1、Standard Practice forInspection andMaintenance ofCommercial BuildingHVAC SystemsANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 180-2012(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 180-2008)See Informative Appendix D for approval dates by the ASHRAE Standards Committee, the ASHRAE Board of Directors, Air Con-ditioning Contracto
2、rs of America, and American National Standards Institute.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number is the year ofASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE Web site(www.as
3、hrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail:ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US andCanada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2012 ASHRAE a
4、nd ACCA ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE.Consensus is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved thisstandard as an AN
5、S, as “substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrenceof more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aneffort be made toward their resolution
6、.” Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Proje
7、ct Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made
8、 to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees.The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permissio
9、n to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any
10、products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are e
11、stablished to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes,bysuggestingsafepracticesindesigningandinstallingequipment,byprovidingproperdefinitionsofthisequipment,andbyprovidingother information that may serve to guide the industry.The creation of ASHRAE S
12、tandards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE S
13、TANDARDS COMMITTEE 20112012Carol E. Marriott, Chair Krishnan Gowri Janice C. PetersonKenneth W. Cooper, Vice-Chair Maureen Grasso Douglas T. ReindlDouglass S. Abramson Cecily M. Grzywacz Boggarm S. SettyKarim Amrane Richard L. Hall James R. TaubyCharles S. Barnaby Rita M. Harrold James K. VallortHoy
14、 R. Bohanon, Jr. Adam W. Hinge William F. WalterSteven F. Bruning Debra H. Kennoy Michael W. WoodfordDavid R. Conover Jay A. Kohler Craig P. WraySteven J. Emmerich Eckhard A. Groll, BOD ExOAllan B. Fraser Ross D. Montgomery, COStephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of StandardsASHRAE Standing Standard Proje
15、ct Committee 180CognizantTCs: Lead CognizantTC 7.3, Operation and Maintenance Management;Co-CognizantTC 2.4, Particulate Air Contaminants and Particulate Contamination Removal Equipment;and Co-CognizantTC 9.8, Large Buildings Air-Conditioning ApplicationsASHRAE Staff Liaison: Mark J. WeberSPLS Liais
16、on (20082011): Allan B. FraserSPLS Liaison (20112012): Rita M. HarroldCharles Eugene Dale-Derks, Chair Jennifer A. Isenbeck Marc NewmanRichard Alan Danks, Chair (20102011) S. Louis Kelter Stephen W. NicholasRobert G. Baker, Chair (20082010) Carl N. Lawson Thomas L. PaxsonMark M. Anderson Angela M. L
17、ewis Robert J. RothRobert E. Axelrod David W. Linville Boggarm S. SettyWilliam Michael Dillard Michael F. Mamayek Charles J. SeyfferCecily M. Grzywacz Phil Maybee Elia M. SterlingEllis G. Guiles, Jr. Siroos Mostaghimi Kong Sang TsoGlenn C. Hourahan Thomas J. Yacobellis ASHRAE and ACCA (www.ashrae.or
18、g, www.acca.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 180-2012,Standard Practice for Inspection and Maintenanceof Commercial Building
19、HVAC SystemsSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 33 Definitions. 34 Implementation. 35 Required Inspection and Maintenance Tasks 5Table 5-1 Air Distribution Systems. 6Table 5-2 Air Handlers . 7Table 5-3 Boilers 8Table 5-4 ChillersAbsorption 9Table 5-5 ChillersAir-Cooled. 10Table 5-6 ChillersW
20、ater-Cooled .11Table 5-7 Coils and Radiators 12Table 5-8 Condensing Units. 13Table 5-9 Control Systems. 13Table 5-10 Cooling Towers and Evaporative-Cooled Devices. 14Table 5-11 Dehumidification and Humidification Devices 14Table 5-12 EconomizersAir-Side 15Table 5-13 Engines, Microturbines. 15Table 5
21、-14 Fans (e.g., Exhaust, Supply, Transfer, Return) 16Table 5-15 Fan-Coils, Hot Water, and Steam Unit Heaters . 17Table 5-16 Furnaces, Combustion Unit Heaters 18Table 5-17 HVAC Water Distribution Systems. 19Table 5-18 Indoor Section Duct-Free Splits . 20Table 5-19 Outdoor Air Heat Exchanging Systems
22、21Table 5-20 PTACs/PTHPs (Package Terminal Air Conditioners or Heat Pumps) . 22Table 5-21 Pumps 22Table 5-22 Rooftop Units . 23Table 5-23 Steam Distribution Systems. 24Table 5-24 Terminal and Control Boxes (e.g., VAV, Fan-Powered, Bypass). 24Table 5-25 Water-Source Heat Pumps 25Informative Appendix
23、ASources of Performance Objectives 26Informative Appendix BIdentifying Indicators of Unacceptable Conditions.26Informative Appendix CBibliography.26Informative Appendix DAddenda Description Information 29NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of cha
24、rge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2012 ASHRAE and ACCAASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgACCA2800 Shirlington Road, Ste. 300Arlington, VA 22206www.acca.orgAll rights reserved. ASHRAE and ACCA (www.ashrae.org, www.acca.org). For personal use only. Additi
25、onal reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 180-2012(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conforman
26、ce to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDANSI/ASHR
27、AE/ACCA Standard 180-2012 is the latestedition of Standard 180. The 2012 edition combines Stan-dard 180-2008 and approved and published Addendum a tothe 2008 edition, thereby providing an easy-to-use consoli-dated standard. Specific information on the contents of theaddendum and the approval dates a
28、re included in Informa-tive Appendix D.This 2012 edition was updated using the continuousmaintenance process. A thorough review of the standardunder the continuous maintenance process resulted inimprovements, revisions, and updates to the tables inSection 5. The changes were deemed necessary in orde
29、r toeliminate duplication, add additional tasks, list equipmenttables in alphabetical order for easier reference, and consol-idate similar equipment where appropriate.The 2012 edition will be updated on a five-year cycleusing the periodic maintenance process.Standard 180 was created in a collaborati
