1、 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS ATIS-0600004.2017 Equipment Surface Temperature As a leading technology and solutions development organization, the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) brings together the top global ICT companies to advance the industrys most
2、pressing business priorities. ATIS nearly 200 member companies are currently working to address the All-IP transition, 5G, network functions virtualization, big data analytics, cloud services, device solutions, emergency services, M2M, cyber security, network evolution, quality of service, billing s
3、upport, operations, and much more. These priorities follow a fast-track development lifecycle from design and innovation through standards, specifications, requirements, business use cases, software toolkits, open source solutions, and interoperability testing. ATIS is accredited by the American Nat
4、ional Standards Institute (ANSI). The organization is the North American Organizational Partner for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), a founding Partner of the oneM2M global initiative, a member of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), as well as a member of the Inter-America
5、n Telecommunication Commission (CITEL). For more information, visit www.atis.org. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. C
6、onsensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views an
7、d objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing,
8、or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an i
9、nterpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revise
10、d or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the Ameri
11、can National Standards Institute. Notice of Disclaimer 2) Top and bottom panels isolated by equipment vertically stacked above/below; 3) Protective shields, backplanes inboard of cables/rear. The surfaces to which a craftsperson may be exposed are typically equipment parts that are used for normal f
12、unction of the operation or servicing of the equipment: 1) Equipment surfaces that the hands, arms, or face of the craftsperson may contact. 2) Equipment surfaces that could cause burns or result in unexpected reaction of the craftsperson. These surfaces shall have lower temperature limits than surf
13、aces with shorter exposure time. The stated temperature limits do not include the direct exhaust air discharge temperatures of equipment. However, if applicable equipment surface temperatures should become elevated by the heated exhaust airflow, the temperature limits would apply to those surfaces.
14、1.3 Temperature Limits and A part of equipment requiring heat for the intended function (for example, a cooling fin), provided that this condition is obvious to the USER. A warning shall be marked on the equipment in a prominent position adjacent to the hot part. The warning shall be either: o The s
15、ymbol (IEC 60417-5041 DB :2002-10): o Or the following or similar wording “WARNING HOT SURFACE DO NOT TOUCH”. 5 Temperatures of these parts exceeding these limits are permitted provided that ALL the following conditions are met: The part is a heat sink, or unintentional contact with the part is cons
16、idered unlikely. The part is marked indicating it is hot. The warning shall be either the IEC 60417-5041 (DB:2002-10) symbol or text as follows: “WARNING HOT SURFACE DO NOT TOUCH” Parts do not exceed 90C excluding rubber and plastic parts that cannot exceed 95C. 1.4 Units of Measure Units of measure
17、 in this standard are shown in both SI and American Standard Units. Where a unit of measure is followed by a value enclosed in parentheses, the second value may be a mathematical approximation of the first value. 2 Normative References This standard contains material from other publications. These r
18、eferences are cited at the appropriate places in the text, listed below, and are available from the appropriate standards body publishers. The standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the
19、 editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision; however, only the editions cited are applicable for this standard. 1 IEC/UL 60950-1, Information Equipment Technology Equipment Safety Part 1: General Requirements.12 IEC/UL 60950-22, Information Technology Equipment Safety Part
20、22: Equipment to be Installed Outdoors.13 IEC/UL 62368-1, Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements.14 IEC/UL 60417-5041 (DB:2002-10), Symbol: “Caution, Hot Surface”.13 Definitions, Acronyms, & Abbreviations 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 Ambient Test Tempe
21、rature: The environmental temperature surrounding the telecommunications equipment under test at the time of the evaluation. 1This document is available from UL. . ATIS-0600004.2017 4 3.1.2 Central Office: An environmentally controlled space in which a telecommunications network facility switching s
22、ystem and other associated operating systems are installed. 3.1.3 Circuit board: Synonymous with a printed circuit board, a printed wiring board, a line card, or other board mounted assembly. 3.1.4 Class, Environment: Environments are broken down into specific environmental ranges and conditions tha
23、t are identified as Class 1, Class 2, Class 3 and Class 4. Class 1, Class 2, Class 3 and Class 4 are defined in ATIS-0600010.01. 3.1.5 Emissivity: A measure of the efficiency in which a surface emits thermal energy, calculated as the fraction of energy being emitted relative to that emitted by a the
24、rmally black surface. 3.1.6 Information Communications Technology (ICT) facilities: Any environmentally controlled building or structure that houses communications equipment (e.g., Central Offices, Controlled Environmental Vaults, Data Centers, and aboveground Huts). 3.1.7 Plastic material: Non-orga
25、nic, non-ceramic. Plastics may be metalized, painted, or plain resin. 3.1.8 Thermal inertia: A product of thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat. 3.1.9 Thermal stabilization: When three successive thermal readings of +/- 1C have been made in a time period of 60 minutes. 3.1.10 Unintentiona
26、l contact: Accidental or momentary contact. 3.1.11 Vitreous material: Any of a large class of materials with highly variable mechanical and optical properties that solidify from the molten state without crystallization, and are typically silicon-based materials. 3.2 Acronyms & Abbreviations ATIS All
27、iance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions ICT Information Communications Technology IEC International Electrotechnical Commission OSP Outside Plant RTD Resistance Temperature Detector RTI Relative Thermal Index 4 Lab Test Procedures Equipment verification tests shall be performed on equipment
