1、AWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010An American National StandardIncluding Terms for AdhesiveBonding, Brazing, Soldering,Thermal Cutting, andThermal SprayingStandardWelding Termsand Definitions550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126AWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Stand
2、ards InstituteJuly 1, 2009Standard Welding Terms and DefinitionsIncluding Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing,Soldering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying12th EditionSupersedes AWS A3.0:2001Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) A2 Committee on Definitions and SymbolsUnder the Direction o
3、f theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis standard is a glossary of the technical terms used in the welding industry. Its purpose is to establish standard termsto aid in the communication of welding information. Since it is intended to be a comprehensiv
4、e compilation of weldingterminology, nonstandard terms used in the welding industry are also included. All terms are either standard or nonstandard.They are arranged in word-by-word alphabetical sequence.iiAWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-763-4American Welding Socie
5、ty550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2009 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording,
6、or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that
7、 the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications,
8、and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in
9、 federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a
10、part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the c
11、ontracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the d
12、evelopment of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indi
13、rect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neithe
14、r undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice o
15、f a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users
16、should ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent
17、 or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.Finally, the AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, ar
18、e postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, inwriting, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing
19、 Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex E).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not
20、constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals donot speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are
21、informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS A2 Committee on Definitions and Symbols. It must bereviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommenda
22、tions,additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and shouldbe addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS A2 Committee onDefinitions and Symbols and the author of the comments will be infor
23、med of the Committees response to thecomments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS A2 Committee on Definitions and Symbols to expresstheir comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in theRules of Operation of the Techni
24、cal Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the AmericanWelding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010vAWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010PersonnelAWS A2 Committee on Definitions and SymbolsB. B. Grimmett, Chair Areva NPJ. P. C
25、hristein, Vice Chair Northrop Grumman ShipbuildingNewport NewsA. M. Alonso, Secretary American Welding SocietyL. J. Barley ConsultantD. M. Beneteau CenterLine (Windsor) LimitedC. K. Ford Hobart Institute of Welding TechnologyB. C. Galliers General Electric AviationJ. A. Grantham Welding therefore, e
26、ach system must be usedindependently.Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond thescope of this standard, and therefore are not fullyaddressed herein. Safety and health information is avail-able from other sources, including, but not limited to,ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Alli
27、edProcesses, and applicable federal and state regulations.2. Normative ReferencesThe following standards contain provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute mandatory pro-visions of this AWS standard. For undated references, thelatest edition of the referenced standard shall apply.Am
28、erican Welding Society (AWS) document:1AWS A1.1, Metric Practice Guide for the WeldingIndustry; andOther document:Websters Third New International Dictionary of theEnglish Language, Unabridged.21AWS standards are published by the American WeldingSociety, 550 N.W. LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126.2Webste
29、rs Third New International Dictionary of the EnglishLanguage, Unabridged is published by Merriam-Webster, Incor-porated, Springfield, MA. It is available at most bookstores.Standard Welding Terms and DefinitionsIncluding Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing,Soldering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spr
30、ayingAWS A3.0M/A3.0:201023. Terms and DefinitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following defini-tions apply:definition. A statement of the meaning of a word orword group. The statement may also describe theinterrelationship with other terms and associationwith other relevant information suc
31、h as tables andfigures.nonstandard term. A word or expression used colloqui-ally that is provided as a link to the standard term inAWS A3.0. When used in AWS A3.0, nonstandardterms are shown in lightface type.standard term. A word or expression recognized inAWS A3.0 as the preferred terminology for
