1、ISBN 978-1-891171-24-6 Unit Handling Conveyors BELT CONVEYORS CEMA STANDARD NO. 402-2003 Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association ANSI / CEMA 402-2003(R2009) Reaffirmation of ANSI/CEMA 402-2003 ( Approved January 22, 2009)SAFETY NOTICE The Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association has develop
2、ed Industry Standard Safety Labels for use on the conveying equipment of its member companies. The purpose of the labels is to identify common and uncommon hazards, conditions, and unsafe practices which can injure, or cause the death of, the unwary or inattentive person who is working at or around
3、conveying equipment. The labels are available for sale to member companies and non-member companies. A full description of the labels, their purpose, and guidelines on where to place the labels on typical equipment, has been published in CEMAs Safety Label Brochure No. 201. The Brochure is available
4、 for purchase by members and non-members of the Association. Safety Labels and Safety Label Placement Guidelines, originally published in the Brochure, are also available free on the CEMA Web Site at http:/www.cemanet.org/CEMA_Safety_Pg.htm PLEASE NOTE: Should any of the safety labels supplied by th
5、e equipment manufacturer become unreadable for any reason, the equipment USER is then responsible for replacement and location of these safety labels. Replacement labels and placement guidelines can be obtained by contacting your equipment supplier or CEMA. For Information on Company Membership visi
6、t the CEMA Web Site at http:/www.cemanet.org Conveyor Chain CEMA ORGANIZATIONAL CHART Controls Palletizers Meet in March and/or September Conference Strategic Planning Insurance Meetings Marketing / Membership Statistics Finance and Budget Past Presidents Bulk Handling Section Committees Unit Handli
7、ng Section Engineering Conference Conveyor Chain Performance T erminology Unit Handling Standards Idlers Pulleys Belt Systems Screw Conveyors Belt Manual Accessories Safety Controls T erms and Definitions International Standards Meets Each June Screw Conveyors Bulk Handling Components and Systems Ge
8、neral Bulk Handling Section Bulk Accessories Unit Handling Conveying Section COMMITTEES BOARD OF DIRECTORS OFFICERSDISCLAIMER The information provided in this document is advisory only. These recommendations are provided by CEMA in the interest of promoting safety in the work place. These recommenda
9、tions are general in nature and are not intended as a substitute for a thorough safety program. Users should seek the advise, supervision or consultation of qualified engineers or other safety professionals. Any use of this document, the information contained herein, or any other CEMA publication ma
10、y only be made with the agreement and understanding that the user and the users company assume full responsibility for the design, safety, specifications, suitability and adequacy of the system component, or mechanical or electrical device designed or manufactured using this information.The user and
11、 the users company understand and agree that CEMA, its member companies, its officers, agents and employees shall not be liable in any manner under any theory of liability for the user or users reliance on these recommendations. The users and the users company agree to release, hold harmless and ind
12、emnify CEMA, its member companies, successors, assigns, officers, agents and employees from any and all claims of liability, costs, fees (including attorneys fees), or damages arising in any way out of the use of this information. CEMA and its member companies, successors, assigns, officers, agents
13、and employees make no representations or warranties whatsoever, either express or implied, about the information contained in this document, including, but not limited to, representations or warranties that the information and recommendations contained herein conform to any federal, state or local l
14、aws, regulations, guidelines or ordinances. i FOREWORD Belt conveyors-conveyors which use a belt as a carrying medium-are used for the controlled movement of a great variety of regular or irregular shaped loads, from light and fragile to heavy and rugged unit loads. The path may be horizontal, incli
15、ned or declined, limited only by the stability of the load and the strength of the conveyor components. Belt conveyors can be operated at the speed best suited for the work being performed. They can be used as a pacesetter for assembly operations, for transportation, or as a timing medium for integr
16、ated handling systems. The purpose of this work is to establish certain minimum standards for use in the design and application of unit handling belt conveyors. For additional information relating to definitions and selection of common components, see current edition of CEMA Standard No. 102, Convey
17、or Terms and Definitions and CEMA Standard No. 401, Roller Conveyors-Non-Powered. The illustrations throughout this book are schematic in nature and represent the general nature of a particular device. The illustrations are not intended to represent the recommended safety configurations since guardi
