1、Designation: E2231 15 An American National StandardStandard Practice forSpecimen Preparation and Mounting of Pipe and DuctInsulation Materials to Assess Surface BurningCharacteristics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2231; the number immediately following the designation indicate
2、s the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures for specime
3、n prepa-ration and mounting when testing pipe and duct insulationmaterials to assess flame spread and smoke development assurface burning characteristics using Test Method E84.1.2 If the pipe or duct insulation materials to be tested arereflective insulation materials (see 3.2.10 and 3.2.11), themat
4、erials shall be tested using the procedures for specimenpreparation and mounting described in Practice E2599 and notthe procedures described in 6.1 through 6.6.1.3 Testing is conducted with Test Method E84.1.4 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that canbe used as a regulatory tool.1.5
5、 Use the values stated in inch-pound units as thestandard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system ofunits are given in parentheses, for information only; seeIEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.1.6 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitativemeasures.1.7 Fire testing of produc
6、ts and materials is inherentlyhazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and propertyshall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testinginvolves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. Thisstandard gives instructions on specimen preparation andmounting, but the fire-test-response
7、 method is given in TestMethod E84. See also Section 8.1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredrequirements of the standard.1.9 This standard does not purpo
8、rt to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This fire standard cannot be used to provi
9、de quantita-tive measures.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A390 Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) SteelPoultry Fence Fabric (Hexagonal and Straight Line)C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC1136 Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance VaporRetarders for Thermal Insula
10、tionC1224 Specification for Reflective Insulation for BuildingApplicationsC1396/C1396M Specification for Gypsum BoardE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE2599 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting ofReflective Insulation,
11、 Radiant Barrier and Vinyl StretchCeiling Materials for Building Applications to AssessSurface Burning CharacteristicsIEEE/ASTM SI-10 International System of Units (SI) TheModernized Metric System2.2 UL Standards:UL 181 Standard for Safety for Factory-Made Air Ducts andConnectors33. Terminology3.1 D
12、efinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this prac-tice refer to the terminology contained in Terminology E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22
13、on SurfaceBurning.Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E2231-14. DOI:10.1520/E2231-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
14、 For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons
15、hohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.1 composite, nas related to a pipe or duct insulation,see duct insulation system or pipe insulation system.3.2.2 duct, nas related to heating ventilating, air condi-tioning or exhaust systems, a passageway made of sheet metalor other suitable material used
16、for conveying air or other gases.3.2.3 duct insulation system, nas related to fire testing,system intended to insulate and cover, continuously for anextended length, the outside surface of a duct; the system shallhave an insulation core, with or without a covering or vaporretarder facing which inclu
17、des longitudinal closure systems (ifused) and perhaps other duct insulation supplementary mate-rials such as adhesives, fasteners, or tapes (if used).3.2.3.1 DiscussionDuct system components, includingtapes, sealants, and fitting covers, that do not cover the ductcontinuously for an extended length,
18、 but which are associatedwith the duct insulation system are considered separately (seeduct insulation supplementary materials). An extended lengthis not intended to imply a length of 25 ft, but a length of at least3 ft.3.2.4 duct insulation supplementary materials, nas re-lated to fire testing, com
19、ponents, including tapes and sealantsused for transverse joints as well as fitting covers that areintermittently spaced, as needed, within the duct insulationsystem, as well as adhesives used to bond the insulation to theduct substrate and that do not cover the duct continuously foran extended lengt
20、h.3.2.5 duct lining, nmaterial such as an insulation, coatingor film, including adhesive, used to line the inside surface of aduct.3.2.6 insulation blanket, na relatively flat and flexibleinsulation in coherent sheet form furnished in units of substan-tial area.43.2.7 pipe, nas related to heating, v
21、entilating, or airconditioning systems, a cylindrical conduit for the conveyanceof liquids or semi-solids.3.2.8 pipe insulation system, nas related to fire testing,system intended to insulate and cover, continuously for anextended length, the outside surface of a pipe; the system shallhave an insula
22、tion core, with or without a covering or vaporretarder facing which includes longitudinal closure systems (ifused) and perhaps other pipe insulation supplementary mate-rials such as adhesives, fasteners, or tapes (if used).3.2.8.1 DiscussionPipe system components, includingtapes, sealants, and fitti
23、ng covers, that do not cover the pipecontinuously for an extended length, but which are associatedwith the pipe insulation system are considered separately (seepipe insulation supplementary materials). An extended lengthis not intended to imply a length of 25 ft, but a length of at least3 ft.3.2.9 p
24、ipe insulation supplementary materials, nas re-lated to fire testing, components, including tapes and sealantsused for transverse joints as well as fitting covers that areintermittently spaced, as needed, within the pipe insulationsystem, as well as adhesives used to bond the insulation to thepipe s
25、ubstrate and that do not cover the pipe continuously foran extended length.3.2.10 reflective insulation, nthermal insulation consistingof one or more low emittance surfaces bounding one or moreenclosed air spaces.3.2.10.1 DiscussionReflective insulation materials are de-fined in Specification C1224.
