1、IEEE Std C62.48-2005(Revision ofIEEE Std C62.48-1995)C62.48TMIEEE Guide on Interactions BetweenPower System Disturbances andSurge-Protective Devices3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USAIEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theSurge Protectors Device Committee11 November 2005Print: SH95356
2、PDF: SS95356Recognized as anAmerican National Standard (ANSI)The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2005 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 11 November 2005. Printed in
3、the United States of America.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educationalclassroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.NOTEAttention is called to the possibility that impleme
4、ntation of this standard may require use of subjectmatter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to theexistence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible foridentifying patents for which a licens
5、e may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into thelegal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.iiiCopyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.IntroductionThe purpose of this guide is to provide users and manufacturers of surge-protective devices (SP
6、Ds) with anunderstanding of the nature of power system disturbances and SPDs, and of the interactions that can occurbetween them and between SPDs. Given this understanding, users will be able to take steps to either preventor mitigate adverse effects of such interactions.The growth of interest in lo
7、w-voltage SPDs parallels the increasing number of applications of highlysophisticated electronic equipment that can be exposed and susceptible to surge voltages. Users of SPDs cansometimes be under the impression, or can be led to believe, that by installing an SPD in their facility orwithin their e
8、quipment, they will provide total immunity to any and all power system disturbances. Inreality, SPDs will respond to and affect some power system disturbances. The effects that SPDs will have onpower system disturbances are often less than desired. SPDs installed at various locations in the wiringsy
9、stems as well as in equipment can interact with those wiring systems and with each other. In this scenario,the effect of any given SPD is imprecise and predictable only within wide limits. Proper application of SPDswill eliminate or reduce the effects of these disturbances for which it was designed.
10、 The use of SPDs iscovered in other IEEE C62family documents.The SPDs discussed herein are intended to limit transient overvoltages that can appear in low-voltage acpower systems having service voltages of 1000 V or less.This guide is a member of the IEEE C62 family that deals with power system surg
11、es and surge protection.IEEE Std C62.41.2-2002 characterizes and provides information on surge voltages in low-voltage acpower circuits. Other IEEE C62 documents describe performance characteristics of SPDs, recommend stan-dard test protocols for verifying SPD performance, and provide SPD applicatio
12、ns guidance.Notice to usersErrataErrata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL forerrata periodically.InterpretationsCurrent interpretations can be accesse
13、d at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html.PatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mattercovered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the exis
14、tence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifyingpatents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or forconducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are broug
15、ht to its attention.This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C62.48-2005, IEEE Guide on Interactions Between Power SystemDisturbances and Surge-Protective Devices.ivCopyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.ParticipantsAt the time this guide was completed, the Surge Characterization on Low-Voltage C
16、ircuits Working Grouphad the following membership:James Funke, Chair, Technical EditorRay Hill, Vice Chair, SecretaryOther individuals who have contributed review and comments are as follows: The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have votedfor
17、 approval, disapproval, or abstention. Ken BrownWilliam BushRichard ChadwickErnie GalloAndi HaaJim HarrisonMike HopkinsWilhelm KappJoseph L. KoepfingerFranois MartzloffRichard OdenbergAlan RebeckMike StringfellowTony SurteesHans J. SteinhoffFrank WatererMatt Wakeham Richard BentingerJ. BonnesenWilli
