1、Designation: E535 14 An American National StandardStandard Practice forPreparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E535; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis standard has been developed to assist ASTM Committees in the writing of fire-test-responsestandards that comply
3、 with the ASTM policy on fire standards (see Annex A1).The policy on fire standards describes the types of ASTM fire standards and their required caveats.Committee E05 has the responsibility of helping other committees developing fire standards byproviding the information and assistance required by
4、all committees for writing standards whichcontain testing procedures for the response of materials, products, or assemblies to fire.Fire-test-response standards are standards for, or based on, one or more fire-test-responsecharacteristics. A fire-test-response characteristic provides a means of meas
5、uring the response ofmaterials, products, or assemblies to a prescribed source of heat alone or to one of heat and flameunder controlled test conditions.1. Scope1.1 This practice is a supplement to Form and Style forASTM Standards2, which shall be consulted in writing allASTM standards.1.2 This prac
6、tice contains, directly or by reference, all of theinformation required to comply with the policy on fire stan-dards and the additional guidelines recommended by Commit-tee E05.1.3 This practice, intended to assist ASTM Committees,establishes guidelines and criteria for the preparation of fire-test-
7、response standards (that is, standards for response to heator flame under prescribed conditions).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health
8、practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitativemeasures.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE691 Practice for Co
9、nducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE2536 Guide forAssessment of Measurement Uncertainty inFire TestsE2655 Guide for Reporting Uncertainty of Test Results andUse of the Term Measurement Uncertainty in ASTM TestMethods3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Definit
10、ionsFor definitions of terms used in thispractice, refer to Terminology E176.3.1.2 fire-test-response characteristic, na response char-acteristic of a material, product, or assembly, to a prescribedsource of heat or flame, under controlled fire conditions; suchresponse characteristics may include bu
11、t are not limited to easeof ignition, flame spread, mass loss, smoke generation, fireresistance, and toxic potency of smoke.3.1.2.1 DiscussionA fire-test-response characteristic canbe influenced by variable characteristics of the heat source,1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
12、 E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.31 on Terminologyand Services / Functions.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E535 12. DOI:10.1520/E0535-14.2Available on request fr
13、om ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, WestConshohocken, PA, 19428-2959.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
14、the ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1such as its intensity, or of the burning environment, such asventilation, geometry of item or enclosure, humidity or oxygenconcentration. It is not an intrinsic property
15、 such as specificheat, thermal conductivity, or heat of combustion, where thevalue is independent of test variables. A fire-test-responsecharacteristic may be described in one of several terms. Smokegeneration, for example, may be described as smoke opacity,change of opacity with time, or smoke weig
16、ht. No quantitativecorrelation need exist between values of a fire-test-responsecharacteristic for different materials, products, or assemblies,as measured by different methods or tested under different setsof conditions for a given method.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 mea
17、surand, nquantity subject to measurement.3.2.2 uncertainty of measurement, nparameter, associatedwith the result of a measurement, that characterizes thedispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed tothe measurand.4. Significance and Use4.1 This standard is to be used by those concer
18、ned with thedevelopment of fire-test-response standards.4.2 The resultant fire-test-response standards are intended tobe useful in one or more of the following areas, among others:product development, quality control, product comparisons,screening, information to be used as part of a fire hazard or
19、afire risk assessment, and regulatory purposes.4.3 This practice is intended to be useful to users offire-test-response standards because it provides much of thegeneral rationale for the development and use of such stan-dards.4.4 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for thepreparation o
20、f fire hazard assessment standards or fire riskassessment standards.4.5 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for thepreparation of standards not related to fire-test responses ofmaterials, products or assemblies.5. Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards5.1 The writer of fire-test-r
21、esponse standards shall be able torefer to Form and Style of ASTM Standards2, to obtainassistance in ensuring that the standards being written willconform with the requirements of Section A and other appro-priate sections, as specified in this practice.5.1.1 Fire-test-response standards shall not us
22、e conditionallanguage.5.2 Fire-test-response standards shall, as applicable, containthe sections described in 5.3 5.21 of this practice.5.3 Title:5.3.1 The title of the test method shall specify the intendedspecific application, clearly and as concisely as is practicable.5.3.2 The title of the test
23、method shall not contain thephrases “fire hazard” or “fire risk”.5.4 Scope:5.4.1 The scope shall clearly:5.4.1.1 Identify the standard as a “fire-test-responsestandard,”5.4.1.2 State the purpose of the standard,5.4.1.3 Specify the known limitations of the standard,5.4.1.4 Specify the significance of
24、 the data that are gener-ated (including relevance to human life and property, whereappropriate),5.4.1.5 Specify what the standard is and is not intended toaccomplish,5.4.1.6 Identify the class of materials, products or assem-blies to which it is to be applied,5.4.1.7 Identify the heat flux or other
25、 test input characteris-tics involved,5.4.1.8 Identify the fire-test-response characteristic(s) to bemeasured, and5.4.1.9 Identify the system of units of measurement appliedwithin the standard and to be used in referee decisions;parenthetical measures in a different system of units arepermitted when
26、 identified to be for information only.5.4.2 The scope shall include the caveat for fire-test-response standards required by the ASTM policy on firestandards, and contained in F2.2 of Form and Style for ASTMStandards. This is referred to as the fire-test-response standardscaveat. No alterations are