32、use in oraland written language. When used in AWS A3.0, stan-dard terms are shown in boldface type.term. A word or expression directly related to weldingor allied areas which has a meaning more specializedor restricted than that given in the dictionary (seeClause 2).4. Glossary1F, pipe. A welding te
33、st position designation for a cir-cumferential fillet weld applied to a joint in pipe, withits axis approximately 45 from horizontal, in whichthe weld is made in the flat welding position by rotat-ing the pipe about its axis. See Figure B.20(A).1F, plate. A welding test position designation for a li
34、nearfillet weld applied to a joint in which the weld is madein the flat welding position. See Figure B.18(A).1G, pipe. A welding test position designation for a cir-cumferential groove weld applied to a joint in pipe, inwhich the weld is made in the flat welding position byrotating the pipe about it
35、s axis. See Figure B.19(A).1G, plate. A welding test position designation for a lin-ear groove weld applied to a joint in which the weld ismade in the flat welding position. See Figure B.17(A).2F, pipe. A welding test position designation for a cir-cumferential fillet weld applied to a joint in pipe
36、, withits axis approximately vertical, in which the weld ismade in the horizontal welding position. See FigureB.20(B).2F, plate. A welding test position designation for a linearfillet weld applied to a joint in which the weld is madein the horizontal welding position. See Figure B.18(B).2FR, pipe. A
37、 welding test position designation for a cir-cumferential fillet weld applied to a joint in pipe, withits axis approximately horizontal, in which the weld ismade in the horizontal welding position by rotatingthe pipe about its axis. See Figure B.20(C).2G, pipe. A welding test position designation fo
38、r a cir-cumferential groove weld applied to a joint in a pipe,with its axis approximately vertical, in which the weldis made in the horizontal welding position. See FigureB.19(B).2G, plate. A welding test position designation for a lin-ear groove weld applied to a joint in which the weld ismade in t
39、he horizontal welding position. See FigureB.17(B).3F, plate. A welding test position designation for a linearfillet weld applied to a joint in which the weld is madein the vertical welding position. See Figure B.18(C).3G, plate. A welding test position designation for a lin-ear groove weld applied t
40、o a joint in which the weldis made in the vertical welding position. See FigureB.17(C).4F, pipe. A welding test position designation for a cir-cumferential fillet weld applied to a joint in pipe, withits axis vertical, in which the weld is made in the over-head welding position. See Figure B.20(D).4
41、F, plate. A welding test position designation for a linearfillet weld applied to a joint in which the weld is madein the overhead welding position. See Figure B.18(D).4G, plate. A welding test position designation for a lin-ear groove weld applied to a joint in which the weldis made in the overhead
42、welding position. See FigureB.17(D).5F, pipe. A welding test position designation for a cir-cumferential fillet weld applied to a joint in pipe, withits axis approximately horizontal, in which the weld ismade in the horizontal, vertical, and overhead weldingpositions. The pipe remains fixed until th
43、e welding ofthe joint is complete. See Figure B.20(E).5G, pipe. A welding test position designation for a cir-cumferential groove weld applied to a joint in a pipewith its axis horizontal, in which the weld is made inthe flat, vertical, and overhead welding positions. Thepipe remains fixed until the
44、 welding of the joint iscomplete. See Figure B.19(C).6F, pipe. A welding test position designation for a cir-cumferential fillet weld applied to a joint in pipe, withits axis approximately 45 from horizontal, in whichthe weld is made in flat, vertical, and overhead weldingAWS A3.0M/A3.0:20103positio
45、ns. The pipe remains fixed until welding iscomplete. See Figure B.20(F).6G, pipe. A welding test position designation for acircumferential groove weld applied to a joint in pipe,with its axis approximately 45 from horizontal, inwhich the weld is made in the flat, vertical, and over-head welding posi
46、tions. The pipe remains fixed untilwelding is complete. See Figure B.19(D).6GR, pipe. A welding test position designation for a cir-cumferential groove weld applied to a joint in pipe,with its axis approximately 45from horizontal, inwhich the weld is made in the flat, vertical, and over-head welding
47、 positions. A restriction ring is added,adjacent to the joint, to restrict access to the weld. Thepipe remains fixed until welding is complete. See Fig-ure B.19(E).Aabrasion soldering. A soldering process variation dur-ing which surface wetting is enhanced by abrading thefaying surfaces.abrasive bla
48、sting. A method of cleaning or surfaceroughening by a forcibly projected stream of abrasiveparticles.absorptive lens. A filter lens designed to attenuate theeffects of transmitted and reflected light. See also filterplate.accelerating potential, electron beam welding and cut-ting. The potential impa
49、rting velocity to the electrons.acceptable weld. A weld meeting the applicablerequirements.acetylene feather. The intense white, feathery-edgedportion adjacent to the cone of a carburizing oxyacet-ylene flame. See Figure B.40.acid core solder. A solder wire or bar containing acidflux as a core.activated rosin flux. A rosin-based flux containing anadditive that increases wetting by the solder.active flux, submerged arc welding. A flux formulated toproduce a weld metal composition dependent on thewelding parameters, especially arc voltage. See alsoalloy flux and neutral flux.actual thro
