activities and/or wind on unstable land areas 3.2 Surface stabilization (Erosion control) 3.2.1 temporary seeding: Plan
29、ting rapid-growing annual grasses, small grains, or legumes to provide temporary cover on disturbed areas 3.2.2 permanent seeding: Providing permanent cover on disturbed areas by establishing perennial vegetation 3.2.3 sodding: Planting continuous strips of sod to stabilize critical areas 3.2.4 vege
30、tative stabilization (ground cover): Permanently stabilizing disturbed areas by establishing a vegetative cover of trees, shrubs, vines, or other ground covers ANSI/ASAE S422.1 DEC2015 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 3 3.2.5 mulching: Applying a protective blanket
31、 of straw, other plant residue, gravel, synthetic fabric, or other material to the soil surface to protect it from erosion 3.2.6 riprap: A layer of stone designed to protect and stabilize areas subject to erosion 3.2.7 vegetative dune stabilization: Use of adapted vegetation to stabilize dunes 3.2.8
32、 soil stabilization blanket or matting: Temporary erosion control blankets and permanent turf reinforcement matting known generally as rolled erosion control products, are single or multiple layer sheets composed of natural or synthetic material that are woven, sewn, bonded, or otherwise manufacture
33、d for placement on bare soil slopes or flow channels. These have been described as temporary, degradable products composed of processed natural or polymer fibers mechanically, structurally, or chemically bound together to form a continuous matrix to provide erosion control and facilitate vegetation
34、establishment. 3.2.9 polyacrylamide (PAM): Land application or stormwater application of products containing anionic polyacrylamide (PAM), a chemical agent that binds soil particles together, which reduces erosion in the field and promotes coagulation and rapid settling in sedimentation basins 3.2.1
35、0 wind fence (sand fence): Vertical barrier made of closely spaced wooden slats or porous fabric erected perpendicular to the prevailing wind and used to capture blowing sand or other wind-borne particles 3.3 Runoff control (Erosion control) 3.3.1 temporary diversion: Temporary channel or dam constr
36、ucted across a slope to intercept surface runoff and divert it to a safe or convenient discharge point 3.3.2 permanent diversion: Permanent channel or dam constructed across a slope to intercept surface runoff and divert it to a safe or convenient discharge point 3.3.3 diversion dike (perimeter prot
37、ection): Channel or dam constructed along the perimeter of a disturbed construction area to intercept surface runoff and divert it to a safe or convenient discharge point 3.3.4 right-of-way diversion (water bar): Predesigned system of ridges or ridges and channels constructed diagonally across a slo
38、ping road or utility right-of-way that is subject to erosion 3.4 Runoff conveyance (Sediment control) 3.4.1 grass-lined channel: Channel with vegetative lining constructed to design cross section and grade for conveyance of runoff 3.4.2 riprap-lined channel: Channel with erosion-resistant lining of
39、properly sized riprap for conveyance and safe disposal of excess runoff 3.4.3 paved channel: Channel with erosion-resistant lining of structural material for conveyance and safe disposal of excess runoff 3.4.4 temporary slope drain: Temporary flexible tubing or conduit extending from top to bottom o
40、f a cut or fill area to safely convey accumulated runoff down the slope 3.4.5 paved flume (chute): Small concrete-lined channel to safely convey water down a relatively steep slope 3.4.6 subsurface drain: Subsurface conduit used primarily to remove subsurface water from soil 3.5 Outlet protection (E
41、rosion control) 3.5.1 level spreader: Level outlet designed to disperse concentrated runoff uniformly across a nonerosive vegetated slope ANSI/ASAE S422.1 DEC2015 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 4 3.5.2 outlet stabilization structure: Structure designed to reduce
42、energy and control erosion at the outlet of a channel or conduit 3.6 Inlet protection (Sediment control) 3.6.1 excavated drop inlet protection (temporary): Excavated area in the approach to a storm drain drop inlet positioned to capture sediment before runoff enters drain 3.6.2 fabric drop inlet pro
43、tection (temporary): Temporary fabric barrier placed around a drop inlet to capture sediment before runoff enters drain 3.6.3 block and gravel inlet protection (temporary): Temporary barrier of standard concrete block and gravel formed around a storm drain inlet to capture sediment before runoff ent
44、ers drain 3.6.4 sod drop inlet protection: Permanent grass sod placed around a storm drain drop inlet located in a stabilized, seeded area to prevent erosion at the inlet 3.6.5 curb inlet sediment barrier: Temporary dike or barrier constructed from concrete block, gravel, gravel-filled fiber bags, f
45、ilter fabric, or other material 3.6.6 geotextile bag or tube: Geotextile bags or tubes filled with sand are used to capture and retain sediment on slopes and around drain inlets. They can also be used to capture sediment and reduce water velocity in unlined and lined channels and on paved streets 3.
46、7 Sedimentation (Sediment control) 3.7.1 silt fence (sediment fence): Temporary sediment barrier consisting of filter fabric buried at the bottom, stretched, and supported by posts 3.7.2 brush, rock or other sediment barrier: Brush, rock, or other commercial barrier used as a temporary sediment barr
47、ier instead of a silt fence 3.7.3 temporary sediment trap: Temporary ponding basin used to capture sediment and formed by an embankment and/or excavation 3.7.4 sediment basin: A pond at the upper end of a conveyance or reservoir for detaining particle-laden water for a sufficient length of time for
48、deposition to occur 3.7.5 rock check dam: A designed rock embankment located to capture sediment onsite. This small barrier is constructed in a gully or other small watercourse to decrease flow velocity, minimize channel scour, and promote deposition of sediment 3.7.6 wattle: Straw or other fiber wr
49、apped in tubular plastic netting used to capture and retain sediment on slopes; also known as a sediment control log 3.8 Sediment filtration (Sediment control) 3.8.1 straw bale barrier: A temporary sediment barrier consisting of straw bales. Note: For construction purposes, many states no longer recognize straw bales as an effective sediment control measure. 3.8.2 dewatering device: Device to separate water from sediment before the water is discharged from a site 3.8.3 turbidity curtain: Floating geotextile barrier which minimizes sediment transport
