1、Designation: F400 10 An American National StandardStandard Consumer Safety Specification forLighters1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F400; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers all flame-producing consumer products commonly known as cigarettelighters, pipe lighters, an
3、d cigar lighters and such similardevices as defined in 3.1.7. Matches are specifically excludedfrom this safety specification; flame-producing products in-tended solely for igniting apparatus other than cigars, pipes,and cigarettes are also specifically excluded from this safetyspecification. Lighte
4、rs are specifically not intended for use as acandle, flashlight, or for other uses requiring an extended burntime.1.2 This specification establishes requirements for lightersto ensure a reasonable degree of safety for normal use orreasonably foreseeable misuse of such lighters by users.1.3 Lighters,
5、 being flame-producing devices, can, as do allflame sources, present a potential hazard to the consumer. Thisspecification cannot eliminate all hazards, but is intended tominimize potential hazards of lighters to users.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values g
6、iven in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 Disposable and novelty lighters as defined at 16 CFRPart 1210 are subject to the mandatory child resistancestandard found therein.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: Thissta
7、ndard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 Fe
8、deral Standard:216 CFR Part 1210 Safety Standard for Cigarette Lighters3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 burner valvecomponent of a gas lighter that controlsthe release of fuel.3.1.2 burner valve orificetip of the burner valve fromwhich fuel is released.3.1.3 fla
9、meresult of combustion of fuel that produces heatand often light which could be visible with the naked eye undernormal or subdued lighting conditions.3.1.4 flame heightlinear distance from the tip of thevisible flame to the top of the shield or, in the absence of ashield, from the tip of the visible
10、 flame to the top of the burnervalve orifice or to the bottom of the exposed wick.3.1.4.1 DiscussionFlame heights shall be measured inaccordance with 8.1.3.1.5 flaringvariance of flame height from the steady-stateflame condition.3.1.6 igniteto produce a flame with a lighter by activatingthe self-con
11、tained ignition and fuel release systems of thatlighter in the intended manner.3.1.7 lightermanually operated flame-producing deviceemploying a petrochemical derivative as a fuel. It is normallyused for deliberately igniting cigarettes, pipes, and cigars, andmay foreseeably be used to ignite materia
12、ls such as paper,wicks, candles, and lanterns.3.1.8 lighter, adjustablelighter that is received by theconsumer with a mechanism for the user to vary the height ofthe flame manually.3.1.9 lighter, automatic adjusting pipelighter designedand merchandised specifically for the purpose of lighting pipesa
13、nd characterized by an automatic increase in flame heightwhen tilted from an upright position.3.1.10 lighter, disposablelighter that is received by theuser with a supply of fuel and that is not intended to berefueled.3.1.11 lighter, fluidlighter that utilizes a hexane-type fluidsuch as petrol or nap
14、htha whose vapor pressure at 24C (75F)does not exceed a gage pressure of 34 kPa (5 psi).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.02 onSafety Standards for Lighters.Current edition approved May 1, 2010
15、. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F400 04. DOI:10.1520/F0400-10.2Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr H
16、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.12 lighter, gaslighter that utilizes a butane, isobutane,propane, or other liquefied hydrocarbon mixture whose vaporpressure at 24C (75F) exceeds a gage pressure of 103 kPa (15psi).3.1.13 lighter, nonadjustablelighter that
17、 has a flameheight preset by the manufacturer and is not provided with amechanism to adjust the flame height.3.1.14 lighter, non-self-extinguishinglighter that, onceignited, does not require intentional or positive action by theuser to maintain a flame and requires a subsequent, deliberateuser actio
18、n to extinguish the flame.3.1.15 lighter, postmixing burnergas lighter in which fueland air is mixed at the point of combustion.3.1.16 lighter, premixing burnergas lighter in which fueland air is mixed before being supplied for combustion.3.1.17 lighter, refillablelighter that is intended to be refu
19、-eled either by decanting fuel from an external container or byinserting a new prepackaged fuel reservoir.3.1.18 lighter, self-extinguishinglighter that, once ignited,requires continuous intentional and positive action to maintaina flame and that is subsequently extinguished upon the termi-nation of