18、am GoldbachDavid JacksonDeborah Jennings-ConnerPhillip JonesMike ParenteD. SingletonEdgar TalyorJames WilsonDon Worden Richard BentingerEnrique BetancourtThomas BlairMark BushnellJames CaseTommy CooperRonald DaubertRandall DotsonGary EngmannClifford ErvenMarcel FortinJames FunkeErnie GalloJerry Goer
19、zWilliam GoldbachRandall GrovesAjit GwalSteven HensleyRaymond HillEdward Horgan, Jr.Joseph JancauskasDavid JacksonWilhelm KappJoseph L. KoepfingerStephen R. LambertBoyd LeuenbergerJason LinPeter LipsGary MichelLisardo LouridoAl MaguireAhmad Mahin FallahWilliam MajeskiJohn McDanielMark McGranaghanAbd
20、ul MousaFredrick OKeefeJoseph OsterhoutThomas PekarekAlan RebeckThomas RozekJames RuggieriCameron SmallwoodHans SteinhoffKeith StumpTony SurteesDonald TurnerReigh WallingDaniel WardSteven WhisenantJames WilsonZhenxue Xu vCopyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.When the IEEE-SA Standards Board appro
21、ved this guide on 9 June 2005, it had the following membership:Steve M. Mills, ChairRichard H. Hulett, Vice ChairJudith Gorman, Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeRichard DeBlasio, DOE Representati
22、veAlan H. Cookson, NIST RepresentativeDon MessinaIEEE Standards Project EditorMark D. BowmanDennis B. BrophyJoseph BruderRichard CoxBob DavisJulian Forster*Joanna N. GueninMark S. HalpinRaymond HapemanWilliam B. HopfLowell G. JohnsonHerman KochJoseph L. Koepfinger*David J. LawDaleep C. MohlaPaul Nik
23、olichT. W. OlsenGlenn ParsonsRonald C. PetersenGary S. RobinsonFrank StoneMalcolm V. ThadenRichard L. TownsendJoe D. WatsonHoward L. WolfmanContents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions 2 4. Power system disturbances. 2 4.1 Surges 3 4.2 Swells 3 4.3 Temp
24、orary overvoltages 4 4.4 Notches 5 4.5 Sags . 5 4.6 Temporary undervoltages 5 4.7 Harmonics 5 4.8 Noise 6 4.9 Voltage magnification . 7 5. Interactions of power system disturbances on SPDs 7 5.1 Response to voltage surges 7 5.2 Response to swells. 9 5.3 Response to TOVs. 9 5.4 Response to notches. 9
25、 5.5 Response to sags 9 5.6 Response to temporary undervoltages . 10 5.7 Response to harmonics 10 5.8 Response to noise 10 5.9 Response to voltage magnification 10 6. Interactions of SPDs on power system disturbances 11 6.1 Benefits for downstream and upstream loads 11 6.2 Partial loss of power with
26、 voltage-switching devices11 6.3 Surge current introduction into a facility. 11 6.4 Voltage oscillations caused by SPDs. 12 6.5 Effects of inductance between SPDs . 12 6.6 SPD failure-mode effects on power systems . 13 6.7 Effects of SPD peripheral components on power systems. 14 6.8 Effect of added
27、 filter on neutral-ground voltage 14 Annex A (informative) Bibliography . 15 iv Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. Annex B (informative) Description of environment 16 B.1 The steady-state environment . 16 B.2 Sources of power system disturbances 17 Annex C (informative) Glossary 19 v Copyrigh
28、t 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide on Interactions Between Power System Disturbances and Surge-Protective Devices 1. 1.11.2Overview Scope This guide applies to surge-protective devices (SPDs) manufactured to be connected to 50 Hz or 60 Hz ac power circuits rated at 1001000 V rms. This guid
29、e describes the effects on SPDs of power system disturbances occurring in these low-voltage ac power circuits. The disturbances are not limited to surges. The effects of the presence and operation of SPDs on the quality of power available to the connected loads are described. The interaction among m
30、ultiple SPDs on the same circuit is also described. This guide discusses both voltage and current surges. The current surges discussed in this guide are the result of voltage surges. Current surges that are solely the result of load changes and do not result in voltage increases, such as a short cir
31、cuit, are not discussed in this guide. An SPDs primary purpose is to provide surge protection. Devices discussed in this guide contain at least one nonlinear component for diverting surge current and/or dissipating surge energy, such as a metal oxide varistor (MOV), silicon avalanche diode (SAD), th
32、yristor, or spark gap. Uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs), ferroresonators, motor-generators, and filters containing only inductive and/or capacitive components are not considered SPDs in this guide. Purpose The purpose of this guide is to provide information on the interactions between power sys
33、tem disturbances and SPDs that is not readily available in other standards. This guide provides summary information on power system disturbances that affect or can affect SPDs. The description of the interactions is intended to inform the potential user of such SPDs as to what can be expected from s