26、3.2.11 reflective plastic core insulation, nan insulationmaterial packaged in rolls, that is less than 0.5 in. (12.7 mm)thick, with at least one exterior low emittance surface (0.1 orless) and a core material containing voids or cells.3.2.11.1 DiscussionReflective plastic core insulation ma-terials
27、are one specific type of reflective insulation materials.3.2.12 self-supporting specimen, na specimen that re-mains in place by its own structural characteristics both beforeand during the fire test.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen prepa-ration and mounting w
28、hen testing pipe and duct insulationmaterials to assess flame spread and smoke development assurface burning characteristics using Test Method E84.4.2 Pipe or duct insulation systems (or composites related topipe or duct insulation) consist of an insulation core, with orwithout a jacket, and with or
29、 without an adhesive. Pipe or ductinsulation systems shall be tested in accordance with thespecimen preparation and mounting procedures described inthis practice, using Test Method E84.4.3 Supplementary materials for pipe or duct insulationsystems, including tapes, joint sealants, and fitting covers
30、, thatare intermittently spaced, shall be tested for flame spread andsmoke development as single-component systems, using TestMethod E84.5. Significance and Use5.1 Pipe and duct insulation systems are often evaluatedwith Test Method E84 to comply with building or mechanicalcode requirements. This pr
31、actice describes, in detail, specimenpreparation and mounting procedures for single-componentpipe or duct insulation systems and for multi-component pipeor duct insulation systems.5.2 The material, system, composite, or assembly testedshall be representative of the completed insulation system usedin
32、 actual field installations, in terms of the components,including their respective thicknesses.5.3 Pipe and duct insulation systems consist of a variety ofmaterials and constructions.5.4 Some testing laboratories have developed a number ofprotocols for testing pipe or duct insulation systems whichut
33、ilize one generic type of materials, all of them with aninsulation core and a jacket. Those protocols are the origin ofthis practice, which makes them generic, to reduce materialbias in the standard; they have resulted in the procedurespresented in 6.1. The procedures presented in 6.2 6.5 addressoth
34、er types of pipe or duct insulation systems.4This definition is similar to the definition of “blanket insulation” in Terminol-ogy C168 from committee C16 on Thermal Insulation.E2231 1525.5 This practice addresses specimen preparation andmounting of systems of the types described in 5.5.1 5.5.3 andte
35、sting of supplementary materials as described in 5.6.5.5.1 Multi-component systems containing an insulationcore and a jacket, with or without adhesive between insulationcore and jacket, not intended to be bonded to a pipe or ductsubstrate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such sys-tems is descr
36、ibed in 6.1 if they are self-supporting and in 6.2 ifthey are not self-supporting.5.5.2 Single component systems, not intended to be bondedto a pipe or duct substrate. Specimen preparation and mountingfor such systems is described in 6.3 if they are self-supportingand in 6.4 if they are not self-sup
37、porting.5.5.3 Systems intended to be bonded to a pipe or ductsubstrate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such sys-tems is described in 6.5.5.5.4 Reflective insulation materials (see 3.2.10 and 3.2.11)intended to be used as pipe or duct insulation materials andinstalled with an air gap shall be
