1、Designation: E1729 16Standard Practice forField Collection of Dried Paint Samples for SubsequentLead Determination1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1729; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the collection of samples of driedpaint and other coatings from buildings.1.2 This practice is
3、 used to collect samples for subsequentdetermination of lead on an area basis (milligrams of lead perarea sampled) or concentration basis (milligrams of lead pergram of dried paint collected or mass percent of lead in thepaint sample collected).1.3 This practice does not address the sampling designc
4、riteria (that is, sampling plan that includes the number andlocation of samples) that are used for risk assessment and otherlead hazard activities.1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and arenot part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.1.5 The values stated in SI units ar
5、e to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and healt
6、h practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific warningstatement is given in 7.4.1.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody ProceduresD7659 Guide for Strategies for Surface Sampling of Metalsand Metalloids fo
7、r Worker ProtectionE1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in BuildingsE1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-tively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec-trometry (GFAAS) TechniquesE2051
8、Practice for the Determination of Lead in Paint,Settled Dust, Soil and Air Particulate by Field-PortableElectroanalysis (Withdrawn 2010)3E2239 Practice for Record Keeping and Record Preservationfor Lead Hazard Activities3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms not appearing here,see Ter
9、minology E1605.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 paint collection trayany clean, dry, lead-free con-tainer for use in catching paint scrapings.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThis practice describes the use ofletter-size white paper for making a funnel type collection tray.However, other ty
10、pes of collection trays can be utilized.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Dried paint samples are collected from areas of knowndimensions using heat gun, cold-scraping, or coring methods.5. Significance and Use5.1 Although this practice is intended for the collection ofdried paint samples in and around buil
11、dings for the subsequentdetermination of lead content, this practice may also be used tocollect paint samples from other structures for lead analysis.45.2 The variability associated with the sampling of driedpaint is generally considered to be far higher than the variabil-ity associated with the ana
12、lyses of the paint specimens.Therefore, it is essential that sample collection be properlycontrolled to produce representative and meaningful samples.5.3 These samples are collected in a manner that will permitsubsequent digestion and determination of lead using labora-tory analysis techniques such
13、as Inductively Coupled Plasma1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.23 on LeadHazards Associated with Buildings.Current edition approved March 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originallyapproved i
14、n 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1729 05 which waswithdrawn in January 2014 and reinstated in March 2016. DOI: 10.1520/E1729-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards
15、 volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Hazards in Housing,U.S. Department of HUD, Washington, DC, June 1995.Copyr
16、ight ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Flame AtomicAbsorption Spectrometry (FAAS) (see Test Method E1613), orusing field analysis techniques such as anodic stripping volta-mmetry (see Tes
17、t Method E2051).6. Materials and Equipment6.1 Resealable Rigid Walled Containers, for use as paintcollection containers.6.1.1 Screw-top plastic centrifuge tubes are an example of asuitable, resealable, rigid-walled container.6.1.2 Resealable plastic bags are not suitable for holdingand transporting
18、dried paint samples due to potential losses ofpaint chips during laboratory handling for test specimenpreparation.6.2 Steel or Plastic Measuring RulerUse metric-onlyrulers with millimetre and centimetre divisions (see Note 1).NOTE 1Since the unit used to report the amount of lead in dried paintsampl
19、es is generally milligram per square centimetre, use of non-metricmeasuring tools at the sampling site where paint collection is beingperformed should be avoided.6.3 Sampling Templates (Optional)Minimum inside di-mensions of 2.5 by 2.5 cm (1 in.2), reusable aluminum or steeltemplate of accurately kn
20、own dimensions (see Notes 1 and 2).NOTE 2Templates should be thin (less than 3 mm), and be capable oflying flat on a flat surface.6.4 Cloths, for use in cleaning sampling equipment and thesurface from which a sample is to be collected.6.5 White Paper (Letter-Size) for Making Paper Funnels,for use in
21、 making paint collection trays to capture dried paintscrapings.6.6 Masking and Duct Tape.6.7 Indelible (Permanent) Marking Pen.6.8 Personal Safety GearItems such as safety glasses orgoggles, half-mask respirators fitted with organic vapor/HEPAfilters, and a fire extinguisher (see Note 3).NOTE 3Use o
22、f respirators and fire extinguisher are recommended forcollection of dried paint using the heat-gun method.6.9 Cutting and Scraping Tools:6.9.1 Sharp-edged razor knife,6.9.2 Single-edged safety razor blades,6.9.3 Pocket knife with locking blade,6.9.4 Rigid blade paint scrapper with extra blades,6.9.