20、 such positive action.3.1.19 shieldstructure that totally or partially surroundsthe burner valve orifice of a gas lighter or the wick of a fluidlighter.3.1.20 sustained self-ignitionpropagation of a flame byother than deliberate manual operation, such as by dropping thelighter, so as to cause the ig
21、nition element to be activated andthe flame to continue to burn.3.1.21 spitting or sputteringflame phenomenon of a gaslighter wherein escape of nonevaporated or liquid fuel pro-duces a shower of burning liquid droplets which separate fromthe main flame.4. General Requirements4.1 Flame Generation (Ta
22、ble 1)In order to minimize thepossibility of inadvertent or self-ignition, lighters shall requirea deliberate manual operation to produce a flame. Theseoperations shall conform to at least one of the followingrequirements:4.1.1 A system such that positive action on the part of theconsumer is require
23、d to generate and maintain a flame.4.1.2 A system that requires two or more independentmotions to generate a flame.4.1.3 A system that requires an actuating force equal to orgreater than 15 N (3.4 lbf) to generate a flame (see Fig. X2.1or Fig. X2.2 for an example of test equipment).4.2 Flame Control
24、The maximum attainable flame heightfor lighters shall be limited with a setting or by product design,or both. For adjustable flame-height lighters, the maximumflame height that a user will obtain on first striking the lighterwithout adjustment shall also be limited. These limits shallcomply with the
25、 following requirements when tested in accor-dance with 8.1:4.2.1 Nonadjustable fluid lighters, in accordance with 3.1.13and 3.1.11, shall not be capable of producing a flame heightgreater than 120 mm (4.75 in.) when tested in accordance with8.1. See also Annex A1 on AQLs and Appendix X1 onsampling
26、scheme references.4.2.2 Nonadjustable, postmixing and premixing burnerlighters, in accordance with 3.1.13, 3.1.15, and 3.1.16, in theusers hands shall have a maximum attainable flame height ofno more than 50 mm (2 in.) when tested in accordance with8.1. See Annex A1 for mandatory AQLs and Appendix X
27、1 onsampling scheme references.4.2.3 Adjustable postmixing burner lighters, in accordancewith 3.1.8 and 3.1.15, shall not be capable of producing a flameheight greater than 120 mm (4.75 in.) when deliberatelyadjusted by the user to the manufacturers design limit formaximum flame height and when test
28、ed in accordance with8.1. See Annex A1 for mandatory AQLs and Appendix X1 onsampling scheme references.4.2.4 Adjustable premixing burner lighters, in accordancewith 3.1.8 and 3.1.16, shall not be capable of producing a flameheight greater than 75 mm (3 in) when deliberately adjusted bythe user to th
29、e manufacturers design limit for maximum flameheight and when tested in accordance with 8.1. See Annex A1for mandatory AQLs and Appendix X1 on sampling schemereferences.4.2.5 Adjustable postmixing burner lighters, in accordancewith 3.1.8 and 3.1.15, shall have the flame height adjusted bythe manufac
30、turer in such a manner that the lighter, when firstignited by the user without changing the adjustment, will notproduce a flame height in excess of 100 mm (4 in.) when testedin accordance with 8.1. See Annex A1 for mandatory AQLsand Appendix X1 on sampling scheme references.4.2.6 Adjustable premixin
31、g burner lighters, in accordancewith 3.1.8 and 3.1.16, shall have the flame height adjusted bythe manufacturer in such a manner that the lighter, when firstignited by the user without changing the adjustment, will notproduce a flame height in excess of 60 mm (2.5 in.) whentested in accordance with 8
32、.1. See Annex A1 for mandatoryAQLs and Appendix X1 on sampling scheme reference.4.2.7 All adjustable flame height lighters, in accordancewith 3.1.8, shall be capable of producing a flame not in excessof 50 mm (2 in.) when set at the lowest possible flame heightwhen tested in accordance with 8.1.4.3
33、Flame-Height Adjustment (Table 1)Adjustable flameheight lighters in accordance with 3.1.8 shall require a delib-erate action on the part of the user to increase the flame heightwhen the lighter is used in the normal fashion.4.3.1 If flame control actuators protrude from the body ofthe lighter it sha
34、ll require a minimum actuating force of 1 N(0.25 lbf) applied over the entire range of adjustment in atangential direction (see Fig. X2.3 for an example of the testequipment).4.3.2 Adjustable gas lighters having rotary movement flamecontrol actuators approximately at right angles to the flameshall p
