1、AWWA Standard SM Precoat Filter Media Effective date: Aug. 1, 2016. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 23, 1994. This edition approved Jan. 16, 2016. Approved by American National Standards Institute Feb. 22, 2016. ANSI/AWWA B101-16 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B101-12)ii AWWA Standard
2、 This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options tha
3、t must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA pub- lication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. Th
4、e use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or code of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water industry that the product described will provid
5、e satisfactory ser- vice. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the Official Notice section of Journal American Water Works Association. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal
6、American Water Works Association publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer
7、, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has ap - proved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American N
8、ational Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encour - aged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that
9、the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. Caution n oti Ce : The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or
10、 withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American Nat
11、ional Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; 212.642.4900; or emailing infoansi.org. ISBN-13, print: 978-1-62576-173-6 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-384-8DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.12999/AWWA.B101.16 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repro
12、duced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2016 by American Wate
13、r Works Association Printed in USA hours of work by your fellow water professionals. Revenue from the sales of this AWWA material supports ongoing product development. Unauthorized distribution, either electronic or photocopied, is illegal and hinders AWWAs mission to support the water community. Th
14、is AWWA content is the product of thousands ofiii Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Committee on Filtering Materials, which reviewed and approved this stan- dard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: Enric Palacios Donaque, Chair General Interest Members C.V. Lauderdale, HDR Eng
15、ineering, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) G.S. Logsdon, Lake Ann, Mich. (AWWA) T.J. McCandless,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) E. Palacios Donaque, Tordera, Barcelona, Spain (AWWA) L. Thomas,* Standards Council Liaison, Stanley Consultants, Crystal Lake, Ill. (AWWA) Producer Members I.
16、 Diaz, Gannett Fleming, Miami, Fla. (AWWA) K. Walsh, EP Minerals LLC, Reno, Nev. (AWWA) User Members J.H. Bromka, Waterloo, N.Y. (NEWWA) M. Crow, Santa Clara Valley Water District, San Jose, Calif. (AWWA) * Liaison, nonvotingThis page intentionally blank.v Contents All AWWA standards follow the gene
17、ral format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE Foreword I Introduction vii I.A Background . vii I.B History vii I.C Acceptance vii II Special Issues ix II.A Storage and Handling Precautions. ix III Use of This Standard i
18、x III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives ix III.B Modification to Standard x IV Major Revisions . x V Comments x Standard 1 General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose . 1 1.3 Application 1 2 References 2 3 Definitions . 2 4 Requirements 4.1 Physical Requirements . 4 4.2 Chemical Requirements 5 4.3 Impurities
19、 5 5 Verification 5.1 Sampling . 5 5.2 Test Procedures . 6 6 Delivery 6.1 Marking 13 6.2 Packaging and Shipping 13 6.3 Affidavit of Compliance 14 Appendix A Bibliography 15 Figures 1 Cell to Determine Cake Permeability at Constant Pressure 8 2 Flow Diagram . 9 Tables 1 Typical Physical Properties of
20、 Precoat Media Used in Water Treatment . 4 2 Typical Chemical Properties of Precoat Media Used in Water Treatment . 5 3 Example of Test Results . 10 4 Water Viscosity Versus Temperature 12This page intentionally blank.vii Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA
21、 B101. I. Introduction. I.A. Background. Precoat media filtration is a process in which the filter media, typically diatomite or perlite, are applied to a support structure, used for filtration, then removed and disposed of on a cyclic basis. This process is unlike granular-media filtration, in whic
22、h graduated layers of filter media are more or less permanently placed in the filters and periodically backwashed or mechanically cleaned and reused. In precoat media filtration, a thin layer of the filter media, or precoat, is applied to specially designed media-support structures, or septa, within
23、 the filter vessel or struc- ture by recirculating a slurry of the filter media through the septum until it is coated. After the precoat layer is established and filtration has begun, additional filter media are continually added as the raw water passes through the filter. This process, known as bod
24、yfeeding, is done to disperse the accumulation of solids from the source water on the precoat surface and throughout the media depth to maintain porosity and maximize the cycle length. Bodyfeeding reduces or eliminates premature clogging or fouling of the surface of the precoat layer. At the complet
25、ion of the filtration cycle, the filter septa and the vessel are flushed. Spent filter media and particles removed from the source water are drained to an appropriate waste disposal system. The clean filter is precoated again and a new filtration cycle begun. I.B. History. ANSI/AWWA B101 was approve
