1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD KNURLING ANSVASME B94.6-1984 (REVISION OF ANSI 894.6-1981) REAFFIRMED 1995 FOR CURRENT COMMllTEE PERSONNEL PLEASE SEE ASME MANUAL AS-11 SPONSORED AND PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS United Engineering Center 345 East 47th Street New York, N. Y.
2、 1 001 7 ANSI/ASME 694.6-1984 28 November 1984 SUPERSEDING 2 April 1982 ANSI 694.6-1981 ACCEPTANCE NOTICE The above non-government standardization document was adopted 28 November 1984 and is approved for use by the DoD. The indicated industry group has furnished the clearaczes required by existing
3、regulations. Copies of the document are stocked by DoD Single StockPoint, Naval Publications and Forms Center, Philadelphia, PA 19120, for issue DoD activities only. Contractors and industry groups may obtain copies directly from: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers 345 East 47th Street New
4、 York, NY 10017 or The American National Standards Institute 1430 Broadway New York, NY 10018 Title of Document: Knur1in:g Document No.:ANSI/ASME B94.6-1984 Date of Specific Issue Adopted: 28 November 1984 Releasing Industry Group: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers NOTICE: When reaffirmat
5、ion, amendment, revision or cancellation of this standard is initially proposed, the industry group re- sponsible for this standard shall inform the military coordinating activity of the proposed change and request participation. Custodians: Army - AR; N;tvy - OS; Air Force - 16 Military Coordinatin
6、g Activity: Army - AR Review Activities: Army - AV, AT, EA Navy - AS, SH, MC; DLA - IS (Project Number: DRPR-0265) User Interest: Army - ME; Navy - YD AREA DRPR Date of Issuance: May 15, 1985 This Standard wiil be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There will be no adde
7、nda or written interpretations of the requirements of this Standard issued to thk Edition. This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the crlteria for American National Standards. The Consensus Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that i
8、ndividuals from competent and concerned interests have had an oppor- tunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry. academia, reg- ulatory agencies, and the public-at-large
9、. ASME does not “approve,“ “rate,“ or “endorse“ any item, constructlon, proprietary device, or activity. ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connec:tion with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utiliz
10、ing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own respon
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12、d policles which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual vol- unteers. No part of thts document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the priorwrittcn permission of the publisher. Copyright !c) 1985 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL
13、 ENGINEERS All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A. FOREWORD (This Foreword is not part of ANSI/ASME 894.6-1984.) It has been commonly appreciated that in the production of knurling there were some diffi- cult problems, and it appeared that a solution to many of them could probably be found in de- velo
14、ping a knurling tool based on a diametral pitch system, as distinguished from the customary circumferential pitch formulas in use. A diametral pitch system was first given consideration by the Company Member Conference of the American Standards Association. At its meeting of March 20, 1947, the Conf
15、erence mted to establish a fact-finding Conference Subcommittee to consider the problems involved in knurling and the need for standardization in the field of knurling practice. On November IO, 1947, the Conference Subcommittee presented a report (CMC 50) and concluded that a Technical Committee sho
16、uld give consideration to improving knurling. At its meeting of December 2, 1948, the B5 Sectional Committee reported that the Mechani- cal Standards Committee of the ASA had requested that consideration be given to the establish- ment of a project on knurling. This request was approved at that time
17、, and B5 Technical Com- mittee 27 was thereupon organized in June 1949. TC27 held its first meeting in New York City on November 3, 1949. A proposed standard was prepared by TC27, and in September 1952 it was distributed to industry for review and comments. TC27 prepared a new draft, dated March 195