34、uch devices. NOTEData used for the preparation of this standard were obtained primarily from low-voltage ac power distribution systems used in North America.11Notes in text, tables, and figures of a standard are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement this stan
35、dard. 1 Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std C62.48-2005 IEEE Guide for Interactions Between Power System Disturbances and Surge-Protective Devices 2. 3.4. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this guide. For dated references,
36、 only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. ANSI C84.1 (R2005), American National Standard for Electric Power Systems and EquipmentVoltage Ratings (60 Hz).2IEEE Std C62.41.1, IEEE Guide on th
37、e Surge Environment in Low-Voltage (1000 V and Less) AC Power Circuits.3Definitions For the purposes of this guide, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms B34should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause. 3.1 nonlinear load: An ele
38、ctrical load that draws current discontinuously or whose impedance varies during the cycle of the input ac voltage waveform. 3.2 nonlinear load current: Load current that is discontinuous or is not proportional to the ac voltage. 3.3 power cross: An event in an electrical distribution system where a
39、 higher voltage conductor, such as from a transmission line, falls on a lower voltage conductor, such as a distribution or secondary line. Power system disturbances Power system disturbances are increases or decreases in the system voltage or the power frequency beyond what is considered the normal
40、tolerance (e.g., as described by ANSI C84.15). The changes in voltage on the ac mains can range from complete loss (no voltage) for various durations lasting up to seconds, minutes, or even hours to very high-magnitude, short-duration impulses of 50 or more times the normal system voltage lasting fo
41、r no more than a few millionths of a second. Some of these disturbances can have an undesirable effect on the connected equipment, including SPDs. The SPDs discussed in this guide are connected to the low-voltage mains (1001000 V ac), though some of the disturbances originate on the high-voltage dis
42、tribution system. SPDs are intended to reduce the severity of some power system disturbances but can be unable to do anything about others. Before discussing the interactions between power system disturbances and SPDs in detail, the power system disturbances will be described along with a brief summ
43、ary of the interactions. Table 1 presents a summary of the interactions. 2ANSI publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/). 3IEEE publications are available from the Institu
44、te of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). 4The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A. 5For information on references, see Clause 2. 2 Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights res
45、erved. IEEE Std C62.48-2005 IEEE Guide for Interactions Between Power System Disturbances and Surge-Protective Devices Table 1 Power system disturbance and SPD interaction Power system disturbances Surges Swells Temporaryovervoltages(TOVs) Notches Sags Temporary undervoltages Harmonics Noise Effect
46、on SPD Some Possibly adverse Possibly adverse None None None Possibly adverse None SPD effect on disturbances Reduce Possibly reduce None None None None None Possiblyreduce 4.14.2Surges Surges are described in IEEE Std C62.41.2-2002. They include short-duration, high-energy surges; bursts of high-fr
47、equency transients; and high-energy, lower-voltage, and lower-frequency disturbances due to power-system operations. Surges can be subdivided into externally generated and internally generated surges. External surges are those surges generated outside a facility and brought into the facility by the
48、utility wires. Internal surges are generated within a facility by the users own equipment. External surges are typically more severe but less frequent than internal surges. Externally generated surges can result from lightning, power system switching, and operation of overcurrent protective devices
49、(OCPDs), such as circuit breakers, reclosers, and fuses. Lightning surges can result from a direct strike to the power service or induced by strikes to nearby lines or to earth. Buried power cables are not immune to lightning surges. Lightning currents can flow along the sheath of a buried cable and induce voltages on the conductors within the cable. Wires inside a plastic conduit are also subject to induced voltages that might be capable of damaging vulnerable equipment. Capacitor switching can also generate voltage surges in the secondary supply system. I