23、5 Flexible putty knife,6.9.6 Chisels, a variety of wood and cold chisels,6.9.7 Hammer, and6.9.8 Sharp-edged coring tool, minimum diameter of 2.5cm, with a bottle brush for cleaning.6.10 Electrical Heat Gun With Extension Cords and PowerSource.6.11 Flashlight or Other Lighting Equipment.6.12 Plastic
24、Gloves, powderless.6.13 Trash Bags.6.14 Water, clean, for use in cleaning sampling equipmentand the surface from which a sample is to be collected.7. Procedure7.1 General Comments:7.1.1 The ease of collecting dried paint samples is depen-dent on the condition of the paint and the type of substrate.S
25、ample collection is more difficult on some substrates thanothers. In general, collection of dried paint from brick,concrete, and wood is more difficult than sampling fromplaster, drywall, and metal.7.1.2 Cutting tools used for collecting dried paint from onesampling location may not be effective at
26、other locations. Thus,on-site access to a variety of paint collection tools is requiredto collect samples from a range of different substrates.7.1.3 Paint surfaces within and adjacent to sampling loca-tions should be cleaned with a damp cloth to remove dirt anddust prior to collecting a sample.7.1.4
27、 Sample collection requires four major steps: (1) mark-ing the collection area, (2) setting up a paint collection tray, (3)removing the paint, and (4) transferring the collected sample tothe paint collection container. Each of these steps is describedas follows:7.2 Marking the Collection Area (See N
28、ote 4):NOTE 4If a coring tool removal procedure is to be used, go to 7.3.7.2.1 Template-Assisted Marking ProcedureClean a tem-plate and a razor knife or equivalent cutting tool with a dampcloth. Carefully place the clean sampling template on the paintsurface at the sampling location. While manually
29、holding thetemplate firmly in place, mark an outline of the area using anindelible marking pen or score (cut into the paint) an outline ofthe area to be sampled by pulling the clean razor knife orequivalent cutting tool along the inside edge of the template.Remove the template and carefully retrace
30、the scored outlinewith the cutting tool, cutting down to the substrate. Clean thetemplate and cutting tool with a damp cloth.7.2.2 Freehand Marking ProcedureClean a template anda razor knife or equivalent cutting tool with a damp cloth.Using the clean ruler, carefully draw an outline of a rectangula
31、rsampling area on the painted surface at the sampling locationwith an indelible marking pen. Determine the dimensions ofthe length and width of the outlined area to the nearestmillimetre. Score an outline of the sampling location by pullinga razor knife or equivalent cutting tool along the markedout
32、line. Make a second pass along the marked outline with thecutting tool, cutting down to the substrate. Clean the ruler andcutting tool with a damp cloth7.3 Setting Up a Paint Collection Tray (See 3.2.1):7.3.1 Use a sheet of clean, letter-size white paper formaking a paper funnel for paint sample col
33、lection.7.3.1.1 In cases where the sampling location is too small toaccommodate a funnel made with a sheet of the letter-sizepaper, cut the paper to an appropriate smaller size.7.3.2 For Vertical SurfacesCenter a piece of tape alongone of the long edges of a clean sheet of white paper. The tapeshoul
34、d be slightly shorter than the paper and placed so thatsufficient adhesive is available to firmly stick the paper to thepainted surface (see Note 5). Stick the paper directly below thelocation to be sampled with the taped edge closest to the scoredlocation. Pull the two lower corners of the paper to
35、gether andE1729 162overlap slightly to form a funnel. Use a piece of tape to securethe lower corners together. Fold the bottom of the newly madefunnel up and use a piece of tape to permanently close off thefunnel bottom. Be sure no sticky tape surfaces are exposed onthe inside of the closed bottom f
36、unnel. Tap the funnel to checkthat it will not come undone or come off the surface if jarredduring paint removal activities.NOTE 5Either masking or duct tape can be successfully used in mostlocations. However, for extremely dirty surfaces, the area where the tapeis to contact the painted surface may