18、3, taking into consideration the comments and suggestions received from the industry review. The proposed standard was approved by the Sectional Committee, the sponsor, and finally by ASA on Octo- ber 15, 1953. It was designated ASA B5.30-1953. A revision of the standard was approved by ASA on Augus
19、t 18, 1958, and it was published as ASA B5.30-1958. In November 1961, the ASA Mechanical Standards Board approved the request of the BS Sectional Committee sponsors that a separate project be initiated under ASA Procedure on the topic of cutting tools. As a result of this action, a new project was i
20、nitiated, and ASME ac- cepted sponsorship. The Committee was designated B94 Cutting Tools, and the activity on cut- ting tools was removed from the B5 Sectional Committee. The designation numbers of the tech- nical committees were changed to conform with the new sectional committee organization. 85
21、Technical Committee 27 was changed to B94 Technical Committee 11. As required by ASA procedure, the Committee reviewed the proposal and approved some changes in the recommended tolerance on work blank diameter before knurling, as shown in Table 3. Other changes, of an editorial nature, were made to
22、bring the standard into confor- mance with the B94 format. The present edition of this Standard was approved as an American National Standard on November 28, 1984. iii Intentionally left blank ASME STANDARDS COMMITTEE B94 Cutting Tools, Holders, Drivers, and Bushings (The following is the roster of
23、the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.) OFFICERS E. J. Czopor, Chairman W. R. Daisak, Secretary COMMITTEE PERSONNEL AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, THE M. E. Merchant, Dr., Metcut Research Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio C. F. Wilson,AIrernare, General Electric Co., Wor
24、thington, Ohio CUTTING TOOL MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA E. J. Czopor, Falcon Tool Co., Warren, Michigan C. W. Jatho,A/rernare, Cutting Tool Manufacturers Association, Birmingham, Michigan GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION W. R. Wacker, General Services Administration, Washington. D.C HACK AND BAND SAW MA
25、NUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA R. D. C. Schrade, Clemson Brothers Inc., Middletown. New York C. M. Stockinger, Alfernare, Hack and Band Saw Manufacturers Association of America, Cleveland, Ohio METAL CUTTING TOOL INSTITUTE W. A. Wagner, Cleveland Twist Drill Co., Cleveland, Ohio J. G. Thimmig,A/
26、rernare, Metal Cutting Tool Institute, Cleveland, Ohio NATIONAL MACHINE TOOL BUILDERS ASSOCIATION J. J. Robinson, The Valeron Corp., Madison Heights, Michigan A. M. Bratkovich, Alternate, National Machine Tool Builders Association, McLean, Virginia SOCIETY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERS G. L. Spencer, F
27、ord Motor Co., Detroit, Michigan UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY D. L. York, Liaison, U.S. Army Armament, Rock Island, Illinois INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS A. Ashburn. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, New York H. Cooper, Water Technology Inc., Troy, Michigan R. T. Koblesky, lngersoll Cutting Tool co., Rockf
28、ord, Illinois L. Storrer. Mohawk Tools, Inc., Montpelier, Ohio V TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 11 ON KNURLING (3. L. Johnson, Chairman, IBM Corp., Endicott, New York C. 1. Appleton, Pratt I PJ, may be right hand or left hand, $ Right-hand helix angle shown ondie produces left-hand helix on work. 1 45 deg. bev
29、el to depth of teeth optional Reciprocating knurling die /I Duplex face knurling die 1 E=- Single face knuriing die FIG. 6 TYPICAL FLAT RECIPROCATING KNURLING DIES - DIAGONAL TEETH I IyI ,m 1; $ I Helix angle of knurling die may be right hand or left hand. Left-hand helix angle shown on die produces
30、 right-hand helix on work. - 45 deg. bevel to depth of teeth optional A Stationary knurling die i FIG. 7 TYPICAL FLAT STATIONARY KNURLING DIES - DIAGONAL TEETH 4 KNURLING ANSVASME 894.61984 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 0, = work blank (pitch) diameter = N,/P N, = number of teeth of work =PX Dw P =
31、diametral pitch = NWIDw P/ = linear pitch on flat die = circular pitch on work pitch diameter, P - 0 0 = tracking correction factor applied to linear pitch on die Note (111 R = radius at root h = tooth depth NOTE: (1) For description and specifications for tracking correction factor, see Section 7.