30、ve effortbetween ASHRAE and Air Conditioning Contractors ofAmerica (ACCA). Its intent is to address the often inconsis-tent practices for inspecting and maintaining HVAC systemsin commercial, institutional, and other buildings where thepublic may be exposed to the indoor environment. Currentpractice
31、s in such buildings vary widely. Many facilitieschoose to follow rigorous policies that maintain the systemin new or nearly new condition. Others either lack policy inthis area or have adopted a run-to-failure approach, wherethe system or components of the system are attended to onlywhen there is a
32、failure.To provide consistency and improve the thermal com-fort, energy efficiency, and indoor air quality of commercialHVAC systems, a standard practice for their inspection andmaintenance is needed. When there is no routine inspectionand subsequent adjustment or maintenance of system com-ponents,
33、the system is typically found operating outside itsoptimum performance parameters. When systems are notmaintained, they do not continue to provide the level of workthey were designed for.A standard practice is also needed to guide maintenanceof HVAC systems because the maintenance information oftenp
34、rovided by manufacturers applies only to the discrete com-ponents that they provide rather than to the entire system.This document considers the integration of those componentsand the way they interact as well as each component sepa-rately.For the public good, it is essential that the HVAC sys-tems
35、in all buildings where persons work, visit, or reside sup-port a high-quality indoor environment. In addition,sustainability mandates that those conditions be maintainedin as energy efficient a manner as possible.This document describes the minimum acceptable levelof maintenance for commercial build
36、ing HVAC systems.Other standards or guidance documents may establishmore specific or rigorous requirements that apply to cer-tain buildings. Where applicable, those requirementsshould be followed or considered (if guidelines). This docu-ment is not intended to limit the level of service provided orr
37、ecommendations made by a service provider. Those deliv-ering HVAC maintenance are encouraged to consider andrecommend energy conservation measures or technologyimprovements that would help maintain or increase ther-mal comfort, the energy efficiency of the HVAC system, andindoor air quality.Much of
38、the information that will be required to preparethe maintenance program that is mandated by this standardcan most conveniently be obtained from the building com-missioning (recommissioning or retrocommissioning) docu-ments. Although recommissioning is not a requirement ofthis standard, it should be
39、considered where the commission-ing data is either unavailable or outdated. Additionally,ASHRAE Guideline 4, Preparation of Operating and Mainte-nance Documentation for Building Systems, and ASHRAEGuideline 32, Sustainable, High-Performance Operationsand Maintenance, may be helpful to practitioners
40、seeking todevelop or expand maintenance programs. ASHRAE contin-ues to provide industry reference documents and is in pro-cess of preparing other guidelines on commissioning andtraining. Refer also to this standards InformativeAppendix C, Bibliography, which lists many reference docu-ments by ASHRAE
41、 and other organizations as well as indus-try technical papers and publications. Some of thesedocuments include ideas toward “Best Practices” or “Reli-ability-Centered” or other means and methods above theminimum standard.This standard is written in code-intended language so itmay be referenced or a
42、dopted by enforcement authorities asthe minimum acceptable level of performance within theirjurisdictions.Note: Thisstandardisspecificallyfocusedontheimpactsof maintenance on occupant thermal comfort, energy effi-ciency, and indoor air quality. Additional maintenanceprogram considerations related to
43、 equipment reliability,equipment robustness, and minimizing overall maintenancecosts are also appropriate in order to support sustainabilityefforts, protect the HVAC capital investment, and/or minimizesystem downtime. These considerations, however, are outsidethe scope of this standard.1. PURPOSEThe
44、 purpose of this standard is to establish minimumHVAC inspection and maintenance requirements thatpreserve a systems ability to achieve acceptable thermalcomfort, energy efficiency, and indoor air quality in commer-cial buildings. ASHRAE and ACCA (www.ashrae.org, www.acca.org). For personal use only
45、. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 180-2012 32. SCOPE2.1 This standard provides minimum requirements for theHVAC system inspection and maintenance practice in new
46、and existing buildings. Where specifically noted in this stan-dard, different requirements apply.2.2 The provisions of this standard do not apply to:2.2.1 Single-family houses or multi-family structures ofthree or fewer stories above grade.2.2.2 HVAC equipment and portions of building systemsthat pr
47、imarily provide for industrial, manufacturing, or com-mercial processes.2.2.3 Other building HVAC systems or elements of build-ing HVAC systems that this standard specifically identifies.2.3 This standard shall not be used to circumvent any safety,health, or environmental requirements.3. DEFINITIONS
48、Many of the terms used in this standard practice aredefined in ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning,andRefrigeration.Additionaltermsusedinthisstandard are defined below.basis of design: a guidance document that stipulates or liststhedesiredorintendedfunctionandperformanceofth
49、eHVACsystem. It lists the needs, requirements, flexibility, efficiency,limits, performance, desired condition, etc., of the spaceserved by the HVAC systems, and it is intended to communi-cate this information from the HVAC system designer to theHVAC systems owner to the operator or to subsequent ownersand operators.building management system (BMS):anenergymanagementsystem relating to the overall operation of the building inwhich it is installed. It often has additional capabilities, suchas equipment monitoring, protection of equipment againstpower failure, and