37、 have to be cleaned to achieve goodadhesion. Use of a wet cloth followed by a dry paper towel can generallyproduce a sufficiently clean surface.7.3.3 For Horizontal Surfaces (Painted Surfaces FacingUp)Tape a clean sheet of white paper directly adjacent to thelocation to be sampled and make a closed
38、bottom funnel in thesame manner as described in 7.3.2.7.3.4 For Overhead Horizontal Surfaces (Painted SurfacesFacing Down)Make a closed bottom funnel in the samemanner as described in 7.3.2. Affix the funnel to the paintedsurface so that it is directly under the location to be sampled orattach the f
39、unnel it to a ladder or similar support structurebeneath the sample location.7.4 Removing the PaintClean all sampling tools with adamp cloth as appropriate. Remove paint using the heat-gunmethod in 7.4.1, the cold scraping method in 7.4.2,orthecoring method in 7.4.3. See Appendix X1 for information
40、onchoosing a method. Don plastic gloves as appropriate.7.4.1 Heat-Gun Method7.4.1.1 WarningUse of a heat gun on painted surfacescauses release of organic vapors. Thus, this method shall not beperformed in areas occupied by persons not protected withappropriate respiratory protection.7.4.1.2 Procedur
41、eUsing a heat gun, gently heat the scoredpaint surface until the paint just starts to soften and blister. Donot overheat the paint. If the paint is scorched or discoloredduring heating, then too much heat has been applied and a newlocation must be selected and marked. Using a clean, rigidblade paint
42、 scraper or chisel, dig into one edge of the scoredarea and scrape the paint off (Note 6). Intermittent use of theheat gun during scraping will ease paint removal. Carefullyscrape away all the paint within the marked area down to thesubstrate and ensure that all the scraped paint lands in, or ispush
43、ed into, the paint collection tray. Minimize inclusion ofsubstrate material (see Note 6). Clean all sampling tools with adamp cloth. Dispose of any gloves used after completingcollection of each sample.NOTE 6Removal of substrate must be minimized during paintcollection and complete collection of the
44、 paint from the substrate must bemaximized. Under ideal conditions, the collected dried sample will haveno substrate and, after collection, the sampling location will be completelyfree of paint. When it is not possible to obtain a dried paint sample free ofsubstrate material, such as brick and concr
45、ete, include the minimumamount needed to completely remove the paint from the substrate. Onwood substrates, scrape in the direction of the wood grain, not against it,to minimize inclusion of substrate in the collected sample.7.4.2 Cold-Scraping MethodUsing the appropriate cleancutting tool for a par
46、ticular substrate or condition of the paintedsurface and sample location, begin removing the paint from thesubstrate. If possible, peel the paint from the substrate bysliding the blade along the score and underneath the paint. Ifproblems are encountered in removing the paint sample, use ascraping to
47、ol, safety razor blade, or other equivalent tool to aidin paint removal (Note 6). Carefully scrape away all the paintwithin the marked area down to the substrate and ensure that allthe scraped paint lands in, or is pushed into, the paint collectiontray. Clean all sampling tools with a damp cloth. Di
48、spose ofany gloves used after completing collection of each sample.7.4.3 Coring MethodPlace a piece of masking tape overthe sampling location (see Notes 7 and 8). Place the coring toolagainst the taped area and cut down into the paint down to thesubstrate using a circular motion (Note 6). Tip the co
49、ring toolslightly to one side to help break the paint sample core from thelocation. Carefully retract the coring tool. If the paint sample islodged inside the coring tool, push it into the paint collectiontray using an appropriate clean tool such as a stiff plastic rod.If the paint sample remains on the location scored by the coringtool, use an appropriate cutting tool to carefully scrape away allthe paint within the cored area down to the substrate and ensurethat all the scraped paint lands in, or is pushed into, the paintcollection tray. Clean all sampling to