26、d as a new standard by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 23, 1994. The second edition was approved on June 17, 2001. The third edition was approved on June 10, 2012. This edition was approved on Jan. 16, 2016. I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered int
27、o a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly Awwa
28、RF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. * American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.viii
29、 In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additive
30、s from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including 1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990. 2. Specific policies of the state or local agency. 3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF
31、 : NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects. 4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water Chemicals Codex, and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local agency. Vari
32、ous certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor- dance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation of certi- fication organizations may vary from juris
33、diction to jurisdiction. Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contamina
34、nts” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier. ANSI/AWWA B101 does not address additives requirements. Thus, users of this standard should consult t
35、he appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction to 1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards. 2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. 3. Determine current information on pr
36、oduct certification. * Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001.ix II. Spec
37、ial Issues. II.A. Storage and Handling Precautions. Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a silica product; prolonged breathing of excessive concentrations of its dust may cause lung damage. Most grades of DE used in filtration contain crystalline silica, which may cause silicosis upon entry into the lungs. Ex
38、tremely high concentrations of respirable crystalline silica can result in acute silicosis after a few months exposure, and chronic/ classic silicosis can occur after 1520 years of moderate to low exposures to respirable crystalline silica. Accelerated silicosis can occur after 510 years of exposure
39、 to respirable crystalline silica. Crystalline silica has been classified as carcinogenic to humans (group 1 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC). As a result, proper precautions, including wearing respirators (see OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory Protection Standard), and work p
40、ractices as described by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Publication No. 75-120) should be taken when handling and disposing of the material to control inhalation of the dust. Perlite is an alumina silicate and may contain small quantities of crystalline silica, ranging from 0
41、 percent to 3 percent. In the United States, crystalline silica content above the threshold limit of 0.1 percent must be labeled as a cancer-causing hazard. It is possible to obtain a product with silica levels below 0.1 percent, but any product with levels in excess of this concentration should be
42、labeled in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1200, Hazard Communication. Neither DE nor perlite is considered explosive or corrosive. There is no concern for a chemical reaction caused by accidental exposure of these products to other chemicals because the media are relatively inert. Suppliers of these pr
43、oducts should provide purchasers with proper safety literature and material safety data sheets. III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being consi
44、dered. III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following items should be provided by the purchaser: 1. Standard usedthat is, ANSI/AWWA B101, Precoat Filter Media, of latest revision. 2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects, is required. 3. Detail
45、s of other federal, state, provincial, or local requirements (Section 4). 4. Product name(s).x 5. Generic characteristics (see Table 1 in Section 4) that the purchaser may wish to require based on tests included in this standard follow:* Bulk densities Dry, expressed in lb/ft 3(ASTM* B527, Standard
46、Test Method for Determination of Tap Density of Metal Powders and Compounds) (Sec. 5.2.2). Wet, expressed in lb/ft 3(Sec. 5.2.3). Permeability See Sec. 5.2.4. Portion retained on 150 mesh Percent (Sec. 5.2.5). 6. Packaging units desired (bulk, bags, semibulk containers, pallets, or shrink wrap) and
47、transportation options (truck or rail). 7. Source of supply. Precoat media (processed grades of DE and/or perlite suit- able for use in water treatment) are readily available from many producers throughout the United States. 8. Point of delivery (on truck or unloaded). 9. Whether an affidavit of com
48、pliance is required (Sec. 6.3). III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification to the provisions, definition, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser. I V. Major Revisions. Major revisions made to the standard in this edition include the following: 1. Language brought in
49、 line with Standards Councils guidelines. 2. Revised Permeability Test Procedure, Sec. 5.2.4.2. 3. Added sample permeability calculations. V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard, please contact AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711, FAX at 303.795.7603; write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098; or email at standardsawwa.org. * ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.1 AWWA Standard ANSI/AWWA B101-16 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B101-12) Precoat Fil