27、to be made to the caveat as follows:This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials,products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, butdoes not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products,
28、 or assemblies under actual fireconditions.5.4.3 The scope shall contain the standard safety hazardscaveat specified in F2.1.1 of Form and Style for ASTMStandards. No alterations are to be made to the caveat asfollows:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any,assoc
29、iated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.5.4.4 The scope of all fire test methods shall contain thefollowing safety caveat:Fire testing is inhere
30、ntly hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel andproperty shall be employed in conducting these tests.5.4.5 The scope shall contain information with respect toany known limitations of the test method with respect to itsapplication, and inappropriate uses of the standard.5.4.6 It is appropriate t
31、o include reference to alternative,companion or related standards in the scope. The title anddesignation of such standards shall be included in the refer-enced documents section.5.5 Referenced Documents:5.5.1 The list of referenced documents shall include:5.5.1.1 All ASTM standards, proposals, and a
32、djuncts thatare cited in the text,5.5.1.2 E176, Terminology Relating to Fire Standards,5.5.1.3 Alternate, companion, or related ASTM standards,mentioned in the scope.5.5.2 The list of referenced documents shall also include allstandards and codes of other organizations which are useful tothe user of
33、 the standard and are cited in the text of the standard.5.6 Terminology:E535 1425.6.1 The standard shall use precise and accurate terminol-ogy. Inappropriate, misleading or deprecated terms such as“slow burning” or “self extinguishing” shall not be used.5.6.2 Terminology E176 shall be used for selec
34、ting termi-nology as well as definitions for terms used in the standard.5.6.3 Where applicable, reference shall be made to otherexisting ASTM terminology standards having specific applica-tion to the subject of the test method.5.6.4 When applicable, reference shall be made to theappropriate internat
35、ional terminology standards, such as thoseby the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) orthe International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The titleand numerical designation of the ISO or IEC standard shall beincluded in a separate subsection of the section on referenceddocuments.5
36、.6.4.1 In case of conflict between the international termi-nology standards and Terminology E176, the ASTM standardshall prevail.5.6.5 Part E of Form and Style for ASTM Standards shall beused as a source for additional guidance on terminology inASTM standards.5.6.6 The standard shall not describe or
37、 define terms that areinconsistent with those given in Terminology E176 or otherASTM terminology standards, unless the difference is de-scribed in the terminology section, and is justified as beingunique to the specific test method. Terms that are specific (orapplicable) only to the standard shall b
38、e described in theterminology section. Such terms shall be included in a sub-section entitled “Definitions of Terms Specific to this Stan-dard.” Any terms so described which appear in ASTM termi-nology standards shall include a notation explaining thedifference in use or meaning.5.6.7 It is acceptab
39、le for definitions of terms critical to theuse of the standard to be reproduced, in precisely the form inwhich they appear in the corresponding terminology standard.In such cases, reference to the terminology standard shall bemade in the section on terminology and the standard shall belisted in the
40、section on referenced documents.5.6.8 In the terminology section, reference sources shall beprovided for each keyword in the title of the standard, unlessthe terms are well known and widely used.5.7 Summary of Test MethodThis section shall contain abrief summary of the test method, which describes t
41、he heatsource, the type of specimen, the exposure conditions, thetypes of measurements made, and the type of results reported.5.8 Significance and Use:5.8.1 This section shall provide information with respect tothe usefulness of the test method.5.8.1.1 It shall include information that indicates the
42、 appro-priate uses of the test method, such as product development,quality control, screening, product comparisons, input for a firemodel or a fire hazard assessment, basis for regulation.5.8.1.2 This section shall include information with respectto the need for the standard. Possible explanations o
43、f need are:(1) that no other test method exists, (2) that this test methodsupersedes older test methods, or (3) that this test methodoffers useful or improved alternatives.5.8.2 Known potential inappropriate uses shall be statedalong with reasons why use of the test method is inappropriatein such ca
44、ses. Examples of inappropriateness include: (1) a testmethod provides results that are too imprecise for use in aparticular application, (2) the inter-laboratory evaluation testdata indicates that the use of the test method for regulatorypurposes is inappropriate because of large variability of test
45、results among laboratories, (3) the data generated by using thetest method do not adequately describe one particular fire-test-response characteristic for use in regulation, or (4) somematerials, products or assemblies perform differently in the testmethod from the way in which they are expected to
46、perform inan actual application.5.8.3 The significance and use section shall include allknown limitations of the test method.5.8.4 The significance and use section shall include astatement addressing the effect of changing test conditions onthe results and their subsequent use. An example statementf
47、ollows:In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specificsets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substitutedor the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by orfrom this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-responsecharact
48、eristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the firetest exposure conditions described in this procedure.5.8.5 The significance of the data generated through the useof the test method shall be described, including relevance tohuman life or property, where appropriate.5.8.6 Any warni
49、ng needed in the interpretation of the resultsshall be included in this section.5.9 Hazards:5.9.1 A statement shall be included to warn the operator ofspecific safety hazards involved when using the test method.Hazards to be considered include, but are not restricted to,explosion, generation of vision obscuring smoke or of toxicproducts of combustion, and rapid fire growth. (See Form andStyle for ASTM Standards.)5.9.2 A precautionary statement shall be included to informthe operator of precautions to be taken to avoid or minimizeparticular hazards. (See Form and Style for AS