38、tested using the procedures forspecimen preparation and mounting procedures described inPractice E2599. Reflective insulation materials intended to beused as pipe or duct insulation materials and installed withoutan air gap shall be tested using the specimen preparation andmounting procedures descri
39、bed in Section 6 of this practice.5.5.5 Specimen preparation and mounting procedures forsystems not described in this practice shall be added as theinformation becomes available.5.6 Supplementary Materials:5.6.1 It is recognized that supplementary materials for pipeor duct insulation systems are nor
40、mally able to generate heat,flame or smoke. Thus, the fire safety of the entire systemdepends, at least to some extent, on the fire performance ofsupplementary materials. Consequently, the fire-test-responsecharacteristics of all supplementary materials shall be assessedto obtain a full assessment o
41、f the fire-test-response of the pipeor duct insulation system. See Appendix X1.5.6.2 Supplementary materials are often present intermit-tently spaced, and not for an extended length, in a pipe or ductinsulation system. Thus, it is not always possible to suitablytest them in conjunction with a pipe o
42、r duct insulation system.5.6.3 Testing of Supplementary MaterialsSupplementarymaterials that have not been fully tested in conjunction with thepipe or duct insulation system, in accordance with Section 6,shall be tested for flame spread and smoke development assingle-component systems, in accordance
43、 with Test MethodE84.5.7 The limitations for this procedure are those associatedwith Test Method E84.6. Specimen Preparation and Mounting6.1 Self-supporting multi-component systems, not intendedto be bonded to a pipe or duct substrate:56.1.1 Hollow cylindrical insulation core inside a jacket, witha
44、longitudinal joint system, to be used without adhesivebetween jacket and insulation core:6.1.1.1 In this construction, the insulation board specimens,20 to 24 in. (510 to 610 mm) by the appropriate length, shallbe produced in a flat cross-section with the jacket (facing) witha seam created at the ap
45、proximate longitudinal centerline usingthe same method of closure used in actual field installations.The jacket (facing) shall be mechanically attached to theinsulation core using 0.5 in. (13 mm) divergent point steelflared staples. The staples shall be applied, around the perim-eter of the board, a
46、t 6 6 3 in. (152 6 76 mm) on centerspacing, as well as adjacent to and along both sides of thelongitudinal seam, at approximately 1 in. from the seam (seeFig. 1).5The specimen preparation and mounting procedures in 6.1, including poten-tially slitting the facing or jacket, mirror those used by Under
47、writers Laboratories,and described in their documents “BRER GuideInfoPipe and EquipmentCoveringsBuilding Materials (Surface Burning Characteristics)” and “BIYRGuideInfoAcoustical MaterialsBuilding Materials (Surface Burning Charac-teristics).” Similar concepts are also used in the testing of Factory
48、-made Air Ductsand Air Connectors by Test Method E84 in UL 181.FIG. 1 Insulation and Jacket with No Adhesive (see 6.1.1.1)E2231 1536.1.1.2 Mount the specimens on the ledges of the TestMethod E84 furnace without using an auxiliary support mecha-nism.6.1.2 Hollow cylindrical insulation core inside a j
49、acket, witha full coat adhesive attaching the jacket to the insulation core:6.1.2.1 In this construction, the insulation board specimens,20 to 24 in. (510 to 610 mm) by the appropriate length, shallbe produced in a flat cross-section with the jacket (facing)adhered to one side of the insulation core (see Fig. 2).6.1.2.2 Each test shall be conducted using a factory or fieldjoint along the longitudinal centerline of the test specimen,with a longitudinal seam created in the approximate centerlineusing the same method of closure used in actual field install