35、erform as follows:4.3.2.1 When the flame control actuator is at the top of thelighter and the lighter held so the flame is oriented verticallyupward, and the user is facing the flame control actuator,moving the actuator to the left shall produce a decrease inflame height.F400 1024.3.2.2 When the fla
36、me control actuator is at the bottom ofthe lighter and the lighter held so that the user is looking at theactuator, a clockwise movement shall result in a decrease inflame height.4.3.3 Adjustable gas lighters requiring motion of the flamecontrol actuator approximately parallel to the flame axis shal
37、ldecrease or increase the flame height according to the directionof the movement.4.3.4 Adjustable flame height lighters shall indicate thedirection of movement to produce a higher or lower flameheight. On lighters whose adjusting mechanisms conform to4.3.2 and 4.3.3, the direction of movement shall
38、be perma-nently imprinted or engraved on the lighter. Such permanentinformation shall be placed on the lighter in the vicinity of theadjusting mechanism and be readily visible and understand-able.TABLE 1 Specification RequirementsCharacteristic RequirementTest MethodSectionGENERAL REQUIREMENTSFlame
39、generation (1) positive action to generate and maintain a flame, or(2) two or more independent motions to generate flame, or(3) an actuating force equal to or greater than 15 N (3.4 lbf) (Appendix X2)(4) or any combination thereofFlame control Annex A1 8.1Flame height adjustment (1) deliberate actio
40、n to adjust,(2) minimum actuating force of 1 N (0.25 lbf) if mechanism protrudes from lighter (Appendix X2),(3) indication of direction of movement for higher and lower flame heightsSpitting or sputtering none allowed 8.2Flaring maximum of 50-mm (2-in.) variation from the steady-state flame conditio
41、n 8.2Flame extinction:All postmixing burner lighters (1) complete extinction of exposed flame within 2 s, or 8.3(2) additional 2 s if flame height during this time does not extend above shieldNon-self-extinguishing lighters packaged with statement (see Section 7)All premixing burner lighters (3) com
42、plete extinction of exposed flame in no more than 5 s 8.3STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY REQUIREMENTSDrop: 8.4Gas lighters three separate 1.5-m (5-ft) drops without fuel reservoir fragmentation, sustained self-ignition or gasescape exceeding 15 mg/minFluid lighters three separate 1.5-m (5-ft) drops without fue
43、l tank fragmentation or sustained self-ignitionAll lighters if still able to be ignited in the intended manner shall subsequently meet all the applicable requirementsof 4.14.5, inclusiveTemperature: 8.5All lighters withstand 65C (149F) for 4 hGas lighters after stabilization at 23C (73F) gas escape
44、not to exceed 15 mg/minAll lighters if still able to be ignited in the intended manner shall subsequently meet all the applicable requirementsof 4.14.5, inclusiveBurningAll lighters (1) withstand 5-s burn with flame at maximum directed 45C below horizontal without burning or distor-tion of component
45、sA(2) withstand 10-s burn with flame set at 50 mm (2 in.) or the maximum flame height the adjustmentallows, if lower than 50 mm, on adjustable gas lighters, or preset flame heights on nonadjustable gaslighters and fluid lighters with the lighter 45 below the horizontal, without burning or distortion
46、 of compo-nentsAContinuous burn 8.6All lighters withstand 2-min burn with flame set at 50 mm (2 in.) or the maximum flame height the adjustmentallows, if lower than 50 mm, on adjustable lighters, or preset flame heights on nonadjustable gas lightersand fluid lighters, with the flame directed vertica
47、lly upward without continued burning of component parts,expulsion of valve mechanism or fuel reservoir ruptureCycling burn (1) withstand 20-s burn with flame set at 50 mm (2 in.) or theAll lighters maximum flame height the adjustment allows, if lower than 50 mm, on adjustable gas lighters, or preset
48、flame heights on nonadjustable gas lighters and fluid lighters, repeated 10 times(2) if still able to be ignited in the intended manner shall subsequently meet all the applicable require-ments of 4.14.5, inclusive8.7External finish no sharp edgesCompatibility:Gas lighters no deterioration of compone
49、nts that come in contact with the fuel recommended by the manufacturer, orgas escape exceeding 15 mg/min8.8Fluid lighters no deterioration of components that come in contact with the fuel recommended by the manufacturer 8.9All lighters if still able to be ignited in the intended manner shall subsequently meet all the applicable requirementsof 4.14.5, inclusivePressureGas lighters withstand internal pressure of two times the vapor pressure occurring at 55C (131F) without rupture 8.10Refilling:Fluid lighters, sealed reservoirs lighter sea