18、ng has been omitted to permit clarity in showing the operational characteristics of the de- vice. Refer to the current editions of ANSI/ASME B20.1, Safety Standard for Conveyors and Related Equipment; ANSI/ASME B15.1, Safety Standard for Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus; and ANSI Z244.1, Amer
19、ican National Safety Standards for Lockout/Tagout of Energy Sources - Minimum Safety Requirements; Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (29 C.F.R.) Part 1910.147, The Control of Hazardous Energy (lockout/tagout); Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (29 C.F.R.) Part 1910 Subpart O, Machinery and M
20、achine Guarding. Consult ASME or ANSI for the latest editions. Grateful acknowledgment is expressed to the Rubber Manufacturers Association for assistance given in preparation of the section on belting. CONVEYOR EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION 6724 Lone Oak Blvd Naples, Florida 34109 Standard No
21、. 402 - Copyright 2009 Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association Printed in the U.S.A. ISBN 978-1-891171-24-6 TABLE OF CONTENTSSection Page DEFINITIONS 1 1 APPLICATION 2 11 TECHNICAL DATA 3 15CEMA Standard No. 402-2003 (R2009) Reviewed by the Unit Handling Section of the CEMA Engineering Conferen
22、ceii Note - CEMA Has Reaffirmed the 2003 Edition. This 2009 Edition is Identical to the 2003 Edition SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN 2003 EDITION All drawings have been cleaned up and enhanced for clarity where necessary. Section 1: Definitions Terms and Definitions have been, expanded, regrouped for ease of
23、understanding, and revised to conform with those in ANSI/CEMA 102 “Conveyor Terms and Definitions”. A new section on Pulley Terms and Definitions has been added. Section 2: Application Essentially unchanged except for page, table, and figure references. Section 3: Technical Data Shaft Calculations h
24、ave been removed from this standard and replaced with reference to ANSI/CEMA Standard B105.1 “Specifications for Welded Steel Conveyor Pulleys With Compression Type Hubs”. This will insure that the standard remains current even if there are changes to B105.1. As a result, the section on shaft size d
25、etermination and its associated charts have been removed. The previous 15 formulas are now 11. A “G” term was added to account for an Acceleration Factor in the Roller and Slider Bed formulas. Friction Factors (Fr and Fs) for Roller and Slider Bed formulas have also been added. The formulas have bee
26、n rewritten to include the Accel- eration and Friction Factors. Four Examples of the application of the data in the Standard are presented to the reader. These examples walk the reader though the entire measurement, analysis, and calculation process.Section 1 DEFINITIONS For general definitions, see
27、 also CEMA Publication 102, Conveyor Terms and Definitions. MECHANICAL ELEMENTS Anti-Backup Protective Device-A device to prevent reversal of a loaded inclined belt when power is shut off. Some types which may be employed are as follows: 1. Eccentric pinch roller or rollers on the return run 2. Brak
28、e motor 3. Ratchet and pawl, or overrunning clutch, on a shaft of the drive 4. Self-locking worm gear reducer 5. Roller clutch backstop in gear reducer Anti-Overrunning Device-A brake or other device used to prevent a loaded declined belt from running when power is shut off. Bed, Conveyor-That part
29、of a conveyor upon which the load or carrying medium rests or slides while being conveyed (see Figures, Page 5). Bed, Roller-A bed utilizing a series of rollers and channels used to support a conveying medium. Bed, Slider-A bed utilizing a stationary surface to support a conveying medium. Conveyor W
30、idth-(a) Roller Bed: The dimension inside to inside (BF) of frame rails (see dimension A, Figures 1 and 2, Page 5); (b) Slider Bed: The dimension inside to inside (BF) of frame rails (see dimension B, Figures 3, 4, and 6, Page 5). Overall width (OAW) of the bed (see dimension C, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4,
31、and 6; dimension B, Figure 5, Page 5). Curve, Horizontal Belt-A curved conveyor section equipped with a curved belt to change the direction of travel. The curved radius is measured to the inside face of the inside frame rail. The hand of the curve is determined when facing in the direction of travel
32、. Drive-An assembly of the necessary structural, mechanical, and electrical parts which provide the motive power for a conveyor. Gravity Feeder-Conveyor bed of closely spaced wheels or rollers used to transfer unit loads from gravity flow to incline belt conveyor or from decline belt conveyor to gra
33、vity flow. Guide Rails-Members paralleling the path of a conveyor and limiting the product on the conveyor to movement in a defined path. Metering Conveyor-A short powered conveyor whose speed and motion are controlled to release unit loads at a predetermined rate. Nose-Over-Curved or segmented fram
