1、Designation: F1668 16 An American National StandardStandard Guide forConstruction Procedures for Buried Plastic Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1668; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This guide describes installation techniques and consid-erations for open-cut construction of buried pipe.Althou
3、gh thisguide was developed for plastic pipe, the concepts of providingthe appropriate soil support, care in handling, correct joiningtechniques, proper soil compaction methods, and prevention ofinstallation damage may apply to any pipe.1.1.1 Plastic pipe refers to thermoplastic and fiberglass pipe.1
4、.1.2 Thermoplastic pipe refers to pipe fabricated frompolyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX),chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), or polypropylene (PP).A list of specifications for these products is given in AppendixX2.1.
5、1.3 Fiberglass pipe refers to a glass-fiber-reinforcedthermosetting-resin pipe. A list of ASTM specifications forthese products is given in Appendix X2.NOTE 1Appendix X2 cannot be considered inclusive because theremay be unlisted, recently adopted ASTM specifications for new productsthat may be inst
6、alled using this guide.NOTE 2Only a few of the ASTM specifications listed in Appendix X2include the associated fittings. While this guide applies to the installationof pipe, couplings, and fittings, no attempt was made to list all the possiblefitting specifications that may be used in conjunction wi
7、th the pipespecifications. Consult each specification or manufacturer for appropriatefitting standards.1.1.4 For simplification, the term pipe will be used in thisdocument to mean pipe sections, fittings, and couplings.1.2 This guide contains general construction informationapplicable for plastic pi
8、pe and supplements the installationstandards for the various types of pipe as described in PracticesD2321, D2774, D3839, F690, and Guide F645.NOTE 3This guide is not applicable for gas pipe applications asadditional requirements may apply.1.3 Flexible pipe, such as thermoplastic and fiberglass, aret
9、ypically designed to rely on the stiffness of the soil surround-ing the pipe for support. The contract documents shoulddescribe the requirements of an appropriate soil supportsystem. The construction practices described in this guide canbe instrumental in attaining the required soil stiffness.1.3.1
10、A discussion of the interaction between a buried pipeand the surrounding soil and the importance of attaining propersoil support is in Appendix X1.1.3.2 Following these guidelines will be helpful in prevent-ing local deformations in the pipe.1.4 This guide does not cover underwater installation, pip
11、ethat needs to be supported on piling, perforated pipe used fordrainage, or gas pipelines.1.5 Pipelines through areas described as “expansive soils,”“collapsing soils,” landfills or water-logged land (such asswamps) should be constructed using site-specific installationprocedures and are not discuss
12、ed in this guide.1.6 This guide is not intended to cover all situations.Specific pipe characteristics, fluid transported, local siteconditions, environmental concerns, or manufacturers recom-mendations may require different guidelines.1.7 The construction practices presented in this guide maybe affe
13、cted by the installation requirements of owners, speci-fying organizations, or regulatory agencies for pipelines cross-ing roads and highways, other pipelines or cables, or water-ways such as streams, drainage channels, or floodways.1.8 Culverts or pipe that are used as passages through waterretaini
14、ng embankments (for example, earth dams) may beconstructed using the principles of this guide, if appropriateprovisions are made to prevent water movement along theoutside of the pipe (using impervious soils, cutoff collars, headwalls, etc.).1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as th
15、estandard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are given forinformation only.NOTE 4There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard covering theprimary subject matter of this guide.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespo
16、nsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic PipingSystems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F
17、17.61 on Water.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1668 08. DOI:10.1520/F1668-16.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
18、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-mentsD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms
19、Relating to Plas-ticsD4914 Test Methods for Density of Soil and Rock in Placeby the Sand Replacement Method in a Test PitD5030 Test Method for Density of Soil and Rock in Place bythe Water Replacement Method in a Test PitF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsPipe Installation:D2321 Prac
20、tice for Underground Installation of Thermoplas-tic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow ApplicationsD2774 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplas-tic Pressure PipingD3839 Guide for Underground Installation of “Fiberglass”(Glass-Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) PipeF645 Guide for
21、Selection, Design, and Installation of Ther-moplastic Water- Pressure Piping SystemsF690 Practice for Underground Installation of ThermoplasticPressure Piping Irrigation Systems (Withdrawn 2012)3Soil Testing:D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (
22、12,400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by Sand-Cone MethodD1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3(2,700 kN-m/m3)D2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by
23、the Rubber Balloon MethodD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils(Visual-Manual
24、Procedure)D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and UnitWeight of Soils Using a Vibratory TableD4254 Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and UnitWeight of Soils and Calculation of Relative DensityD4564 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by the Sleeve Method (Withdrawn
25、2013)3D4653 Test Method for Total Chlorides in LeatherD4944 Test Method for Field Determination of Water (Mois-ture) Content of Soil by the Calcium Carbide Gas PressureTesterD4959 Test Method for Determination of Water Content ofSoil By Direct HeatingD5080 Test Method for Rapid Determination of Perc
26、entCompactionJoining Practices:D2657 Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyolefin Pipeand FittingsD2855 Practice for the Two-Step (Primer and Solvent Ce-ment) Method of Joining Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) orChlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe andPiping Components with Tapered SocketsD693