28、to confirm that exposed exterior surfaces are in conformance with temperature limits stated in this document. The equipment shall be subjected to temperature measurements using equipment that can detect emitted thermal energy from a materials surface. Instruments such as infrared thermometers are re
29、commended to perform these measurements because of their relatively rapid operation, high accuracy, and “non-contact” abilities. These features permit infrared thermometers to measure equipment with varying surface temperature distributions. These features also eliminate temperature change resulting
30、 from personnel contact, allow measurement of equipment undergoing rapid thermal changes, allow measurements of isolated equipment, and allow measurements of materials with low thermal conductivity. 4.1 Infrared Thermometer Measurement Method Thermal measurement equipment shall have adjustment for e
31、missivity between 0.1 and 1.0 to compensate for thermal emittance of the material being measured. The measurement equipment shall be calibrated to the appropriate emissivity settings for materials being measured. If the emissivity value of the material is not known, follow the instrument manufacture
32、rs instructions to determine the appropriate setting. The surface to be measured by the infrared thermometer shall be an approximately 0.5-inch diameter spot on the target surface. The measurement tool shall be positioned at an appropriate distance from the equipment for the 0.5-inch diameter spot,
33、based on the infrared thermometers distance-to-spot ratio (field of view). For target surfaces smaller than the 0.5-ATIS-0600004.2017 5 inch diameter measuring spot, the infrared spot should be reduced so the target area is at least twice as large as the spot size. 4.2 Sensor Measurement Method Sens
34、or measurement methods may include Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs), Thermistors, Thermocouples, and Solid State PN Junction devices. For best possible accuracy, platinum RTD Class A, band 5 devices or equivalent are recommended. Devices used in this method shall be attached to the measured s
35、urfaces with thermally-conductive adhesive but not electrically-conductive paste. Apply a measurement sensor to the immediate surface to be measured in an appropriate manner such that any gradients that may result from placement of the sensor are minimized. “Peak heat” location on an exposed surface
36、 should be determined and, once identified, the temperature-measuring sensor shall be placed as near to that location as possible. 4.3 Calibration Measurement instruments shall be calibrated using industry-accepted procedures on an annual basis. The calibration data shall be available if requested.
37、The calibration procedure or methodology should be such that, when accomplished, the objective to achieve temperature measurements within +/- 2.0C accuracy over a 23C to +110C range shall be obtainable. 4.4 Test Procedure The equipment to be measured for surface temperature shall be configured and o
38、perating to represent a typical system in its fully deployed state. The system should be allowed to run for 24 hours or when thermal stabilization has been achieved prior to making measurements. Thermal stabilization is when three successive thermal readings within +/- 2C have been made in a time pe
39、riod of 60 minutes. After a 15-minute period, re-measure the locations identified in items 1 and 2. Using the infrared thermometer, or sensor measurement method, record the following: 1. The maximum temperature and its location on the front surface of the equipment. 2. The maximum temperatures and l
40、ocation of surfaces other than the front face of the equipment to which a person may be exposed. 3. Calculate the surface temperature value (if performing testing at ambient temperature other than 25C). Measurements shall be made in an environment where the external airflow cannot have an appreciabl
41、e effect on the test results. The equipment to be measured for surface temperature shall be either: Operated at 25C until thermal stabilization has been achieved prior to making measurements. Compliance shall be based on the applicable values in Table 1.1 or Table 1.2. OR Operated at a temperature o
42、ther than 25C until thermal stabilization has been achieved prior to making measurements. Compliance shall be based on the applicable values in Table 1.1 or Table 1.2, normalized to 25C. Surface temperature = Measured temperature + (25C Ambient). Example: If tested at ambient of 20C: Surface tempera
43、ture= Measured temperature + 5C. ATIS-0600004.2017 6 Annex A (Informative) A Thermal Inertia For short duration contact (less than or equal to five seconds), the temperature limits for a given material may be obtained by using the thermal inertia (product of thermal conductivity, density, and specif
44、ic heat), thermal conductivity of the material, and comparing it with materials having known thermal inertias and for which the temperature limits are defined. It should be noted that other material properties, such as softening temperature and the Relative Thermal Index (RTI), might limit the mater
45、ials use at a particular temperature. A.1 Formula to Take into Account Actual Thermal Inertia of a Particular Surface Material For the following applicable equation, T limit is the surface temperature (oC) prior to touch as a function of epidermal thickness “” (mm), thermal inertia of material (prod
46、uct of thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat), “c” (cal2/cm4oC2sec), and duration of contact “t” (sec). Applicable equation: T-limit = 10 1.094 * * (t -0.184) + log 10(0.49) - 0.412 * log 10t * (kc -1/2+ 31.5) + 41 Calculation of a FACTOR from the equation for different defined temperatur
47、e limits for metal using the thermal inertia of aluminum as representative of common metals and an epidermal thickness = 0.254. FACTOR Temp Limit of 65C for Metal 65.00041085 (1 second exposure) substituting 1.65 for t 0.71451 t= 1.65 Temp Limit of 58C for Metal 58.0046659 (4 second exposure) substi
48、tuting 3.23 for t 0.50624 t= 3.23 Using these factors, the temperature limit for a material that would yield similar results (i.e., reaction, perception of pain, etc.) as metal for a given temperature requirement can be calculated if the thermal inertia (product of thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat) is known. T-limit = (FACTOR) ( kc -1/2+ 31.5) + 41 ATIS-0600004.2017 7 Table A.1 Examples of Temperature Limits for some Materials using the Equation Material 1/kpc1/2Temperature Limit for Metal (C) T-Limit (C) Aluminum 2.09 65 65 58 58 Polyetherimide 73.5 65 116.0 58 94.2