34、e sections having rollers properly spaced to provide a transition from incline to horizontal or from horizontal to decline. Pop-out Roller-A special load carrying roller mounted in such a manner as to pop out when foreign objects are introduced between the belt and the roller; usually located adjace
35、nt to the drive or tail pulleys. Powered Feeder-Short power conveyor generally used for in-line transfer of unit loads from horizontal to incline or from decline to horizontal (see Figure 13, Page 7). Roller, Carrier, Return, and Gravity-A cylindrical member with internal bearings mounted on a non-r
36、otating shaft. Carrying Rollers-A series of rollers used to support a conveyed load Return Rollers-A series of rollers supporting the return run of the conveyor drive belt. Gravity Rollers-A series of rollers use to carry a live load but not driven.12 Snub Roller-Any roller used to increase the arc
37、of contact between a belt and drive or tail pulley. Tracking training-The process of adjusting idlers, pulleys, and loading conditions in a manner which will correct any tendency of the belt to run other than centrally.BELTING Carcass-The fabric tension carrying portion of a belt, as distinguished f
38、rom the cover. Covers-Material applied to the outer surfaces of a conveyor belt for protection of the carcass and, where required, to provide special load carrying frictional characteristics. Duck-A term applied to a wide range of medium and heavy weight fabrics, commonly made of cotton or synthetic
39、 material, used to construct a conveyor belt carcass. Edge Cemented-An application of rubber cement or other sealant over the raw or cut edge of a belt. Folded-A belt construction wherein an outer ply is folded around a carcass to cover the edges. Raw-The uncovered square edge of a belt created by c
40、utting after vulcanization. Friction Surface-A rubber adhesive compound applied to and impregnating a conveyor belt fabric, to provide greater than normal traction. PIW- Belt rating, Pounds (load) per Inch Width of a conveyor belt. Ply-A layer of duck or cords used in constructing the carcass of a c
41、onveyor belt. Skim or Skim Coat-A layer of material applied to the belt fabric but not forced into the weave. Splice Mechanical-A joint made by fastening two ends of belting together by means of metal hooks or plates. Vulcanized-A joint made endless by means of vulcanizing two properly prepared ends
42、 of the belt. Step-Each ply is cut back futher than the previous on each end to allow overlapping and bonding of the plys. Finger-Each end is cut in a long finger pattern and bonded to allow maximum flexibility. Types of Belt 1. Bare Back-A belt in which one side has an exposed fabric surface free o
43、f any covering. Generally supplied on the non-carrying side to reduce sliding friction. 2. Cleated-A belt having raised sections spaced uniformly to stabilize flow of material on belts operating on inclines. Cleats may be part of belt or fastened on. 3. Monofilament-A belt utilizing many single stra
44、nds of untwisted synthetic fiber, such as nylon, to reduce belt stretch. 4. Rough Top-Cover intentionally made with ridges or projections to produce an irregular surface for carrying ability when required. 5. Solid Woven Cotton-Layers of warp threads are woven with layers of filler threads and bound
45、 to- gether in the loom with binder threads. There are no distinct plies, but the layers of warp threads are often counted as plies. They may be used with or without treatment or impregnation. 6. Solid Woven PVC-Single-ply, solid woven carcass made from nylon, polyester, or combinations thereof, imp
46、regnated and coated with PVC (polyvinyl-chloride) plastic.3 7. Stitched Canvas-Several plies of the fabrics (usually cotton duck) are stitched together and normally treated by immersion in special compounds. 8. Multiple Ply-Carcass is usually made with three or more plies of fabric bonded together b
47、y elasto- meric material. May be furnished smooth covers top and bottom, rough-top, friction-surface, bareback, or combinations using one type of surface for one side of the belt and another type of surface for the other side. 9. Reduced-Ply-The necessary carcass characteristics are obtained using f
48、ewer plies than comparable multiple-ply belts. The carcass may be made as a single unit or from plies, usually two, of nylon, polyester, or combinations of these synthetics. When more than one ply is used, they are bonded together as in multiple-ply belts but with heavier skim coats between the plie
49、s. Covers available are similar to those for multiple-ply belts. 10. Metal a. Woven Wire b. Flat Wire c. Flat Steel Band Specifications and testing methods for various belting materials can be found in one of the following references: ASTM D 413 Method for Testing Rubber Property Adhesive to Flexible Substrates ASTM D 378 Method for Testing Rubber Belting, Flat Type ASTM D 430 Methods of Dynamic Testing for Ply Separation and Cracking of Rubber Products Pulleys See also latest edition of ANSI/CEMA B105.1, Welded Steel Conveyor Pulle