27、8 Test Methods for In-Place Density and Water Contentof Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (ShallowDepth)F402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining ThermoplasticPipe and FittingsF477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Join-ing Pla
28、stic PipeF913 Specification for Thermoplastic Elastomeric Seals(Gaskets) for Joining Plastic PipeF2164 Practice for Field Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE)and Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pressure PipingSystems Using Hydrostatic PressureF2620 Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipean
29、d FittingsOther ASTM Standards:C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteF1417 Practice for Installation Acceptance of Plastic Non-pressure Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure Air2.2 American Water Works Association (AWWA) Stan-dards:4C651 Disinfecting Water MainsC904 Practice for Field Leak Testing
30、 of Polyethylene (PE)Pressure Piping system Using Hydrostatic Pressure2.3 American Association of State Highway and Transpor-tation Offcials (AASHTO) Standard:Standard Specification for Highway Bridges52.4 Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association Standard:UNI-B-13 Recommended Performance Specification forJoint
31、 Restraint Devices for Use with Polyvinyl Chloride(PVC) Pipe63. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nologies D8, D653, D883, D1600, and F412 unless otherwiseindicated. Abbreviations are in accordance with TerminologyD1600, unless otherwise indicated.3.1.1 The definitio
32、ns and descriptions of soil are in accor-dance with the Unified Soil Classification System as presented2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards
33、 Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 6666 W. QuincyAve., Denver, CO 80235, http:/www.awwa.org.5Available from American Association of State Highway and Tr
34、ansportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.6Available from the Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Assoc., 2655 Villa Creek Dr., Suite 155,Dallas, TX 75234.F1668 162in Classification D2487. Soils may be identified and describedin the field usin
35、g the procedures stated in Practice D2488.NOTE 5The terms describing an installation cross-section are illus-trated in Fig. 1. Other terms related to parts of the pipe are illustrated inFig. 2.NOTE 6These terms may be different from the ones used in PracticesD2321, D2774, D3839,orF690. The terms in
36、this guide are used todescribe the construction sequence and are not meant to replace or conflictwith other standards.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 backfillmaterial placed over the embedment up tothe ground surface.3.2.2 beddingmaterial placed in the bottom of the trenchon
37、 top of the foundation soil to provide uniform support for thepipe.3.2.3 embedmentmaterial placed around the pipe thatprovides side support.3.2.4 foundation soilmaterial in the bottom of the trenchthat is (1) undisturbed and remains in place; (2) removed andreplaced by another material, (3) displace
38、d by another material;or (4) removed and then recompacted into place.3.2.5 haunch areathe area of the embedment under thepipe from the bottom of the pipe up to the springline, asillustrated in Fig. 1.3.2.6 in situ materialthe in-place soil or rock that a trenchis excavated through that is either (1)
39、 naturally formed ordeposited; or (2) manmade.3.2.7 manufactured aggregatesaggregates that are prod-ucts or byproducts of a manufacturing process (such as slag),or natural aggregates that are reduced to their final form by amanufacturing process such as crushing.3.2.8 springlinea line along the leng
40、th of the pipe at itsmaximum width along a horizontal plane. (F412)4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide may be used as a reference of acceptableopen-cut construction practices for the proper installation ofburied fiberglass and thermoplastic pipe. This guide may beused as follows:4.1.1 Installation
41、 contractors have an awareness of the levelof workmanship required and use this information for biddingpurposes and during construction.4.1.2 Construction inspectors have a reference of acceptableinstallation practices.4.1.3 Specification writers may use this guide as a referencein contract document
42、s.4.1.4 Designers may review this information during plan-ning and design for factors to consider in the preparation ofplans and specifications.4.1.5 The owner of the pipeline may use this guide as areference for restoration of proper pipe support and embedmentwhen original construction is disturbed
43、 due to repairs,modifications, or construction of adjacent or crossing pipelinesor cables.4.2 This guide should not be used to replace project speci-fication requirements, manufacturers recommendations,plumbing codes, building codes, or ASTM installationstandards, but may be used to supplement that
44、information.5. Inspection, Handling, and Storage5.1 Load InspectionThe pipe should be packaged orloaded as recommended by the supplier. The receiver of thepipe should be aware of (1) the loading and packagingrequirements for each mode of transportation used; (2) thecontinuance of proper handling in
45、any multiple loading andunloading before arrival; and (3) any transportation incident(wreck). Before unloading, the receiver should examine theload for transportation damage, particularly if the load hasshifted, packaging is broken, or if there are signs of roughtreatment. Damage may also have been
46、caused from overtight-ening tie-down straps or from the tie-down straps not beinglocated at the same point along the pipe barrel where the pipesupports are located. The pipe should be examined for abrasiondue to (1) bells, couplings, or other joint surfaces being incontact with each other or any har
47、d object or surface; and (2)unpadded metal tie-down straps.NOTE 1This drawing is illustrative only. Trench dimensions and slopevary with depth and soil conditions.FIG. 1 Trench Cross Section TerminologyFIG. 2 Pipe TerminologyF1668 1635.2 Pipe InspectionEach load of pipe should be inspectedand invent
48、oried for conformance to product specifications andcontract documents. Pipe markings vary according to ASTMspecification, the type of pipe, and the manufacturer. Ingeneral, these markings include: ASTM specification, pipeclass or pressure designation, cell classification, pipe diameter,date of manuf
49、acture, name or trademark of the manufacturer,and plant identification. In some circumstances, the plantinspectors approval mark may also be required. Pipe intendedfor the conveyance of potable water is evaluated, tested, andcertified for use by an acceptable certifying organization whenrequired by the regulatory authority having jurisdiction. Theseal or mark of the laboratory making the evaluation should beon the pipe. Observe the unloading, uncrating, storage anddistribution of the pipe, as applicable, and inspect each pipesection for damage, such as cu