32、FIG. 8 FLAT KNURLING DIE -STRAIGHT TEETH c 96 DP - Straight knurling c 96 DP - 30 deg. LH knurling 96 DP - Diamond knurling 30 deg. Raised tti- FIG. 9 DRAWING INDICATIONS FOR SPECIFYING KNURLING TABLE 1 PREFERRED SIZES FOR CYLINDRICAL TYPE KNURLS Width Number of Teeth for Standard Diameter Outside -
33、 Nt Hole, Face, Diameter, of of Diametral Pitches, Dn t 100 80 60 40 114 114 518 80 64 48 32 3/16 3/16 112 160P 128P 96P 64P A F 314 140 112 84 56 1 14 318 718 120 96 72 48 114 318 TABLE 1A ADDITIONAL SIZES FOR BENCH AND ENGINE LATHE TOOL HOLDERS1 Nominal D Width Number of Teeth for Standard Outside
34、 . Nt Hole, Face, Diameter, of of Diametral Pitches, Dn t 160P 128P %P 64P A F 518 5/16 160 128 96 64 5/16 318 1 120 96 12 48 114 5/8 314 100 80 60 40 7/32 GENERAL NOTE: For simplification of tools it is recom- mended that preference be given to use of 96P. NOTE: (1) 64P approximates the circular pi
35、tch of 21 tpi, and 96P ap- proximates the circular pitch of 31 tpi. TABLE 2 SPECIFICATIONS FOR FLAT KNURLING DIES Diametral Linear I Tooth Depth, I Radius at Pitch, Pitch P I PI (1) Root, 64 0.0040 0.0060 0.014 0.016 0.0325 96 0.0050 0.0070 0.021 0.024 0.0484 128 0.0045 0.010 0.012 0.0244 0.0030 160
36、 0.0025 0.0040 0.008 0.009 0.0195 NOTE: (1) The linear pitches shown are theoretical. The exact linear pitch produced by a flat knurling die may vary slightly from those shown depending upon the rolling condition and the material being rolled. 5 ANSIIASME 894.6-1984 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD KNU
37、RLING 3.3 Diagonal and Dialmond Knurling An illustration of the terms used in diagonal and dia- mond knurling is shown in Fig. 10. Work blank axis 4 DIMENSIONING To maintain uniform drafting practice, essential di- mensioning should include width, fore and after knurling, selected pitch, and style o
38、f knurling. outside diameter be- tolerance, diametral N, = number of teeth produced on work blank (as mea- D, = diameter of work blank sured in the transverse plane) P = diametral pitch on tool PJ, = diametral pitch produced on work blank (as measured 5 MARKING ON KNURLS AND DIES in the transverse p
39、lane1 by setting tool axis at an angle $ with respect to work blank axis Each knurl and die! should be marked as follows: IJJ = angle between tool axis and work axis (a) when straight, to indicate its diametral pitch; (h) when diagonaJ, to indicate its diametral pitch, FIG. IO DIAGONAL AND DIAMOND K
40、NURLING helix angle, and hand of the angle. 6 RECOMMENDED TOLERANCE ON KNURLED OUTSIDE DIAMEITERS Three classes of tolerances are show11 in Table 3. These classes and recommended applications are as follows. (a) Class I Tolerances. This classification may be applied to straight, diagonal, and raised
41、 diamond knurl- ing where the knurled outside diameter of the work need not be held to close dimensional tolerances. Such applications include knurling for decorative effect, grip on thumbscrews, anti inserts for moldings and castings. (b) Class 11 Tolerances. This classification may be applied to s
42、traight knurling only and is recommended for applications requiring closer dimensional control of the knurled outside diameter than provided by Class I tolerances. (c) Class III Tolerances. This classification may be ap- plied to straight knlurling only and is recommended for applications requiring
43、closest possible dimensional con- trol of the knurled outside diameter. Such applications include knurling for close fits. 7 THE TRACKING CORRECTION FACTOR 0 /64 or l/32 in., depending on the pitch selected. To accomplish this, the work surface must be evenly marked during the first revolution of th
44、e work, which requires pitch circles to roll without relative slippage. Therefore, extent. of penetration of the work by the knurl during the first revolution must be considered. Be- cause of the many variables involved in knurling prac- tice, such as cam contours, hardness of the material, elastici
45、ty of machine tools and tool holders, etc., the method of determining the required correction is neces- sarily empirical. Accordingly, the tracking correction factor Q has been incorporated in knurl specifications, shown in Table 4, on the basis of experimental work and experi- ence, and has provide
46、d good tracking for general knurl- ing conditions. 8 DIAGONAL AND DIAMOND KNURLING WITH STRAIGHT TOOTH KNURLING TOOLS Diagonal knurling on work blank may be accom- plished by setting the axis of the knurling tool at an Use of the preferred pitches for cylindrical knurls. angle to the work axis (see
47、Fig. 10). shown in Table 4, results in good tracking on all frac- tional work blank diameters which are multiples of Diamond knurling can be produced by the use of two straight knurls when their axes are swivelled from the work blank axis in The width of the knurling should not exceed the diameter o
48、f accordance with the above formulas. In using straight knurls to produce diagonal and diamond the blank, and knurling wider than the knurling tool cannot be knurling, the transverse diamet:al pitch and number of teeth on produced unless the knurl starts at the end of the work. the work will not be
49、the same as that of the tool. 6 KNURLING For example, if 30 deg. diagonal knurling were to be produced on 1 in. stock with a 16OP straight knurl: N, = D,P cos 9 = 1.000 X 160 X 0.86603 = 138.56 Good tracking is theoretically possible by changing the helix angle as follows: J/ =cos- (D%) = cos-1 (X) 1 X 160 = cos- (0.8625) = 30h deg. approx. Whenever it is more practical to machine the stock, good tracking can be obtained by reducing the work blank diameter as follows: ANSI/ASME 094.61984 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD D,=- NW - 138 = 0.996 in. P cos J/ 160 X
